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Catacomb Of The Iordani
The Catacomb of the Iordani (Italian - ''Catacomba dei Giordani'') is a catacomb on the left side of the ancient via Salaria in Rome, under the modern villa Ada in the Parioli quarter. It is named after the family who owned the land in which it was excavated and was badly damaged by relic-hunters and tomb-robbers before being rediscovered. History It dates to between the second half of the 3rd century and the first half of the 5th century, with inscriptions dating to 269 and 436. It was rediscovered in 1720 by the archaeologists Marcantonio Boldetti and Giovanni Marangoni, but it was initially mistaken for the catacomb of Trasone. As late as 1873 the archaeologist Giovanni Battista de Rossi identified it as the catacomb of Priscilla, whilst the Jesuit Raffaele Garrucci continued to identify it as the catacomb of Trasone. This confusion lasted until 1966, when the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology's excavation allowed it to be identified as the catacomb of the Giorda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catacombs Of Rome
The Catacombs of Rome () are ancient catacombs, underground burial places in and around Rome, of which there are at least forty, some rediscovered since 1578, others even as late as the 1950s. There are more than fifty catacombs in the underground of Rome in which about 150 km of tunnels run. Though most famous for Christian burials, either in separate catacombs or mixed together, Jews and also adherents of a variety of pagan Roman religions were buried in catacombs, beginning in the 2nd century AD,Toynbee: 39–40. occasioned by the ancient Roman ban on burials within a city, and also as a response to overcrowding and shortage of land. The most extensive and perhaps the best known is the Christian Catacomb of Callixtus located near the Park of the Caffarella, but there are other sites, both Christian and not, scattered around the city, some of which are now engulfed by modern urban sprawl. The Christian catacombs are extremely important for the history of Early Christian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furius Dionysius Filocalus
Furius Dionysius Filocalus was a Roman scribe and stone engraver, specialized in Epigraphy, epigraphic texts, who was active in the second half of the fourth century. Chronography of 354 One of his most noteworthy works is the "Chronography of 354", also known as the "Calendar of 354", of which the original has been lost. It is the oldest known Christian calendar, with the first known reference to the celebration of the Christmas, although it also incorporates Religion in ancient Rome, Roman festivities. The most complete copy conserved today is a manuscript of the 17th century which is kept in the Barberini collection. This is the reproduction of a "Codex Luxemburgensis" of the Carolingian dynasty, which was lost in the seventeenth century. The "chronography" was commissioned by a wealthy Roman Christian, known as Valentinus, to whom it was Dedication (ritual), dedicated. The original manuscript miniatures were also probably the work of Filocalus. The pope's official engrave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mélanges De L'École Française De Rome
The ''Mélanges de l'École française de Rome'' is a journal of history and archeology Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeolo ... published by the École française de Rome. History First published under the title ''Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire'' from 1881 to 1970, there are now several series: *''Mélanges de l'École française de Rome : Antiquité'' (''MEFRA'') *''Mélanges de l'École française de Rome : Moyen Âge'' (''MEFRM'') *''Mélanges de l'École française de Rome : Italie et Méditerranée'' (''MEFRIM'') References * "Cent ans de publications", in Archives de France, ''L'École française de Rome 1875-1975'', Paris-Rome, 1975, (pp. 35–68). External links Les ''Mélanges de l'École française de Rome''on Persée History journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Bosio
Antonio Bosio (c. 1575 or 1576 – 1629) was a Maltese scholar, the first systematic explorer of subterranean Rome (the " Columbus of the Catacombs"), author of ''Roma Sotterranea'' and first urban spelunker. Life Bosio was born in Malta, and was sent as a boy to the care of his uncle, who was a representative at the Holy See of the Knights of Malta. He studied literature, philosophy, and jurisprudence, but at the age of eighteen he gave up his legal studies, went to Rome and for the remainder of his lifetime was devoted to archaeological work in the Roman catacombs. He died in Rome in 1629. Work The accidental discovery in 1578 of an ancient subterranean cemetery on the Via Salaria had attracted general attention in Rome. Few, however, realized the importance of the discovery, and with the exception of three foreign scholars, Alfonso Chacon, the antiquarian Philips van Winghe (1560–1592) from Leuven and Jean L'Heureux (alias Macarius),L'Heureux's notes on the cataco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notitia Ecclesiarum Urbis Romae
The ''Notitia ecclesiarum urbis Romae'' ('list of the churches of the city of Rome') or Salzburg Itinerary is a pilgrims' guide composed in the mid 7th century, perhaps under Pope Honorius I. It was discovered in a codex in Salzburg and is now in the Austrian National Library. It is the earliest surviving pilgrims' itinerary for Rome and was almost certainly written by an inhabitant of Rome who knew the sites described well. It lists the basilicas and Christian cemeteries in Rome. The cemeteries outside the walls are described, starting with the furthest from the centre and moving to those under the Aurelian Walls, as well as clockwise from the Catacombs of San Valentino The Catacombs of San Valentino (Italian: ''Catacombe di San Valentino'') is one of the catacombs of Rome (Italy), placed at the 2nd mile of the via Flaminia, now in Viale Maresciallo Pilsudski, in the modern Pinciano neighborhood. History Italian ... to the Vatican necropolis. References Bibliography *Birch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martyrologium Hieronymianum
The ''Martyrologium Hieronymianum'' (meaning "martyrology of Jerome") or ''Martyrologium sancti Hieronymi'' (meaning "martyrology of Saint Jerome") is an ancient martyrology or list of Christian martyrs in calendar order, one of the most used and influential of the Middle Ages. It is the oldest surviving general or "universal" martyrology, and the precursor of all later Western martyrologies. Pseudo-Jerome, Pseudepigraphically attributed to Saint Jerome, the ''Martyrologium Hieronymianum'' contains a reference to him derived from the opening chapter of his ''Life of Malchus'' (392 AD) where Jerome states his intention to write a history of the saints and martyrs from the apostolic times: "I decided to write [a history, mentioned earlier] from the coming of the saviour up to our age, that is, from the apostles, up to the dregs of our time". Date and textual history The ''Martyrologium Hieronymianum'' appears to have drawn for its material on the existing calendar of Rome, on o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronograph Of 354
The Chronograph of 354 is a compilation of chronological and calendrical texts produced in 354 AD for a wealthy Roman Christian named Valentinus by the calligrapher and manuscript illuminator, illustrator Furius Dionysius Filocalus. The original illuminated manuscript, illustrated manuscript is lost, but several copies have survived. It is the earliest known codex to have had full page illustrations. The work is also called the Chronography or Calendar of 354, and the name Calendar of Filocalus or Filocalian Calendar is sometimes used to describe the whole collection, and sometimes just the sixth part, which is the Calendar itself. Other versions of the names ("Philocalus", "Philocalian", "Codex-Calendar of 354", etc.) are occasionally used. The text and illustrations are available online. It has had a variety of other names over the years; the historian Theodor Mommsen titled it "Chronica urbis Romae". Amongst other historically significant information, the work contains the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felicitas Of Rome
Felicitas of Rome (c. 101 – 165), also anglicized as is a saint numbered among the Christian martyrs. Apart from her name, the only thing known for certain about this martyr is that she was buried in the Cemetery of Maximus, on the Via Salaria on a 23 November. However, a legend presents her as the mother of the seven martyrs whose feast is celebrated on 10 July. The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates their martyrdom on 25 January. The legend of Saint Symphorosa is very similar and their acts may have been confused. She was a patron saint of healing. They may even be the same person. This Felicitas is not the same as the North African Felicitas who was martyred with Perpetua. History of Saint Felicitas The feast of Saint Felicitas of Rome was first mentioned in the ''"Martyrologium Hieronymianum"'' as celebrated on 25 January. From a very early date her feast as a martyr was solemnly celebrated in the Roman Church on that date, as shown by the fact that on that day Sai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Exodus
The Book of Exodus (from ; ''Šəmōṯ'', 'Names'; ) is the second book of the Bible. It is the first part of the narrative of the Exodus, the origin myth of the Israelites, in which they leave slavery in Biblical Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, their deity, who according to the story Chosen people, chose them as his people. The Israelites then journey with the prophet Moses to biblical Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, where Yahweh gives the Ten Commandments and they enter into a Mosaic covenant, covenant with Yahweh, who promises to make them a "holy nation, and a kingdom of priests" on condition of their faithfulness. He gives them laws and instructions to build the Tabernacle, the means by which he will come from heaven and dwell with them and lead them in a holy war to conquer Canaan (the "Promised Land"), which has earlier, according to the Book of Genesis, been promised to the "seed" of Abraham, the patriarch of the Israelites. Though traditionally Mosaic authorship, ascri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Vigilius
Pope Vigilius (died 7 June 555) was the bishop of Rome from 29 March 537 to his death on 7 June 555. He is considered the first pope of the Byzantine papacy. Born into Roman aristocracy, Vigilius served as a deacon and papal ''apocrisiarius'' in Constantinople. He allied with Empress Theodora, who sought his help to establish Monophysitism, and was made pope after the deposition of Silverius. After he refused to sign Emperor Justinian I's edict condemning the Three Chapters, Vigilius was arrested in 545 and taken to Constantinople. He died in Sicily while returning to Rome. Early life Vigilius belonged to an aristocratic family from Rome; his father, John, is identified as a consul in the '' Liber pontificalis'', having received that title from the emperor in Constantinople. According to Procopius, his brother Reparatus was one of the senators taken hostage by Witigis, but managed to escape before the Ostrogothic king ordered their slaughter in 537. Vigilius entered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Rome (537–538)
The first siege of Rome during the Gothic War (535–554), Gothic War lasted for a year and nine days, from 2 March 537 to 12 March 538. The city was besieged by the Ostrogoths, Ostrogothic army under their king Vitiges; the defending Eastern Roman Empire, East Romans were commanded by Belisarius, one of the most famous and successful Roman generals. The siege was the first major encounter between the forces of the two opponents, and played a decisive role in the subsequent development of the war. Background With Praetorian prefecture of Africa, northern Africa back in Roman hands after the successful Vandalic War, Emperor Justinian I turned his sights on Italy, with the old capital, the city of Rome. In the late 5th century, the peninsula had come under the control of the Ostrogoths, who, although they continued to acknowledge the Empire's suzerainty, had established a practically independent Ostrogothic Kingdom, kingdom. However, after the death of its founder, the able Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goths
The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. They were first reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is now Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania. From here they conducted raids into Roman territory, and large numbers of them joined the Roman military. These early Goths lived in the regions where archaeologists find the Chernyakhov culture, which flourished throughout this region during the 3rd and 4th centuries. In the late 4th century, the lands of the Goths in present-day Ukraine were overwhelmed by a significant westward movement of Alans and Huns from the east. Large numbers of Goths subsequently concentrated upon the Roman border at the Lower Danube, seeking refuge inside the Roman Empire. After they entered the Empire, violence broke out, and Goth-led forces inflicted a devastating defeat upon the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
