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Cheating In Bridge
Cheating in bridge refers to a deliberate violation of the rules of the game of bridge or other unethical behaviour that is intended to give an unfair advantage to a player or team. Cheating can occur in many forms and can take place before, during, or after a board or game. Commonly cited instances of cheating include: conveying information to a partner by means of a pre-arranged illegal signal, viewing the opponents' cards in a board prior to their arrival at the table, altering the records as to the results of a board; in certain games, it may include illicit shuffling to deal favourable cards to oneself or one's partner or marking cards so as to make their denomination and/or rank apparent to the perpetrator. Definition Unlike games such as chess which provide perfect information to the competitors, bridge is a game of imperfect information, and the exact contents of partner's and opponents' hands remain unknown until later in the play. Players are only entitled to act upon in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contract Bridge
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking game, trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two Team game, competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, bridge tournaments, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games, particularly among Old Age, seniors. The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing it at the regional level. The game consists of a number of , each progressing through four phases. The cards are to the players; then the players ''call'' (or ''bid'') in an seeking to take the , specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. During the auction, partners use their bids to exchange infor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helen Sobel
Helen Elizabeth Sobel Smith (''née'' Martin; May 22, 1909 – September 11, 1969) was an American bridge player. She is said to have been the "greatest woman bridge player of all time" and "may well have been the most brilliant card player of all time." She won 35 North American Bridge Championships, and was the first woman to play in the Bermuda Bowl. She was a long-time partner of Charles Goren. Biography Sobel Smith was born Helen Martin in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Cornelius and Ethel Martin (''née'' Murphy). Her father, whose own father had emigrated from England, was working as a machinist when Helen was born in 1909, joining a 5-year-old sister, Dorothy.1910 United States Census Helen was a chorus girl in her youth. At age 16, she was already performing with the Marx Brothers in shows including ''The Cocoanuts'' and ''Animal Crackers''. She only knew only how to play pinochle and Casino until another chorus girl taught her bridge: she took to the game like a duck ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Screen (bridge)
A screen is a device used in some tournaments in duplicate bridge that visually separates partners at the table from each other, in order to reduce the exchange of unauthorized information and prevent some forms of cheating. It is a panel made of plywood, spanned canvas or similar material, which is placed vertically, diagonally across the playing table, with a small door in the center and a slit beneath it. The door is closed during the bidding stage, and the players place their calls using bidding cards on a movable tray, which slides under the door. After the opening lead, the door is opened, but its size allows the players only to see the hands and cards played from the opposite side of the screen, not their partner's face. Screens are normally used on high-level competitions, such as World Bridge Olympiads, national teams championships and similar. They are always accompanied with bidding boxes and a tray for moving the bids across. Screens were first introduced in Bermuda B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl'Alberto Perroux
Carl'Alberto Perroux (also Carlo Alberto; 20 November 1905 – 20 August 1977) was an Italian contract bridge official, the founder and long-time non-playing captain of the Blue Team, the most successful team in bridge history. As Blue Team captain he won 8 Bermuda Bowls, 1 World Team Olympiad and 3 European Bridge League s championships in the period from 1951 to 1966. Perroux was born in Mirandola, Modena, in 1905, the son of Alberto Perroux and Enrica Maramotti Perroux. A criminal attorney in private life, he was the captain of the team through 1950s and early 1960s. He was the main craftsman of the team's cohesion and spirit, both by supporting and consoling, and by exhorting and forcing. He was known for imposing tough discipline: players who broke the rules were unconditionally benched, regardless of short-term benefits. He even checked whether the team members went to bed alone and on time during tournaments. Perroux was the president of Italian Bridge Federation from 1952 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Gerber (bridge)
John Gerber (May 18, 1906 – January 28, 1981) was an American bridge player. Gerber was born in Yelisavetgrad, Russian Empire (now Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine). He settled in Houston, Texas, where he died in a hospital at age 74. Gerber was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1998. Bridge accomplishments Honors * ACBL Hall of Fame, 1998"Induction by Year" . ''Hall of Fame''. ACBL. Retrieved 2014-11-13. With linked citations. Wins * (7) ** |
Solidus (coin)
The ''solidus'' (Latin 'solid'; : ''solidi'') or ''nomisma'' () was a highly pure gold coin issued in the Later Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire. It was introduced in the early 4th century, replacing the aureus, and its weight of about 4.45 grams remained relatively constant for seven centuries. In the Byzantine Empire, the solidus or nomisma remained a highly pure gold coin until the 11th century, when several Byzantine emperors began to strike the coin with debasement, less and less gold. The nomisma was finally abolished by Alexios I Komnenos in 1092, who replaced it with the hyperpyron, which also came to be known as a "bezant". The Byzantine solidus also inspired the zolotnik in the Kievan Rus' and the originally slightly less pure gold dinar first issued by the Umayyad Caliphate beginning in 697. In Western Europe, the solidus was the main gold coin of commerce from late Roman times to the Early Middle Ages. In Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, the solidus also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Albarran
