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Celebrity Branding
Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy which uses a celebrity's fame or social status to promote a product, brand or service, or to raise awareness about an issue. Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive image of the celebrity endorser will be passed on to the product's or brand's image. Non-profit organizations also use celebrities since a celebrity's frequent mass media coverage reaches a wider audience, thus making celebrities an effective ingredient in fundraising. History In the 1700s, Wedgwood, producers of fine chinaware, used royal endorsements as a marketing device to show value in the company and promote their product. In 1882, London socialite and West End stage actress Lillie Langtry became the poster-girl for Pears Soap, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product. In the late 1800s, trading cards were introduced, a card with an image of a celebrity and a product ...
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Advertising Campaign
An advertising campaign or marketing campaign is a series of advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an integrated marketing communication (IMC). An IMC is a platform in which a group of people can group their ideas, beliefs, and concepts into one large media base. Advertising campaigns utilize diverse media channels over a particular time frame and target identified audiences. The campaign theme is the central message that will be received in the promotional activities and is the prime focus of the advertising campaign, as it sets the motif for the series of individual advertisements and other marketing communications that will be used. The campaign themes are usually produced with the objective of being used for a significant period but many of them are temporal due to factors like being not effective or market conditions, competition and marketing mix. Advertising campaigns are built to accomplish a particular objective or a set of objectives. ...
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Free Agent
In professional sports, a free agent is a player or manager who is eligible to sign with other clubs or franchises; i.e., not under contract to any specific team. The term is also used in reference to a player who is under a contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams. In some circumstances, the free agent's options are limited by the league's rules. Free agency was severely restricted in many sports leagues, instead clubs had a reserve clause which allowed them to retain players indefinitely. Usage Association football In professional association football, a free agent is either a player that has been released by a professional association football club and now is no longer affiliated with any league, or a player whose contract with their current club has expired and is thus free to join any other club under the terms of the Bosman ruling. Free agents do not have to be signed during the normal transfer window that is implemented in some ...
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Journal Of Business Research
The ''Journal of Business Research'' is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on all aspects of business. It was established in 1973 and is published by Elsevier. The editors-in-chief are Dipayan Biswas (University of South Florida) and Mirella Kleijnen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences, PsycINFO/Psychological Abstracts, RePEc, Scopus, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2023 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 10.5 References External links * {{Official website, http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-business-research/ English-language journals ...
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Tennis
Tennis is a List of racket sports, racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles (tennis), singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles (tennis), doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket strung with a cord to strike a hollow rubber tennis ball, ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's tennis court, court. The object is to manoeuvre the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. If a player is unable to return the ball successfully, the opponent scores a Point (tennis), point. Playable at all levels of society and at all ages, tennis can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including Wheelchair tennis, wheelchair users. The original forms of tennis developed in France during the late Middle Ages. The modern form of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis. It had close connections to various field (lawn) games such as croqu ...
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Britney Spears
Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer. Often referred to as the "Princess of Pop", she has sold over 150 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. Cultural impact of Britney Spears, An influential figure in popular music, Spears became the best-selling teenage artist of all time, credited with the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Spears began her professional career in 1992 as a cast member of ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'' and signed with Jive Records five years later. Her first two studio albums, ''...Baby One More Time (album), ...Baby One More Time'' (1999) and ''Oops!... I Did It Again (album), Oops!... I Did It Again'' (2000), are among the List of best-selling albums, best-selling albums of all time. She adopted a more mature and provocative style for her albums ''Britney (album), Britney'' (2001) and ''In the Zone'' (2003). Spears was the executive producer of her fifth ...
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Nicki Minaj
Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( ), is a Trinidadian rapper, singer, and songwriter. Regarded as the "Queen of Rap" and one of the most influential rappers of all time, she is noted for her dynamic Flow (rapping), rap flow, witty lyrics, musical versatility, and alter egos, and is credited as a driving force in the mainstream resurgence of female rap since the 2010s. Minaj began rapping professionally in the early 2000s and gained recognition with her Nicki Minaj discography#Mixtapes, three mixtapes between 2007 and 2009. Her debut studio album, ''Pink Friday'' (2010), topped the US Billboard 200, ''Billboard'' 200 and achieved the largest female rap album sales week of the 21st century, spawning the global hit single "Super Bass". Minaj explored dance-pop on her second US number-one album, ''Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded'' (2012), which produced the top-five single, "Starships (song), Starships". She returned to her Hip hop m ...
