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Cerchia Dei Navigli
The Cerchia dei Navigli was the floodable defensive moat of the medieval walls of Milan, with its southeastern part transformed into a , or navigable canal. For this reason, it was also known as the Naviglio Interno, Fossa Interna, or Cerchia Interna. Measuring 6.5 km in length and 9 m in width in its navigable section, it was completely filled in accordance with the , Milan's first urban plan, starting on 16 March 1929, with works concluding the following year. The Cerchia dei Navigli, as a whole, was a ring of water encircling the medieval historic centre of Milan, hence its name. Description Constructed as a defensive moat starting in 1156 and transformed into a Naviglio in its southeastern part between 1387 and 1496 through canalization and expansion works commissioned by the Visconti and Sforza families, it served as the hub of the Navigli, Navigli system of Milan. The only part of the Cerchia dei Navigli that remained a simple, non-navigable moat was the section towards th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Nepomuk
John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) (; ; ) ( 1345 – 20 March 1393) was a saint of Bohemia (a western part of what is now the Czech Republic) who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Later accounts state that he was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia and refused to divulge the secrets of the confessional. On the basis of this account, John of Nepomuk is considered the first martyr of the Seal of the Confessional and the Catholic Church, Seal of the Confessional, a patron against defamation, calumnies and, because of the manner of his death, a protector from floods and drowning. Basic biographical information Jan z Pomuku came from the small market town of ''Pomuk'' (later renamed Nepomuk) in Bohemia, now in the Czech Republic, which belonged to the nearby Cistercian abbey. Born in the 1340s, his father was called ''Velflín,'' while his mother is unknown. His father's name was probably derived from the German name ''Wolfgang''. Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximian
Maximian (; ), nicknamed Herculius, was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' from 285 to 286, then ''Augustus (title), Augustus'' from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his co-emperor and superior, Diocletian, whose political brain complemented Maximian's military brawn. Maximian established his residence at Trier but spent most of his time on campaign. In late 285, he suppressed rebels in Gaul known as the Bagaudae. From 285 to 288, he fought against Germanic tribes along the Rhine frontier. Together with Diocletian, he launched a scorched earth campaign deep into Alamannic territory in 288, refortifying the frontier. The man he appointed to police the English Channel, Channel shores, Carausius, rebelled in 286, causing the secession of Britain and northwestern Gaul. Maximian failed to oust Carausius, and his invasion fleet was destroyed by storms in 289 or 290. Maximian's subordinate Constantius Chlorus, Constantius campaigned against Cara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filippo Maria Visconti
Filippo Maria Visconti (3 September 1392 – 13 August 1447) was the duke of Duchy of Milan, Milan from 1412 to 1447. Reports stated that he was "paranoid", but "shrewd as a ruler." He went to war in the 1420s with Romagna, Republic of Florence, Florence, and Republic of Venice, Venice in the Wars in Lombardy but was eventually forced to surrender under Pope Martin V. He would return to war again, where another peace agreement was required to stop the war. He married twice and his second wife was Marie of Savoy, Duchess of Milan, Marie, whom he married in 1428. Marie was the daughter of his ally Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, Amadeus VIII. When he died, Fillippo was the last of the Visconti male line and was succeeded by Francesco I Sforza, Francesco Sforza, husband to his natural daughter Bianca Maria Visconti, birth by his mistress Agnese del Maino. Biography In 1402, when Filippo Maria was ten years old, his father died from plague, and his brother, 14-year-old Gian Maria, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Gian Galeazzo Visconti (16 October 1351 – 3 September 1402), was the first duke of Duchy of Milan, Milan (1395) and ruled that late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance. He also ruled Lombardy jointly with his uncle Bernabò Visconti, Bernabò. He was the founding patron of the Certosa di Pavia, completing the Visconti Castle (Pavia), Visconti Castle at Pavia begun by his Galeazzo II Visconti, father and furthering work on the Duomo of Milan. He captured a large territory of northern Italy and the Po valley. He threatened war with France in relation to the transfer of Genoa to French control as well as issues with his beloved daughter Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans, Valentina. When he died of fever in the Castello of Melegnano, his children fought with each other and fragmented the territories that he had ruled. Biography During his patronage of the Visconti Castle, he contributed to the growth of the collection of scientific treatises and richly ill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammer Mill
A hammer mill, hammer forge or hammer works was a workshop in the pre-industrial era that was typically used to manufacture semi-finished, wrought iron products or, sometimes, finished agricultural or mining tools, or military weapons. The feature that gave its name to these workshops was the water-driven trip hammer, or set of hammers, used in the process. The shaft, or 'helve', of the hammer was pivoted in the middle and the hammer head was lifted by the action of cams set on a rotating camshaft that periodically depressed the end of the shaft. As it rose and fell, the head of the hammer described an arc. The face of the hammer was made of iron for durability. Hammer mills These mills, which were original driven by water wheels, but later also by steam power, became increasingly common as tools became heavier over time and therefore more difficult to manufacture by hand. The hammer mills smelted iron ore using charcoal in so-called bloomeries (Georgius Agricola 1556, ''Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watermill
