Chapter 9 Institution
Chapter Nine Institutions refer to a group of organisations established in terms of Chapter 9 of the South African Constitution to guard democracy. The institutions are: * the Public Protector * the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) * the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities (CRL Rights Commission) * the Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) * the Auditor-General * the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) * an Independent Authority to Regulate Broadcasting. Though chapter nine calls for a broadcast regulator it does not specifically mandate the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA). Interpretations vary on whether ICASA is a Chapter 9 institution or not. Parliamentary review In October 2006 an ''ad hoc'' parliamentary In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Ocean; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini; and it encloses Lesotho. Covering an area of , the country has Demographics of South Africa, a population of over 64 million people. Pretoria is the administrative capital, while Cape Town, as the seat of Parliament of South Africa, Parliament, is the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein is regarded as the judicial capital. The largest, most populous city is Johannesburg, followed by Cape Town and Durban. Cradle of Humankind, Archaeological findings suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa about 2.5 million years ago, and modern humans inhabited the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Constitution Of South Africa
The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, it sets out the human rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the Government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 general election. It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18 December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993. The first constitution was enacted by the South Africa Act 1909, the longest-lasting to date. Since 1961, the constitutions have promulgated a republican form of government. Since 1997, the Constitution has been amended by eighteen amendments. The Constitution is formally entitled the "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996." It was previously also numbered as if it were an Act of ParliamentAct No. 108 of 1996but, since the passage of the Citation ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Democracy
Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive Election, elections while more expansive or maximalist definitions link democracy to guarantees of civil liberties and human rights in addition to competitive elections. In a direct democracy, the people have the direct authority to Deliberation, deliberate and decide legislation. In a representative democracy, the people choose governing officials through elections to do so. The definition of "the people" and the ways authority is shared among them or delegated by them have changed over time and at varying rates in different countries. Features of democracy oftentimes include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, association, personal property, freedom of religion and freedom of speech, speech, citizenship, consent of the governe ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Public Protector
The Public Protector in South Africa is one of six independent state institutions set up by the country's Constitution to support and defend democracy. According to Section 181 of the Constitution: * These institutions are independent, and subject only to the Constitution and the law. According to the Constitution, they must be impartial and must exercise their powers and perform their functions without fear, favour or prejudice. * Other organs of state, through legislative and other measures, must assist and protect these institutions to ensure the independence, impartiality, dignity and effectiveness of these institutions. * No person or organ of state may interfere with the functioning of these institutions. * These institutions are accountable to the National Assembly, and must report on their activities and the performance of their functions to the Assembly at least once a year. Public Protectors The first person to hold the office was Selby Baqwa, appointed on the incep ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
South African Human Rights Commission
The South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) was inaugurated in October 1995 as an independent chapter nine institution. It draws its mandate from the South African Constitution by way of the Human Rights Commission Act of 1994. Commissioners A seven-year term is given to appointees. 2009/2010 Seven commissioners were appointed for a seven-year term in 2009/2010, namely Adv Lawrence Mushwana, Dr Pregaluxmi Govender, Ms Lindiwe Mokate, Adv Bokankatla Malatji, Adv Loyiso Mpumlwana, Ms Janet Love (part-time) and Dr Danfred Titus (part-time). Mushwana, who was previously the Public Protector, was elected Chairperson and Govender was elected Deputy Chairperson in October 2009. In July 2010, the National Assembly's justice committee decided unanimously that Mpumlwana's failure to disclose a civil judgement against him during the nomination process meant that he was not fit and proper to serve on the SAHRC. In February 2014, Advocate Mohamed Shafie Ameermia was appointed ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Commission For The Promotion And Protection Of The Rights Of Cultural, Religious And Linguistic Communities
The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities (CRL Rights Commission) is an independent chapter nine institution in South Africa. It draws its mandate from the South African Constitution by way of the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities Act of 2002. Mandate The CRL Rights Commission is mandated "to promote respect for and further the protection of the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities; promote and develop peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance, national unity among and within cultural, religious and linguistic communities on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association; to promote the right of communities to develop their historically diminished heritage and to recognise community councils". Vision and mission The vision of the CRL Rights Commission is "a united South African nation that protects and promo ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Commission For Gender Equality
