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Chilenization Of Tacna, Arica And Tarapacá
The Chilenization of Tacna, Arica, and Tarapacá was a process of forced transculturation or acculturation in the areas (Tacna, Arica, and Tarapacá) which were invaded and incorporated by Chile since the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). The aim of the Chilenization was to create a dominance of Chilean traditions and culture in that region, in preference to those of the Peruvian population. The British desire to reunite all saltpeter mines under one political administration was also a major factor that influenced the outcome of the war. After the failure of Chile to ratify the Billinghurst-Latorre protocol, Chile began in the provinces of Tacna and Arica a policy which has been called "Chilenization". This has consisted in the closing of school conducted by Peruvians, the extension of the military zone to Tacna, the dismissal of Peruvian prelates and interference with Peruvian religious establishments, the initiation of a Chilean press propaganda and restrictions upon Peruvian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TACNA 1926 CRUZ NEGRA
Tacna, officially known as San Pedro de Tacna, is a city in southern Peru and the regional capital of the Tacna Region. A very commercially active city, it is located only north of the border with Arica y Parinacota Region from Chile, inland from the Pacific Ocean and in the valley of the Caplina River. It is Peru's tenth most populous city. The city has gained a reputation for its patriotism, with many monuments and streets named after heroes of Peru's struggle for independence (1821–1824) and the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Residents of Tacna are known in Spanish as '. History Pre-Columbian era At the time of the Spanish conquest, the region around Tacna was already multiethnic, displaying a mix of local sedentary populations and mitma settlers from the Altiplano. The proportions of these are that the first made up about 66% of the population and the latter 25%. Fishing-oreinted people known as Camanchacos made up about the remaining 9% of the population. Much of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moquegua Department
Moquegua () is a department and region in southern Peru that extends from the coast to the highlands. Its capital is the city of Moquegua, which is among the main Peruvian cities for its high rates of GDP and national education. Geography The department's volcanoes and its geomorphology make its geography remarkable. It is formed by upstream portion of the Tambo River, one of the most torrential coastal rivers, which forms deep valleys that can be divided into three sectors, the first one being in the northwest, forming the Puquina-La Capilla sector. These are veritable oasis enclaved in the rocks; arid hillsides and some terraces where horticulture is possible. High quality alfalfa as well as fruits, especially grapes, are produced here, due to a good climate and a rich soil. The second sector is the valley of Omate, one of the most populated and fertile soils of the department. The Ubinas Volcano, Peru's most active volcano, is located nearby. In the hillsides, the land is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Baquedano
Manuel Jesús Baquedano González (; January 1, 1823 – September 30, 1897) was a Chilean soldier and politician, who served as Commander-in-chief of the Army during the War of the Pacific, and briefly as President of Chile during the civil war of 1891. Manuel Baquedano was of Spanish (Navarra) descent. He took part in the War of the Confederation, the revolutions of 1851 and 1859, the Occupation of Araucanía, and the War of the Pacific. He also served as Senator for Santiago and for Colchagua. He was instrumental in reorganizing the Army and establishing the Military Academy. Early life Manuel Baquedano was born in Santiago, the son of cavalry colonel Fernando Baquedano and of Teresa González de Labra y Ros. He studied at the school of clergyman Juan Romo and at the Instituto Nacional of Chile. During this time he became lifelong friends with Federico Errázuriz and Eusebio Lillo. Baquedano was only 15 years old and still at school when the War of the Confederation b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alameda Bolognesi
Alameda Bolognesi, formerly known as Alameda Baquedano during the city's Chilean administration, is the main avenue of the city of Tacna, Peru. It was built over the streambed of Caplina River, which still runs under its path. It was built by Manuel de Mendiburu when he was prefect of Tacna in 1840, subsequently modernised by the local government. History Formerly the Caplina River ran in the open, on both sides of the river there were acacias and willows; There were also bridges of solid construction, statues that represented the four seasons, stone benches and arbors with a vaulted base with a circular platform and lateral stands. During the Chilean administration in 1880 during the War of the Pacific, those marble statues disappeared, as well as the willows and palm trees were planted. In the Chilean period of Tacna, the mall was called Baquedano Avenue, after General Manuel Baquedano. In the last years of the 1960s, a large part of the avenue was paved, it was modernized, kee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Chile
The University of Chile () is a public university, public research university in Santiago, Chile. It was founded on November 19, 1842, and inaugurated on September 17, 1843.Fuentes documentales y bibliográficas para el estudio de la historia de Chile. Capítulo III: "La Universidad de Chile 1842 – 1879". 1. La ley orgánica de 1842 ''uchile.cl''. It is the oldest university in the country. It was established as the continuation of the former colonial Royal University of San Felipe (1738) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarapacá Department (Chile)
Tarapacá Department was a department in Tarapacá Province, Chile, from 1883 to 1928. It was ceded to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón, formerly being part of the Peruvian province of the same name. History The department was created on 31 October 1884 under the administration of the also new Tarapacá Province, both awarded to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón, along with Tacna. It was bordered to the north by the Pisagua Department, to the east by the Andes, to the south by the Antofagasta Department, and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Administrative divisions See also * War of the Pacific * Treaty of Ancón * Consequences of the War of the Pacific * Chilenization of Tacna, Arica and Tarapacá * Tacna Province (Chile) * Litoral Department * Tarapacá Province * Arica Province (Peru) Arica was a historical province of Peru, which existed between 1823 and 1883. It was populated by pre-Hispanic peoples for a long period of time before Spanish colonization in the ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisagua Department
