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Chakavian
Chakavian or Čakavian (, , , proper name: or own name: ''čokovski, čakavski, čekavski'') is a South Slavic supradialect or language spoken by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Dalmatia, Istria, Croatian Littoral and parts of coastal and southern Central Croatia (now collectively referred to as Adriatic Croatia or Littoral Croatia), as well as by the Burgenland Croats as Burgenland Croatian in southeastern Austria, northwestern Hungary and southwestern Slovakia as well as few municipalities in southern Slovenia on the border with Croatia. Chakavian represents the basis for early literary standards in Croatia, and until the modern age was simply known and understood, along with the Kajkavian and Shtokavian idioms in Croatia, as the Croatian language (''hrvatski jezik''). Legal and liturgical to literary texts until the 16th century, including literary work by "the father of Croatian literature" Marko Marulić and the first Croatian dictionar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwestern Istrian
Southwestern Istrian (), also known as ''Chakavian-Shtokavian'', ''Shtokavian-Chakavian'', or ''Shtakavian-Chakavian ikavian'' (), is one of the dialects of the Chakavian language in Istria, Croatia. Josip Lisac, ''Hrvatska dijalektologija 2: Čakavsko narječje'', 2009, Golden marketing / Tehnička knjiga, str. 51-72. Through the history there were different hypotheses which classified it, besides in Chakavian, instead in Shtokavian, because it is a transitional dialect.Sanja Holjevac, Govor Barbanštine (prilog za opis jugozapadnoga istarskoga ili štokavsko-čakavskoga dijalekta), Lina Pliško, Govor Barbanštine', 2001, časopis Fluminensia, god. 13 br. 1-2, str. 149-154 Josip Lisac, Nastanak i razvoj jugozapadnoga istarskog dijalekta', 2003, časopis ''Nova Istra'', br. 8 Josip Lisac, Tri dijalekta triju narječja kao najizrazitiji primjeri migracija u hrvatskome jeziku', 2009, Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik, br. 15, str. 149-150Lina Pliško, Jugozapadni istarski ili štakav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shtokavian
Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige supradialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. It is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum. Its name comes from the form for the interrogative pronoun for "what" . This is in contrast to Kajkavian and Chakavian ( and also meaning "what"). Shtokavian is spoken in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, much of Croatia, and the southern part of Austria's Burgenland. The primary subdivisions of Shtokavian are based on three principles: one is different accents whether the subdialect is Old-Shtokavian or Neo-Shtokavian, second is the way the old Slavic phoneme ''yat'' has changed (Ikavian, Ijekavian or Ekavian), and third is presence of Young Proto-Slavic isogloss (Schakavian or Shtakavian). Modern dialectology generally recognises seven Shtokavian subdialects. Early h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Slavic Languages
The South Slavic languages are one of three branches of the Slavic languages. There are approximately 30 million speakers, mainly in the Balkans. These are separated geographically from speakers of the other two Slavic branches (West Slavic languages, West and East Slavic languages, East) by a belt of German language, German, Hungarian language, Hungarian and Romanian language, Romanian speakers. History The first South Slavic language to be written (also the first attested Slavic language) was the variety of the Eastern South Slavic spoken in Thessaloniki, now called Old Church Slavonic, in the ninth century. It is retained as a liturgical language in Slavic Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox churches in the form of various local Church Slavonic language, Church Slavonic traditions. Classification The South Slavic languages constitute a Dialect continuum#South Slavic continuum, dialect continuum. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin constitute a single dialect wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burgenland Croatian
Burgenland Croatian is a regional variety of the Chakavian dialect of Croatian language, Croatian spoken in Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Burgenland Croatian is recognized as a minority language in the Austrian state of Burgenland, where it is spoken by 19,412 people according to official reports (2001). Many of the Burgenland Croatian speakers in Austria also live in Vienna and Graz, due to the process of urbanization, which is mostly driven by the poor economic situation of large parts of Burgenland. Smaller Croatian minorities in western Hungary, southwestern Slovakia, and southern Czech Republic are often also called Burgenland Croats. They use the Burgenland Croatian written language and are historically and culturally closely connected to the Austrian Croats. The representatives of the Burgenland Croats estimate their total number in all three countries and emigration at around 70,000. Dialects * Štoj dialect: dialect of the Croatian folklore grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Chakavian
Southern Chakavian () or Ikavian Chakavian is a dialect of the Chakavian variety of Croatian. It is spoken in the area south of the Central Chakavian area, in a narrow strip of Dalmatian littoral and the neighbouring islands: outskirts of Split and Zadar; Korčula, Pelješac, Brač, Hvar, Vis and Šolta. It is also present in the Northwestern part of Istria. The speech of Split originally belonged to this dialect, but under the influence of Shtokavian immigrants and standard Croatian promoted by the state media, a local variant that has lost many of characteristic Chakavian traits developed, even though a part of older population retains Chakavian in their speech. Much speech in this dialect mixes Chakavian and Shtokavian features. It is assumed that in the past this dialect covered larger territory in the hinterland, being gradually suppressed by constant migrations who carried Shtokavian speech at its cost. Common Slavic yat phoneme had a reflex of /i/ in this dialect. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buzet Dialect
