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Center For Scientific And Technical Creativity Of The Youth
Centers for Scientific and Technical Creativity of the Youth (, NTTM) were established in the late Soviet Union during ''perestroika'' as enterprises whose goal was commercialization of science and technology. Other translations of the Russian term are Scientific and Technical Creativity of Youth Center, Youth Center for Scientific Creativity, etc. The Centers were introduced by a joint decree of the USSR Council of Ministers, All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, and Komsomol Central Committee no. 321 (March 13, 1987) "об образовании единой общегосударственной системы научно-технического творчества молодежи". They were established as subsidiaries of Komsomol '' raikoms''. The Centers enjoyed various benefits, including no taxes and only 3% contribution to the all-union fund. The fortunes of quite a few "new Russians", notably Mikhail Khodorkovsky,"Capitalism Russian-style", by Thane Gustafson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Khodorkovsky
Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (, ; born 26 June 1963), sometimes known by his initials MBK, is an exiled Russian businessman, Russian oligarchs, oligarch, and Russian opposition, opposition activist, now residing in London. In 2003, Khodorkovsky was believed to be the wealthiest man in Russia, with a fortune estimated to be worth $15billion, and was ranked 16th on Forbes list of billionaires, ''Forbes'' list of billionaires. He had worked his way up the Komsomol apparatus, during the Soviet years, and started several businesses during the period of ''glasnost'' and ''perestroika'' in the late 1980s. In 1989, he became Chairman of the Board of Bank Menatep, which he founded. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in the mid-1990s, he accumulated considerable wealth by obtaining control of a number of Siberian oil fields unified under the name Yukos, one of the major companies to emerge from the Privatization in Russia, privatization of state assets during the 1990s (a sche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Organizations Based In The Soviet Union
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (Maturity (psychological), maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined Chronology, chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having Human sexual activity, sexual relations. Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of Dependency theory, dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different Culture, cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of Russia
The economy of Russia is an Developing country, emerging and developing, World Bank high-income economy, high-income, industrialized, mixed economy, mixed Market economy, market-oriented economy. —Rosefielde, Steven, and Natalia Vennikova. "Fiscal Federalism in Russia: A Critique of the OECD Proposals". ''Cambridge Journal of Economics'', vol. 28, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 307–18, . —Robinson, Neil. "August 1998 and the Development of Russia's Post-Communist Political Economy". ''Review of International Political Economy'', vol. 16, no. 3, Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 2009, pp. 433–55, . —Charap, Samuel. “No Obituaries Yet for Capitalism in Russia". ''Current History'', vol. 108, no. 720, University of California Press, 2009, pp. 333–38, . —Rutland, Peter. "Neoliberalism and the Russian Transition". ''Review of International Political Economy'', vol. 20, no. 2, Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 2013, pp. 332–62, . —Kovalev, Alexandre, and Alexandre Sokalev. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of The Soviet Union
The economy of the Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, and Industrial engineering, industrial manufacturing. An administrative-command system managed a Soviet-type economic planning, distinctive form of Economic planning#Soviet Union, central planning. The Soviet economy was second only to the United States and was characterized by state control of investment, prices, a dependence on natural resources, lack of Final good, consumer goods, little foreign trade, public ownership of industrial assets, Economic stability, macroeconomic stability, low unemployment and high job security. Beginning 1930 in the Soviet Union, in 1930, the course of the economy of the Soviet Union was guided by a series of Five-year plans of the Soviet Union, five-year plans. By the 1950s, the Soviet Union had rapidly evolved from a mainly agrarian society into a major industrial power. Its transformative capacity meant communism consistently appea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Residential Complex
Youth Residential Complexes () were public housing, housing projects intended for young families and constructed by their future tenants themselves, subsidized by industrial enterprises. This approach existed since 1971 and it was a mass movement until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It was an attempt to alleviate the residential construction crisis in the late Soviet Union. Construction of Youth Residential Complexes continued in modern Russia, although based on a different business model, based on a market economy."Russia's Youth and Its Culture, by Hilary Pilkington, 1994, p. 98/ref> The first complex was built in Korolyov (city), Korolev City, one of Russian's naukograds (science cities). See also *Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of the Youth *Student construction brigade References Economy of the Soviet Union Youth organizations based in the Soviet Union {{youth-org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foundation Of Youth Initiatives
Foundation(s) or The Foundation(s) may refer to: Common uses * Foundation (cosmetics), a skin-coloured makeup cream applied to the face * Foundation (engineering), the element of a structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground * Foundation (evidence), a legal term * Foundation (nonprofit), a type of charitable organization ** Foundation (United States law), a type of charitable organization in the U.S. ** Private foundation, a charitable organization that might not qualify as a public charity by government standards Arts, entertainment, and media Film and TV * ''The Foundation'', a film about 1960s-1970s Aboriginal history in Sydney, featuring Gary Foley#Stage, film and TV, Gary Foley * The Foundation (1984 TV series), ''The Foundation'' (1984 TV series), a Hong Kong series * The Foundation (Canadian TV series), ''The Foundation'' (Canadian TV series), a 2009–2010 Canadian sitcom * The Foundation (Seinfeld), "The Foundation" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Russians
The New Russians ( tr. ''novye russkie'') is a cliché term referring to members of a newly rich social class in the Commonwealth of Independent States who made vast fortunes in the 1990s (also referred to as "the wild nineties") in Russia following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is perceived as a stereotypical caricature. According to the stereotype, "New Russians" achieved rapid wealth by using criminal methods during Russia's chaotic transition to a market economy. Not all New Russians are ethnically Russian. Initially a neutral designation, the term soon took on a negative and ironic connotation. It is used to describe people who became wealthy very quickly (often through dubious or illegal means), including major mafia figures, but who lack intelligence, culture, and sophistication. Despite their wealth, they retain the language and manners of the social strata from which they emerged. In the 1990s, "New Russians" became a staple of jokes that played on stereotypes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perestroika
''Perestroika'' ( ; rus, перестройка, r=perestrojka, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg, links=no) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his '' glasnost'' (meaning "transparency") policy reform. The literal meaning of ''perestroika'' is "restructuring," referring to the restructuring of the political economy of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Era of Stagnation. ''Perestroika'' allowed more independent actions from various ministries and introduced many market-like reforms. The purported goal of ''perestroika'' was not to end the planned economy, but rather to make socialism work more efficiently to better meet the needs of Soviet citizens by adopting elements of liberal economics. The process of implementing ''perestroika'' added to existing shortage and created political, social, and economic tensions wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raikom
The organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was based on the principles of democratic centralism. The governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the Party Congress, which initially met annually but whose meetings became less frequent, particularly under Joseph Stalin (dominant from the late 1920s to 1953). Party Congresses would elect a Central Committee which, in turn, would elect a Politburo and a Secretariat. Under Stalin, the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary, who was elected by the Politburo and Secretariat. In 1952 the ''Politburo'' became the ''Presidium''. In theory, supreme power in the party was invested in the Party Congress. However, in practice the power structure became reversed and, particularly after the death of Lenin in January 1924, supreme power became the domain of the General Secretary. Higher levels In the late Soviet Union the CPSU incorporated the communist parties of the 15 const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
