|
Chavante
The Xavante (also Shavante, Chavante, Akuen, A'uwe, Akwe, Awen, or Akwen) are an indigenous people, comprising 15,315 individuals within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso state in Brazil. They speak the Xavante language, part of the Jê language family. History They were enslaved in the 18th century, after which they have tried to avoid contact. A temporary coexistence with westernized society in the 19th century in the state of Goiás,Giccaria, Bartolomeu. Xavante: Povo Autêntico. Editora Salesiana Dom Bosco, 1984, p. 35 was followed by withdrawal to Mato Grosso (between 1830–1860). They were "re-discovered" during the 1930s. From 1946 to 1957, they were brought under Getúlio Vargas’ National Integration Program, but still experienced massacres and disease. Due to this history, they have a distrust of non-Xavante people. Today they are still wary of any approach of non-Xavante, called "waradzu". The Xavante leader Mário Juruna was the first indigenous Brazilian to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xavante
The Xavante (also Shavante, Chavante, Akuen, A'uwe, Akwe, Awen, or Akwen) are an indigenous people, comprising 15,315 individuals within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso state in Brazil. They speak the Xavante language, part of the Jê language family. History They were enslaved in the 18th century, after which they have tried to avoid contact. A temporary coexistence with westernized society in the 19th century in the state of Goiás,Giccaria, Bartolomeu. Xavante: Povo Autêntico. Editora Salesiana Dom Bosco, 1984, p. 35 was followed by withdrawal to Mato Grosso (between 1830–1860). They were "re-discovered" during the 1930s. From 1946 to 1957, they were brought under Getúlio Vargas’ National Integration Program, but still experienced massacres and disease. Due to this history, they have a distrust of non-Xavante people. Today they are still wary of any approach of non-Xavante, called "waradzu". The Xavante leader Mário Juruna was the first indigenous Brazilian to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xavante Language
The Xavante language is an Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language ( Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Xavante people in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. The Xavante language is unusual in its phonology, its ergative object–agent–verb word order, and its use of honorary and endearment terms in its morphology. The Xavante people are approximately 18,380 individuals in 170 villages as of 2014, but the language is spoken by 9,600 people, of whom about 7,000 are monolingual. The current speakers, made up of all ages, use the language vigorously and hold positive attitudes towards Xavante. Background Xavante is a language in the Jê family, spoken in Mato Grosso, in the west part of Brazil. It has been orthographically rendered as Chavante and Shavante, and is also called Akuen, Akwen, A’uwe Uptabi, A’we, Crisca, Pusciti, and Tapuac. History The Xavante people originate from the east of the Araguaia River, in what was then called the province of Goias. In the early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xavante People
The Xavante (also Shavante, Chavante, Akuen, A'uwe, Akwe, Awen, or Akwen) are an indigenous people, comprising 15,315 individuals within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso state in Brazil. They speak the Xavante language, part of the Jê language family. History They were enslaved in the 18th century, after which they have tried to avoid contact. A temporary coexistence with westernized society in the 19th century in the state of Goiás,Giccaria, Bartolomeu. Xavante: Povo Autêntico. Editora Salesiana Dom Bosco, 1984, p. 35 was followed by withdrawal to Mato Grosso (between 1830–1860). They were "re-discovered" during the 1930s. From 1946 to 1957, they were brought under Getúlio Vargas’ National Integration Program, but still experienced massacres and disease. Due to this history, they have a distrust of non-Xavante people. Today they are still wary of any approach of non-Xavante, called "waradzu". The Xavante leader Mário Juruna was the first indigenous Brazilian t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jê Languages
The Jê languages (also spelled Gê, Jean, Ye, Gean), or Jê–Kaingang languages, are spoken by the Jê, a group of indigenous peoples in Brazil. Genetic relations The Jê family forms the core of the Macro-Jê family. Kaufman (1990) finds the proposal convincing. Family division According to Ethnologue (which omits Jeikó), the language family is as follows: * Jeikó (†) * Northern Jê ** Apinayé (2,300 speakers) ** Mẽbengokre (Kayapó) (8,638 speakers) ** Panará (Kreen Akarore) (380 speakers) ** Suyá (350 speakers) ** Timbira (Canela-Krayô, with the Canela and Kreye dialects) (5,100 speakers) * Central Jê ** Acroá (†) ** Xavante (9,600 speakers) ** Xerente (1,810 speakers) ** Xakriabá (†) * Southern Jê ** Xokleng (760 speakers) ** Kaingáng *** Kaingáng (18,000 speakers) *** São Paulo Kaingáng (†) *** Ingain (†) *** Guayana (†) Ramirez (2015) Internal classification of the Jê languages according to Ramirez, et al. (2015): ;Jê *Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population. In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. It is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East–West cultural, ling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIL International
SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is an evangelical Christian non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development. Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, '' Ethnologue'', of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro. Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas. History William Cameron Townsend, a Presbyterian minister, founded the organization in 1934, after undertaking a Christian mission with the Disciples of Christ among the Kaqchikel Maya people in Guatemala in the early 1930s.George Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choke (Sepultura Song)