Pisagua Department was a department in Tarapacá Province, Chile, from 1883 to 1974. It was ceded to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón, formerly being part of the Peruvian province of the same name. History The department was created on 31 October 1884 under the administration of the also new Tarapacá Province, both awarded to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón, along with Tacna. It was bordered to the north by the Arica Department, to the east by Bolivia, to the south by the Tarapacá Department (after 1928 the Iquique Department), and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. See also * War of the Pacific * Treaty of Ancón * Consequences of the War of the Pacific * Chilenization of Tacna, Arica and Tarapacá * Tacna Province (Chile) * Litoral Department * Arica Province (Peru) * Tarapacá Department (Peru) * Tarapacá Department (Chile) Tarapacá Department was a department in Tarapacá Province, Chile, from 1883 to 1928. It was ceded to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón, former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarapacá Province
Tarapacá was a province in Chile, from 1883 to 1928. It was ceded to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón, formerly being part of the Peruvian province of the same name. History The province was created in 1883, having been awarded to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón, along with Tacna. Administrative divisions The original administrative divisions in 1884 were as follows: On December 30, 1927, Tarapacá Department was renamed to Iquique Department , creating the following: After the Treaty of Lima, in 1929, Tacna Province, along with Tacna Department, are dissolved and returned to Peru, with Arica Department going to Tarapacá Province, with a new area of 58.072 km². En 1974, the Tarapacá Region is created out of the former Tarapacá Province, as well as the Antofagasta Province. See also * War of the Pacific * Treaty of Ancón * Consequences of the War of the Pacific * Chilenization of Tacna, Arica and Tarapacá * Tacna Province (Chile) * Litoral Department ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arica Department
The Arica Department was a territorial division of Chile that existed between 1884 and 1929. It was ceded by the Treaty of Ancón in 1883 and placed under military administration, and then created on the 31st of October 1884, as one of the three departments of the Tacna Province, and was returned to Peru at midnight on the 28th of August 1929, under the terms agreed upon in the Treaty of Lima of the same year. History The province was first established on October 31, 1883 by a law promulgated by President Domingo Santa María which defined its limits as the Tacna Province to the north, the ''Quebrada de Camarones'' to the south, the Andes mountain range to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. This was under the conditions of Treaty of Ancón, by means of which Chile achieved dominion over the Tarapacá Department, and possession of the provinces of Tacna and Arica for a decade, after which a plebiscite was to be held in 1894 to determine the region's sovereignty, however, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacna Department (Chile)
The Tacna Department was a territorial division of Chile that existed between 1884 and 1929. It was ceded by the Treaty of Ancón in 1883 and placed under military administration, and then created on the 31st of October 1884, as one of the three departments of the Tacna Province, incorporating as well a disputed claim over Tarata, and was returned to Peru at midnight on the 28th of August 1929, under the terms agreed upon in the Treaty of Lima of the same year. History Its limits were defined as the Sama River to the north, the Arica Department to the south, the Andes mountain range to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. In 1885 Chile integrated Tarata into the province, becoming in 1911 the Tarata Department, as the Chilean government argued the town was to the east of the Sama river. Peru, however, did not recognize this annexation on the grounds that the territory was completely unaffected by the Treaty of Ancón. Around this time, raids by Peruvian smugglers as wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarata Department (Chile)
The Tarata Department was a territorial division of Chile that existed between 1911 and 1921. Its territory comprised some controversial territory east of Sama River (Peru), Sama River. History In 1885, after the Chilean victory in the War of the Pacific, Chile integrated Tarata, Peru, Tarata into the Tacna Department (Chile), Tacna Department of the newly formed Tacna Province (Chile), Tacna Province. The Department was officially created under president Ramón Barros Luco, Ramón Barros' administration on December 2, 1911, under law № 2,575, published in the Chilean ''Diario Oficial de la República de Chile, Diario Oficial'' newspaper. The Department's territory was composed of the 8th and 9th ''subdelegaciones'' of Tacna Department. The comune of Tarata was chosen as its capital, and some parts of its administration, such as its judicial administration, were shared with nearby Arica Department. Ticalaco River served as its northern boundary. The creation of the Department ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit organization, not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are distributed to its members, major U.S. daily newspapers and radio and television broadcasters. Since the award was established in 1917, the AP has earned 59 Pulitzer Prizes, including 36 for photography. The AP is also known for its widely used ''AP Stylebook'', its AP polls tracking National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA sports, sponsoring the National Football League's annual awards, and its election polls and results during Elections in the United States, US elections. By 2016, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters. The AP operates 235 news bureaus in 94 countries, and publishes in English, Spanish, and Arabic. It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides twice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