A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower. It is a structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as mill (grinding), milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the production of many material goods, including flour, lumber, paper, textiles, and many metal products. These watermills may comprise gristmills, sawmills, paper mills, textile mills, hammermills, trip hammering mills, rolling mills, and wire drawing mills. One major way to classify watermills is by wheel orientation (vertical or horizontal), one powered by a vertical waterwheel through a Gear train, gear mechanism, and the other equipped with a horizontal waterwheel without such a mechanism. The former type can be further subdivided, depending on where the water hits the wheel paddles, into undershot, overshot, breastshot and pitchback (backshot or reverse shot) waterwheel mills. Another way to classify water mills is by an essential tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonvesin De La Riva
Bonvesin da la Riva (; sometimes Italianized in spelling Bonvesino or Buonvicino; ) was an Italian Medieval writer and poet. Bonvesin was a notable Lombard poet and writer, giving one of the first known examples of the written Lombard language. He is often described as the "father" of the Lombard language. Biography A well-to-do Milanese lay member of the Ordine degli Umiliati (literally, "Order of the Humble Ones") Bonvesin was a teacher of (Latin) grammar in Legnano and in Milan. In 1291, he bought a house in the suburb of Porta Ticinese. There he dwelt and prospered, surviving two wives (Benghedice and Floramonte) and dying without issue between 1313 and 1315. In the interim, he had accumulated and preserved a comfortable capital, as we know from his two wills (of 1304 and 1313, respectively). In 1290, he loaned 200 lire (a denomination of much greater weight 700 years ago) to the Ospedale della Colombetta at a rate of 6 percent per annum to be received as an annuity by him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olona
The Olona (''Olona'' in Italian; ''Ulona'', ''Urona'' or ''Uòna'' in Western Lombard) is an Italian river belonging to the Po Basin, long, that runs through the Province of Varese and Metropolitan City of Milan whose course is developed entirely in Lombardy. The river born at 548 meters above sea level in the Fornaci della Riana locality at the Rasa of Varese, at the Sacro Monte di Varese, within the Campo dei Fiori Regional Park. After crossing the Valle Olona and the Alto Milanese, the Olona reaches Rho where it pours part of its water into the Canale Scolmatore Nord Ovest. After passing Pero, the river enters in Milan, where, at the exit of its underground route, it flows into the Lambro Meridionale, that flows into the Lambro at Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, in the quartier of San Cristoforo ending its course. Along the way, the water system formed by the Olona and the Lambro Meridionale crosses or laps 45 towns receiving the water of 19 tributaries. The Olona is known for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seveso (river)
The Seveso (; ) is a Italian river that flows through the provinces of Como, Monza e Brianza and Milan. It rises on Sasso di Cavallasca or Monte Sasso of Cavallasca, near San Fermo della Battaglia. From here its course runs through the communes Montano Lucino, Grandate, Civello, Casnate con Bernate, Portichetto, Fino Mornasco, Cucciago, Vertemate con Minoprio, Asnago, Carimate, Cimnago, Lentate sul Seveso, Camnago, Barlassina, Seveso, Cesano Maderno, Binzago, Bovisio-Masciago, Varedo, Palazzolo Milanese, Paderno Dugnano, Cusano Milanino, Cormano, Bresso. Finally, at Milan, it joins with the canal called the Naviglio Martesana which flows into the Lambro The Lambro ( or ''Lambar'' ) is a river of Lombardy, northern Italy, a left tributary of the Po. The Lambro rises from the Monte San Primo, elevation , near the Ghisallo, in the province of Como, not far from Lake Como. After Magreglio it fl .... The Seveso is sometimes called ''il fiume nero'', or "the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Bernardino Alle Ossa
San Bernardino alle Ossa is a church in Milan, northern Italy, best known for its ossuary, a small side chapel decorated with numerous human skulls and bones. In 1210, when an adjacent cemetery ran out of space, a room was built to hold bones. A church was attached in 1269. Renovated in 1679, it was destroyed by a fire in 1712. A new bigger church was then attached to the older one and dedicated to Saint Bernardino of Siena. History Early Origins The origins of San Bernardino alle Ossa can be traced back to a time long before the ossuary was built. The area itself has been significant for religious activity since the 4th century A.D. when Milan was a major hub of the Roman Empire. At that time, a cemetery and a small Christian church dedicated to Santo Stefano were established in this part of the city, which was situated just inside the Roman walls near Porta Romana. By the early medieval period, a hospital was built adjacent to this cemetery. The hospital, founded in 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Babila, Milan
San Babila is a Romanesque-style Roman Catholic church in Milan, region of Lombardy, Italy. It was once considered the third most important in the city after the Duomo and the Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio. It is dedicated to Saint Babylas of Antioch. History and description At the beginning of the 5th century, Marolus, the bishop of Milan, brought from Antioch to Milan relics of saints Babylas of Antioch and Romanus of Caesarea. Marolus founded the Basilica Concilia Sanctorum or church of San Romano, which stood until the 19th century, a few meters south of the church of San Babila, on the site of a Roman temple dedicated to the Sun. The church of San Babila was built on the same site in about 1095. In the 16th century, the church was extended with an additional construction at the front and a new baroque façade. The church still retains its original medieval fabric, although much was lost due to baroque and modern renovations. The whole complex was renovated in the 19th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
