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Cesia (visual Appearance)
Cesia is the name given to visual appearances related to the perception of different spatial distributions of light. Light radiation that is not absorbed by an object can be reflected or transmitted either diffusely or regularly. These interactions of light with matter are perceived with a greater or lesser degree of Gloss (optics), gloss (from a mirror to a matte surface, as the extremes), more or less transparent, translucent or opaque, at different levels of darkness (according to the light-dark axis). Background and development of the concept This is the same kind of phenomenon that Richard S. Hunter (1969) calls "geometric attributes of appearance". The advantage is that the concept of cesia encompasses all the involved aspects in a single word, and that all cesias have been organized in a three-dimensional order system according to three axes of variation, similar to color order systems or color models. Before Richard Hunter, who also developed instruments for the measu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L01eng1
L, or l, is the twelfth Letter (alphabet), letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is English alphabet#Letter names, ''el'' (pronounced ), plural ''els''. History Lamedh may have come from a pictogram of an ox goad or cattle prod. Some have suggested that it represents a shepherd's staff. Typographic variants In most sans-serif typefaces, the lowercase letter ''ell'' , written as the glyph , may be difficult to distinguish from the uppercase letter "eye" (written as the glyph ); in some serif typefaces, the glyph may be confused with the glyph , the digit ''1 (number), one''. To avoid such confusion, some newer computer fonts (such as Trebuchet MS) have a finial (typography), finial, a curve to the right at the bottom of the lowercase letter ''ell''. Other style variants are provided in script typefaces and display typefaces. All the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distinctness Of Image
Distinctness of image (DOI) is a quantification of the deviation of the direction of light propagation from the regular direction by scattering during transmission or reflection. DOI is sensitive to even subtle scattering effects; the more light is being scattered out of the regular direction the more the initially sharp (well defined) image is blurred (that is, small details are lost). In polluted air it is the sum of all particles of various dimensions (dust, aerosols, vapor, etc.) that induces haze.Fan, Charles H. "Validation of Orange Peel Measurement of Paint Appearance on Composite Substrates" General Motors Corporation DOI is measured to characterize the visual appearance of polished high- gloss surfaces such as automotive car finishes, mirrors, beyond the capabilities of gloss. Other appearance Appearance may refer to: * Visual appearance, the way in which objects reflect and transmit light * Human physical appearance, what someone looks like * ''Appearances'' (film), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The ''law of reflection'' says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected. In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors. Reflection of light Reflection of light is either '' specular'' (mirror-like) or '' diffuse'' (retai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paint Sheen
Sheen is a measure of the reflected light ( glossiness) from a paint finish. ''Glossy'' and ''flat'' (or ''matte'') are typical extreme levels of glossiness of a finish. Gloss paint is shiny and reflects most light in the specular (mirror-like) direction, while on flat paints most of the light diffuses in a range of angles. The gloss level of paint can also affect its apparent colour. Between those extremes, there are a number of intermediate gloss levels. Their common names, from the most dull to the most shiny, include ''matte'', ''eggshell'', ''satin'', ''silk'', ''semi-gloss'' and ''high gloss''. These terms are not standardized, and not all manufacturers use all these terms. Terminology Firwood, a UK paint manufacturer measures gloss as percentages of light reflected from an emitted source back into an apparatus from specified angles, ranging between 60° and 20° depending on the reflectivity. With very low gloss levels (such as matte finishes), a 60° angle is too grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lustre Prints
Lustre print is a photograph or artwork with a finish between glossy and matte. Some companies use the term semi-glossy. Lustre photo prints are a hybrid of glossy photo prints and matte photo prints. Lustre photo prints have rich colour saturation that gives a vibrant colour finish and, like matte photo prints, they are not vulnerable to fingerprints, whereas glossy photo prints are prone to fingerprints. See also *Coated paper Coated paper (also known as enamel paper, gloss paper, and thin paper) is paper that has been coated with a mixture of materials or a polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness, or reduced ink ab ... References Photographic techniques {{printmaking-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luster (textiles)
In textiles, lustre or luster is a physical property that makes them appear bright, glossy, and shiny. The amount of light reflected from the surface of a fiber is referred to as its luster. The level of luster is determined by how light reflects off the surface. For example, round surfaced fiber reflects more light and appears shinier than fiber with an irregular surface. Synthetic fibers with a more regular surface seem brighter than natural fibers with an irregular surface, with the exception of silk, which has a regular surface. In: Objective Luster is the degree of gloss or sheen possessed by the fiber or textile surface. Luster adds aesthetic values in fabrics, contributes to their attractiveness. Occasionally, this adds value to their quality assessment. In some cases, when lustre is undesirable, fibres are purposefully dulled by the addition of substances. Factors Factors affecting '' lustre (the way light reflects)'' lie with fiber properties, but various processe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frosted Glass
Frosted glass is produced by the sandblasting or acid Glass etching, etching of clear sheet glass. This creates a pitted surface on one side of the glass pane and has the effect of rendering the glass translucent by scattering the light which passes through, thus Visual Appearance, blurring images while still transmitting light. It has 10–20% opacity. General applications include: * To achieve visual privacy while still allowing light to pass through. * To create decorative patterns on plain glass by using wax or other inhibitors to retain Transparency (optics), transparent areas. * To distribute light uniformly in a photographic contact printer. * To create an airtight seal in tubes. * Decorative, aesthetic, or artistic intent. The frosted glass effect can also be achieved by the application of Polyvinyl chloride, vinyl film, used as a sort of stencil on the glass surface. "Photo-resist", or photo-resistant film is also available, which can be produced to mask off the ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distinctness Of Image
Distinctness of image (DOI) is a quantification of the deviation of the direction of light propagation from the regular direction by scattering during transmission or reflection. DOI is sensitive to even subtle scattering effects; the more light is being scattered out of the regular direction the more the initially sharp (well defined) image is blurred (that is, small details are lost). In polluted air it is the sum of all particles of various dimensions (dust, aerosols, vapor, etc.) that induces haze.Fan, Charles H. "Validation of Orange Peel Measurement of Paint Appearance on Composite Substrates" General Motors Corporation DOI is measured to characterize the visual appearance of polished high- gloss surfaces such as automotive car finishes, mirrors, beyond the capabilities of gloss. Other appearance Appearance may refer to: * Visual appearance, the way in which objects reflect and transmit light * Human physical appearance, what someone looks like * ''Appearances'' (film), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opacity (optics)
Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a plasma, dielectric, shielding material, glass, etc. An opaque object is neither transparent (allowing all light to pass through) nor translucent (allowing some light to pass through). When light strikes an interface between two substances, in general, some may be reflected, some absorbed, some scattered, and the rest transmitted (also see refraction). Reflection can be diffuse, for example light reflecting off a white wall, or specular, for example light reflecting off a mirror. An opaque substance transmits no light, and therefore reflects, scatters, or absorbs all of it. Other categories of visual appearance, related to the perception of regular or diffuse reflection and transmission of light, have been organized under the concept of cesia in an order sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transparency And Translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without appreciable scattering of light. On a macroscopic scale (one in which the dimensions are much larger than the wavelengths of the photons in question), the photons can be said to follow Snell's law. Translucency (also called translucence or translucidity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material (with or without scattering of light). It allows light to pass through but the light does not necessarily follow Snell's law on the macroscopic scale; the photons may be scattered at either of the two interfaces, or internally, where there is a change in the index of refraction. In other words, a translucent material is made up of components with different indices of refraction. A transparent material is made up of components with a uniform index of refraction. Transparent materials appear clear, with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