The Buzet dialect (; also known as ''buzetsko-gornjomiranski'' or ''gornjomiranski'') is a sub-dialect of the Chakavian dialect in Croatia. It is spoken in northern Istria around Buzet. The Buzet dialect is a natural transition between Chakavian, Kajkavian and the Slovenian language Slovene ( or ) or Slovenian ( ; ) is a South Slavic language of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. Most of its 2.5 million speakers are the inhabitants of Slovenia, the majority of them ethnic Slovenes. As Slo .... Initially some considered it part of the Kajkavian language area, in the past it was also classified (e.g. by Fran Ramovš) as a Slovene dialect, but other linguists, including Mieczysław Małecki and Pavle Ivić among others, managed to rightly define it as Chakavian and part of the literary Serbo-Croatian language. The primary features that separate Buzet dialect from the rest of the Chakavian dialects are in the development of the Common Slav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Chakavian
Central Chakavian (also translated as Middle Chakavian; ) is a dialect of the Chakavian variety of Croatian. It is spoken on the islands Dugi, Kornati, Lošinj, Krk, Rab, Ugljan (except the southernmost Southern Chakavian village of Kukljica, exhibiting many shared features with Ugljan's otherwise Central Chakavian dialects) Pag, on the land the cities of Vinodol, Ogulin, Brinje, Otočac, the area around Duga Resa, part of Central and Northeastern Istria (including Čičarija dialect in Slovenian part), and Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki (Oštrc, Črešnjevec pri Oštrcu, Črneča Vas, Vrtača, Vrbje) in Slovenia. This dialect is peculiar for its mixed Ikavian–Ekavian reflex of Common Slavic yat Yat or jat (Ѣ ѣ; italics: ''Ѣ ѣ'') is the thirty-second letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet, old Cyrillic alphabet. It is usually Romanization, romanized as E with a haček: ''Ě ě''. There is also another version of y ... vowel, which was go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burgenland Croats
Burgenland Croats (, , , ) are ethnic Croats in the Austrian state of Burgenland, along with Croats in neighboring Hungary and Slovakia. Around 320,000 residents of Austria identify as of Croat heritage; 56,785 have, as sole or multiple nationality, Croatian citizenship as at 2017. Between 87,000 and 130,000 of them are Burgenland Croats. Since 1993, Croatian organizations have appointed their representatives to the Council for National Minorities of the Austrian government. History The to-be Burgenland Croats began to emigrate from Lika, Krbava, Kordun, Banovina, Moslavina and Western Bosnia. These areas were occupied by the Turks (Ottomans) during the Turkish wars (1533–1584). The refugee Croats were given land and independent ecclesiastical rights by the Austrian King Ferdinand I, because many of their villages had been pillaged by the Turks. This gave the Croats a safe place to live while providing Austria with a buffer zone between Vienna and the Ottoman Empi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Chakavian
Northern Chakavian () is a dialect of the Chakavian variety of Croatian. It is spoken in eastern Istria, outskirts of Žminj and Pazin, Croatian Littoral up to Bakar, on the islands of Cres and northern Lošinj, north of Central Chakavian. The speech of the major Croatian city Rijeka used to belong to this dialect, but under the influence of Shtokavian immigrants a local idiom developed that lost most of the characteristical Chakavian features. In this dialect Common Slavic yat Yat or jat (Ѣ ѣ; italics: ''Ѣ ѣ'') is the thirty-second letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet, old Cyrillic alphabet. It is usually Romanization, romanized as E with a haček: ''Ě ě''. There is also another version of y ... phoneme yielded /e/, and only exceptionally /i/ (e.g. 'maiden, girl' < Common Slavic ). References * {{Chakavian dialects Croatian dialects[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croats
The Croats (; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central Europe, Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Croatia, culture, History of Croatia, history and Croatian language, language. They also form a sizeable minority in several neighboring countries, namely Croats of Slovenia, Slovenia, Burgenland Croats, Austria, the Croats in the Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Croats in Germany, Germany, Croats of Hungary, Hungary, Croats of Italy, Italy, Croats of Montenegro, Montenegro, Croats of Romania, Romania, Croats of Serbia, Serbia and Croats in Slovakia, Slovakia. Due to political, social and economic reasons, many Croats migrated to North and South America as well as New Zealand and later Australia, establishing a Croatian diaspora, diaspora in the aftermath of World War II, with grassroots assistance from earlier communities an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Language
Croatian (; ) is the standard language, standardised Variety (linguistics)#Standard varieties, variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by Croats. It is the national official language and literary standard of Croatia, one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, the European Union and a recognized minority language elsewhere in Serbia and other neighbouring countries. In the mid-18th century, the first attempts to provide a Croatian literary standard began on the basis of the Neo-Shtokavian dialect that served as a supraregional lingua franca – pushing back regional Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian vernaculars. The decisive role was played by Croatian Vukovians, who cemented the usage of Ijekavian Neo-Shtokavian as the literary standard in the late 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to designing a phonological orthography. Croatian is written in Gaj's Latin alphabet. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