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Miley Cyrus
Miley Ray Cyrus ( , born Destiny Hope Cyrus, November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and director. Regarded as a contemporary pop icon, Cyrus has been recognized for her evolving artistry and image reinventions. She is a daughter of singer Billy Ray Cyrus, and was deemed a Child actor, child star before having a successful entertainment career as an adult. Cyrus emerged as a teen idol as Miley Stewart, the title character in the Disney Channel television series ''Hannah Montana'' (2006–2011), which evolved into a commercially successful franchise. As Hannah Montana, she achieved success on the Billboard charts, ''Billboard'' charts with two number-one soundtracks. Cyrus's solo career started with the US number-one pop rock albums ''Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus, Meet Miley Cyrus'' (2007) and ''Breakout (Miley Cyrus album), Breakout'' (2008). The single "Party in the U.S.A." from her EP ''The Time of Our Lives (EP), The Time of Our Lives'' (2009) ...
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Lady Gaga
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Known for her image reinventions and versatility across the entertainment industry, she is an influential figure in popular music. After signing with Interscope Records in 2007, Gaga achieved global recognition with her debut album, ''The Fame'' (2008), and its reissue ''The Fame Monster'' (2009). The project scored a string of successful singles, including "Just Dance (song), Just Dance", "Poker Face (song), Poker Face", "Bad Romance", "Telephone (song), Telephone", and "Alejandro (song), Alejandro". Her second full-length album, ''Born This Way (album), Born This Way'' (2011), explored electronic rock and techno-pop and sold Lists of fastest-selling albums, more than one million copies first-week. Its Born This Way (song), title track became the fastest-selling song on the iTunes Store, with over one million downloads in less than a w ...
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Beats Electronics
Beats Electronics, LLC (also known as Beats by Dr. Dre, Beats by Dre or simply Beats) is an American consumer audio products manufacturer headquartered in Culver City, California. The company was founded in 2006 by the music producer Dr. Dre and record company executive Jimmy Iovine. Since 2014, it has been an Apple Inc. subsidiary. The subsidiary's product line is primarily focused on headphones and speakers. The company's original product line was manufactured in partnership with the AV equipment company Monster Cable Products. Following the end of its contract with the company, Beats took further development of its products in-house. In 2014, the company expanded into the online music market with the launch of a subscription-based streaming service, Beats Music. In 2011, NPD Group reported that Beats' market share was 64% in the U.S. for headphones priced higher than $100, and the brand was valued at $1billion in September 2013. For a period, the company was majority-owned ...
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PepsiCo
PepsiCo, Inc. is an American multinational corporation, multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation headquartered in Harrison, New York, in the hamlet of Purchase, New York, Purchase. PepsiCo's business encompasses all aspects of the food and beverage market. It oversees the manufacturing, distribution, and marketing of its products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Frito-Lay, Inc., PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to an immensely diversified range of food and beverage brands. Significant acquisitions include Tropicana Products in 1998, the Quaker Oats Company in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to the Pepsi portfolio, and Pioneer Foods in 2020 for US$1.7 billion. As of January 2021, the company possesses 23 brands that have over 1 billion $ each in sales annually. PepsiCo has operations all around the world and its products were distributed across more than 200 countries and territories, r ...
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Beyoncé
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( ; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. With a career spanning over three decades, she has established herself as one of the most Cultural impact of Beyoncé, culturally significant figures of the 21st century through her vocal ability, musical versatility, and List of Beyoncé live performances, live performances. Credited with revolutionizing the sound of popular music, Beyoncé is often deemed one of the most influential artists of all time.Sources for Beyoncé being one of the most influential artists of all time: * * * * * * * * Beyoncé rose to fame in 1997 as a member of Destiny's Child, one of the List of best-selling girl groups, best-selling girl groups of all time. Her debut solo album, ''Dangerously in Love'' (2003), became one of the List of best-selling albums of the 21st century, best-selling albums of the 21st century, producing the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, ''Billboard'' ...
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Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a cola soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings each day. Coca-Cola ranked No. 94 in the 2024 Fortune 500, ''Fortune'' 500 list of the List of largest companies in the United States by revenue, largest United States corporations by revenue. Based on Interbrand's "best global brand" study of 2023, Coca-Cola was the world's List of most valuable brands, sixth most valuable brand. Originally marketed as a temperance bar, temperance drink and intended as a patent medicine, Coca-Cola was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1888, Pemberton sold the ownership rights to Asa Griggs Candler, a businessman, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the global soft-drink market throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. The name refers to t ...
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