Pierre Albarran (18 May 1893 – 24 February 1960) was a French people, French auction bridge, auction and contract bridge player and theorist, and a tennis player. It has been reported that he was born in the West Indies, and also in Chaville, Hauts-de-Seine, France. He died in Paris. Bridge At the bridge table Albarran played on the France open team that won the Bermuda Bowl#Predecessors, European IBL Championship in 1935 and on the slightly different team that traveled to New York City late that year for a match that may be considered the first world team championship. He subsequently represented France in more than 30 international bridge competitions and won 19 national titles. His contributions to bidding systems include the canapé (bridge), canapé approach and the bridge convention, convention later called Roman two-suiters. Upon his death Albert H. Morehead observed that Albarran was almost unknown in America "but it is possible that M. Albarran's bidding theories i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Sheinwold
Alfred (Freddy) Sheinwold (January 26, 1912 – March 8, 1997) was an American bridge player, administrator, international team captain, and prolific writer. He and Edgar Kaplan developed the Kaplan–Sheinwold bidding system. Among other administrative assignments that he accepted, Sheinwold chaired the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) National Laws Commission from 1964 to 1975, and the ACBL Appeals Committee from 1966 to 1970. He was an editor of ''The Bridge World'' monthly magazine from 1934 to 1963 and was the editor of the monthly ACBL members' ''Bridge Bulletin'' from 1952 to 1958. Upon his death early in 1997, the ''New York Times'' bridge columnist Alan Truscott called Sheinwold "the Grand Old Man of Bridge" and observed that he was the last of "the founders of contract bridge". Early years Sheinwold was born in London, England, and emigrated to the United States as age 9. He was a bridge expert when he graduated from City College of New York in 1933, and was then " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar Kaplan
Edgar Kaplan (April 18, 1925 – September 7, 1997) was an American bridge player and one of the principal contributors to the game. His career spanned six decades and covered every aspect of bridge. He was a teacher, author, editor, administrator, champion player, theorist, expert Vugraph commentator, coach/captain and authority on the laws of the game. He was the editor and publisher of ''The Bridge World'' magazine for more than 30 years (1967–1997). With Alfred Sheinwold he developed the Kaplan–Sheinwold bidding system. He was from New York City. Career As a player, Kaplan won 25 North American Bridge Championships (NABC) and was a Grand Life Master; at his death, he had accumulated 13,974 ACBL masterpoints. In 1957, Kaplan won the McKenney Trophy (now called the Barry Crane Top 500) for most masterpoints won during the year. He was twice runner-up in the world championships: the Bermuda Bowl (1967) and the World Team Olympiad (1968). Both final session losses were to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Contract Bridge League
The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) is a governing body for contract bridge in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda. It is the largest such organization in North America having the stated mission "to promote, grow and sustain the game of bridge and serve the bridge-related interests of our Members." Its major activities are: * sanctioning games at local bridge clubs and regional events * certifying bridge teachers and club directors * conducting the North American Bridge Championships (NABC) * providing education materials and services * administering the ACBL masterpoints system for tracking player performance * providing oversight for ethical behavior and play * representing the interests of its members with the World Bridge Federation. , it had more than 130,000 members. History The ACBL was created in 1937 by the merger of the American Bridge League and the United States Bridge Association in 1937. At that time, its bridge tournaments were open only to white ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobias Stone
Tobias Stone (June 8, 1919 – February 15, 2012) was an American bridge player and writer from New York City. Stone was born in Manhattan. He and Janice Gilbert married in 1955; divorced in 1975. He retired from bridge and in 1986 moved to Las Vegas, where he died in 2012. Stone was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 2003. Publications * 237 pages. * 237 pages. Preface revised by Alvin Roth. Bridge accomplishments Honors * ACBL Hall of Fame, 2003"Induction by Year" ''Hall of Fame''. ACBL. Retrieved 2014-11-22. Awards * (1) 1956Wins * |
Kibitzer
Kibitzer is a Yiddish Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with ... term for a spectator, usually one who offers (often unwanted) advice or commentary. The term can be applied to any activity, but is most commonly used to describe spectators in games such as contract bridge, chess, Go (game), Go, and Schafkopf. In card games, a kibitzer simply refers to a spectator watching a player's hand; kibitzers are expected to remain silent and not impact the game. Kibitz and kibitzer are derived from German kiebitzen, to look over a card-player's shoulder, perhaps derived from Kiebitz, a lapwing or peewit. Other uses The verb kibitz can also refer to idle chatting or side conversations. In computer science the term is the title of a programming language released by NIST, as a sub-pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