"Choke" is Sepultura's tenth official single, and the first of three to be taken from the album ''Against'', released in 1998. This is the band's first single with Derrick Green on vocals. It is still played in concerts. The video for the single was filmed at Green's first concert with the band, and can be found on the DVD ''Live In São Paulo''. The cover artwork simply shows the four member of the band during the same performance. It is their last single to chart in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 91. Releases The single was released on CD and 12" picture disc. Track listing CD #"Choke" #"Gene Machine/Don't Bother Me" ( Bad Brains cover) #"Against" (demo version) 12" vinyl #"Choke" #"Gene Machine/Don't Bother Me" ( Bad Brains cover) #"Against" (demo version) Personnel * Derrick Green – lead vocals, rhythm guitar * Andreas Kisser – lead guitar *Paulo Jr. – bass * Igor Cavalera – drums *Produced by Howard Benson and Sepultura *Recorded and engineered by Carlo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Against (album)
''Against'' is the seventh studio album by the Brazilian metal band Sepultura, released in 1998 through Roadrunner Records. It is the band's first release with new frontman Derrick Green, who replaced group founder Max Cavalera in 1997. Album information Like '' Roots'' that preceded it, the album has a variety of guest musicians and incorporates tribal influences – Japanese percussion elements are added with the assistance of Japanese taiko group Kodo. The songs "Against", " Choke" and " Tribus" were released as singles, with a music video accompanying "Choke". The video featured footage from the ''Barulho Contra Fome'' (''Noise Against Hunger'') concert that was the first gig of the ''Against'' tour. This performance included guest appearances from the Xavantes tribe, who had featured on ''Roots'' (as documented in the "Choke" video) as well as Mike Patton, Jason Newsted, Carlinhos Brown, original Sepultura guitarist Jairo Guedz and Coffin Joe (whose "blessing" of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roots (Sepultura Album)
''Roots'' is the sixth studio album by Brazilian metal band Sepultura. It was released in Europe on and in the U.S. three weeks later on March 12 by Roadrunner Records. It is the band's last studio album to feature founding member and vocalist/rhythm guitarist Max Cavalera. Following the shift to slower tempos and Latin-tinged rhythms on the album '' Chaos A.D.'', ''Roots'' delves even further into Brazilian musical textures and features significant contributions from iconic Brazilian musician Carlinhos Brown, who guided and arranged the sections throughout the album that feature ensemble percussion playing. Both in sound and overall aesthetic, ''Roots'' is also a conscious nod to Brazil's marginalized indigenous population and cultures. The song "Itsári" features a Xavante chant that re-appears on the song "Born Stubborn" and serves as a loose thematic thread for the whole album, which on the whole showcases the band's increased affinity for experimentation and collaboration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepultura
Sepultura (, "grave")Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 17. is a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte. Formed in 1984 by brothers Max and Igor Cavalera,Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 16. the band was a major force in the groove metal, thrash metal and death metal genres during the late 1980s and early 1990s, with their later experiments drawing influence from alternative metal, world music, nu metal, Dimery 2006 pg 782, "''Drawing on Brazilian Latin and tribal music, nu-metal, and Sepultura's own thrash/death style, the results were unique,''" hardcore punk, and industrial metal. Archived aSepultura.be Sepultura has also been credited as one of the second wave of thrash metal acts from the late 1980s to early-to-mid-1990s. The band has had several lineup changes throughout its existence, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1996 and 2006, respectively. Sepultura's current lineup consists of vocalist Derrick Green (who replaced Max in 1997), guitarist Andreas Kisser, ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heavy Metal Music
Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and United States. With roots in blues rock, psychedelic rock and acid rock, heavy metal bands developed a thick, monumental sound characterized by distorted guitars, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats and loudness. In 1968, three of the genre's most famous pioneers – Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple – were founded. Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics. Several American bands modified heavy metal into more accessible forms during the 1970s: the raw, sleazy sound and shock rock of Alice Cooper and Kiss; the blues-rooted rock of Aerosmith; and the flashy guitar leads and party rock of Van Halen. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence,Walser (1993), p. 6 while Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earlobe
The human earlobe (''lobulus auriculae''), the lower portion of the outer ear, is composed of tough areolar and adipose connective tissues, lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the auricle (the external structure of the ear). In some cases the lower lobe is connected to the side of the face. Since the earlobe does not contain cartilage it has a large blood supply and may help to warm the ears and maintain balance. However, earlobes are not generally considered to have any major biological function. The earlobe contains many nerve endings, and for some people is an erogenous zone. The zoologist Desmond Morris in his book ''The Naked Ape'' (1967) conjectured that the lobes developed as an additional erogenous zone to facilitate the extended sexuality necessary in the evolution of human monogamous pair bonding. Organogenesis The earlobe, as a body part built of epithelium and connective tissue, might appear to be derived from dermatome. But this is not the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