In-Commission or commissioning may refer to: Business and contracting * Commission (remuneration), a form of payment to an agent for services rendered ** Commission (art), the purchase or the creation of a piece of art most often on behalf of another * A contract for performance or creation of a specific work * Commissioning (other), a process or service provided to validate the completeness and accuracy of a project or venture Government Civil * A government agency, regulatory agency or statutory authority which operates under the authority of a board of commissioners, including: ** Independent agencies of the United States government *An executive branch of government, often with characteristics of other branches of government: ** Town commissioners, elected local government bodies established in urban areas in Ireland in the 19th century ** City commission, a form of local government (common in the United States) ** The European Commission, a body incorporating featur ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Auditor-General (South Africa)
The Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA) is an office established by the 1996 Constitution of South Africa and is one of the Chapter nine institutions intended to support democracy, although its history dates back at least 100 years. Tsakani Maluleke took over as Auditor-General on 1 December 2020. She replaced Thembekile Kimi Makwetu, Thembekile Makwetu who was deputy auditor-general until he took over from Terence Mncedisi Nombembe, Terence Nombembe whose contract ended in December 2013. Nombembe, who also served as deputy auditor-general prior to his appointment, replaced Shauket Fakie on his retirement in December 2006. Mandate The Auditor-General, a "watchdog over the government," is an ombudsman-type office similar to that of the Public Protector, but with much more limited jurisdiction. The focus of the office is not inefficient or improper bureaucratic conduct but the proper use and management of public money. Section 188 of the Constitution states that the Auditor-G ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Independent Electoral Commission (South Africa)
The Electoral Commission of South Africa (often referred to as the Independent Electoral Commission or IEC) is South Africa's election management body, an independent organisation established under chapter nine of the Constitution. It conducts elections to the National Assembly, provincial legislatures and municipal councils. An interim Electoral Commission was created in 1993 to manage the first non-racial election of the national and provincial legislatures, which was held on 26 to 29 April 1994. The permanent Electoral Commission was established on 17 October 1996. The Commission has been chaired by Johann Kriegler (1997–1999), Brigalia Bam (1999–2011), Pansy Tlakula (2011–2014), Glen Mashinini (2015–2022), and Mosotho Moepya (2022–present). History Interim Independent Electoral Commission Under the apartheid government, elections in South Africa were administered by the Department of Home Affairs, under the Electoral Act of 1979. Election management ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Independent Communications Authority Of South Africa
The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) is an independent regulatory body of the South African government, established in 2000 by the ICASA Act to regulate both the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors in the public interest. Traditionally, telecommunications and broadcasting services operated separately and so has the regulation of the sectors. Broadcasting in South Africa was regulated by the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), whereas telecommunications was regulated by the South African Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (SATRA). Rapid technological developments have led to the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications services. This also had an influence on the convergence of regulation resulting in the merging of the IBA and SATRA. ICASA functions under the Department of Communications (DoC). It was initially composed of seven Council members. The ICASA amendment Act of 2006 included the Postal services, previously regulat ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Parliament Of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital city, capital. Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameralism, bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly (South Africa), National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current 28th South African Parliament, twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024. From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African Whites in South Africa, white minority. The first elections with universal suffrage were held in South African general election, 1994, 1994. Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A 2022 Parliament of South Africa fire, fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that the National Assembly would temporarily m ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Chapter Nine Institutions
Chapter Nine Institutions refer to a group of organisations established in terms of Chapter 9 of the South African Constitution to guard democracy. The institutions are: * the Public Protector * the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) * the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities (CRL Rights Commission) * the Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) * the Auditor-General * the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) * an Independent Authority to Regulate Broadcasting. Though chapter nine calls for a broadcast regulator it does not specifically mandate the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA). Interpretations vary on whether ICASA is a Chapter 9 institution or not. Parliamentary review In October 2006 an ''ad hoc'' parliamentary In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |