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Castianeira Memnonia
''Castianeira'' is a genus of ant-like corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1879. They are found in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, but are absent from Australia. Twenty-six species are native to North America, and at least twice as many are native to Mexico and Central America. Description Spiders of this genus have eight eyes in two procurved rows (meaning that the lateral eyes are farther toward the front of the body than the medial eyes), the upper row slightly wider than the lower row. This distinguishes them from species of ''Micaria'' that almost always have straight rows of eyes. The opisthosoma is not constricted, and has an elongate to oval shape to mimic that of ants. In addition to the ant-like coloration, the abdomen has white scale-like setae. The rear pair of legs are the longest, and the front pair are second longest. Mimicry Some species are ant mimics resembling specific groups of ants, while others only have generic body modifica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castianeira Longipalpa
''Castianeira longipalpa'' is an Ant mimicry, ant mimic spider species in the family Corinnidae. They can be dark grey, brown or black and possess numerous transverse bands on their abdomen. Females are 7–9 mm long and males are 5.5–6 mm long. They are fast runners, often active during the day, living on the ground and among leaves or under rocks and other debris in prairies, deciduous forests, shrubby areas, and wooded sand dunes. They are the most widespread member of the genus ''Castianeira'' in the United States and Canada. References External links * Corinnidae Articles created by Qbugbot Spiders described in 1847 Spiders of Canada Spiders of the United States {{corinnidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant Mimicry
Ant mimicry or myrmecomorphy is mimicry of ants by other organisms; it has evolved over 70 times. Ants are abundant all over the world, and potential predators that rely on vision to identify their prey, such as birds and wasps, normally avoid them, because they are either unpalatable or aggressive. Some arthropods mimic ants to escape predation ( Batesian mimicry), while some predators of ants, especially spiders, mimic them anatomically and behaviourally in aggressive mimicry. Ant mimicry has existed almost as long as ants themselves; the earliest ant mimics in the fossil record appear in the mid-Cretaceous alongside the earliest ants. In myrmecophily, mimic and model live commensally together; in the case of ants, the mimic is an inquiline in the ants' nest. Such mimics may in addition be Batesian or aggressive mimics. To overcome ants' powerful defences, mimics may imitate ants chemically with ant-like pheromones, visually, or by imitating an ant's surface microstructure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atta (genus)
''Atta'' is a genus of ants of the Neotropical realm belonging to the ant subfamily Myrmicinae. In English often the species are known as leafcutter ants, though that name is shared with members of the genus '' Acromyrmex''. Workers of ''Atta'' ants gather plant material from the colony's local area, carry the plant parts into the colony's underground chambers, and there fungus grows on it. All the nest's ants feed on that fungus, not the plant material they collect. Leafcutters don't sting, thus inject no venom, although they are known as strong biters. Life Cycle It's unclear how many species the genus ''Atta'' comprises. GBIF lists over 60 -- though many of those name are regarded as "doubtful" -- while the Catalogue of Life lists only 16. As with all ants, ''Atta'' species undergo complete metamorphosis in which each individual ant hatches from an egg as a larva, the larva grows until it forms a pupa, from which later emerges an adult ant. Among adults leafcutter ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castianeira Rica
''Castianeira'' is a genus of ant-like corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1879. They are found in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, but are absent from Australia. Twenty-six species are native to North America, and at least twice as many are native to Mexico and Central America. Description Spiders of this genus have eight eyes in two procurved rows (meaning that the lateral eyes are farther toward the front of the body than the medial eyes), the upper row slightly wider than the lower row. This distinguishes them from species of ''Micaria'' that almost always have straight rows of eyes. The opisthosoma is not constricted, and has an elongate to oval shape to mimic that of ants. In addition to the ant-like coloration, the abdomen has white scale-like setae. The rear pair of legs are the longest, and the front pair are second longest. Mimicry Some species are ant mimics resembling specific groups of ants, while others only have generic body modifica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycondyla
''Pachycondyla'' is a Ponerinae, ponerine genus of ants found in the Neotropics. Distribution ''Pachycondyla'' is currently distributed from southern United States to northern Argentina, but some fossil species (e.g. ''Pachycondyla eocenica, P. eocenica'' and ''Pachycondyla lutzi, P. lutzi'') are found in Europe. Species The genus formerly contained hundreds of species, most of them belonging to at the time junior synonyms of ''Pachycondyla''. While revising the ponerines, Schmidt & Shattuck (2014) revived many of the former synonyms, leaving only eleven species in ''Pachycondyla''. They were not able to place some species with certainty, and left more than twenty species ''incertae sedis'' in ''Pachycondyla'', acknowledging that "this placement is undoubtedly incorrect". *''Pachycondyla constricticeps'' Mackay & Mackay, 2010 *''Pachycondyla crassinoda'' (Latreille, 1802) *''Pachycondyla fuscoatra'' (Roger, 1861) *''Pachycondyla harpax'' (Fabricius, 1804) *''Pachycondyla impress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castianeira Memnonia
''Castianeira'' is a genus of ant-like corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1879. They are found in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, but are absent from Australia. Twenty-six species are native to North America, and at least twice as many are native to Mexico and Central America. Description Spiders of this genus have eight eyes in two procurved rows (meaning that the lateral eyes are farther toward the front of the body than the medial eyes), the upper row slightly wider than the lower row. This distinguishes them from species of ''Micaria'' that almost always have straight rows of eyes. The opisthosoma is not constricted, and has an elongate to oval shape to mimic that of ants. In addition to the ant-like coloration, the abdomen has white scale-like setae. The rear pair of legs are the longest, and the front pair are second longest. Mimicry Some species are ant mimics resembling specific groups of ants, while others only have generic body modifica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponerinae
Ponerinae, the ponerine ants, is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including '' Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the functional egg-layers in several species of ponerine ants. In such queenless species, the reproductive status of workers can only be determined through ovarian dissections. Description and identification Ponerinae are most easily identified from other subfamilies by possessing a single-segmented petiole and the gaster usually being constricted between the first and second segments. ''Odontomachus'' lack this constriction, but these can be identified from their elongate, straight mandibles attached close together along the front margin of the head and with teeth only at the mandible tips. They are rare examples of stinging ants. Females have 12-segmented antennae, whereas males have 13-segmented antennae. Behavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ... of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees.Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224 All species of Cephalotes (within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants. Identification Myrmicine worker ants have a distinct postpetiole, i.e., abdominal segment III is notably smaller than segment IV and set off from it by a well-developed constriction; the pronotum is inflexibly fused to the rest of the meso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camponotus Planatus
''Camponotus planatus'', known generally as the compact carpenter ant or short carpenter ant, is one of three ''Camponotus'' species that is polygynous, or has more than one queen. It is a species of ant (family Formicidae).Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera", Sharkey M.J., Carpenter J.M., Vilhelmsen L., et al. 2012. ''Cladistics'' 28(1): 80-112.Ward, P.S. (2007). "Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants". ''Zootaxa 1668'' 549–563Bolton, B., Alpert, G., Ward, S. Naskrecki, P. (2007). ''A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World 1758–2005''Riley, Edward G., Clark, Shawn M., and Gilbert, Arthur J. (2001). "New records, nomenclatural changes, and taxonomic notes for select North American leaf beetles". ''Insecta Mundi. 176.'' Arthropod mimics Four species of arthropod mimic ''Camponotus planatus'' within the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve of British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castianeira Cingulata
''Castianeira cingulata'', the twobanded antmimic, is a species of true spider in the family Corinnidae Corinnidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called corinnid sac spiders. The family, like other "clubionoid" families, has a confusing taxonomic history. Once it was a part of the large catch-all taxon Clubionidae, now very much sm ... and is an ant mimic. It is found in the United States and Canada, India. References Corinnidae Articles created by Qbugbot Spiders described in 1841 Spiders of Canada Spiders of the United States {{corinnidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aposematism
Aposematism is the Advertising in biology, advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predation, predators that it is not worth attacking or eating. This unprofitability may consist of any defenses which make the prey difficult to kill and eat, such as toxicity, venom, foul taste or smell, sharp spines, or aggressive nature. These advertising signals may take the form of conspicuous animal coloration, coloration, sounds, odours, or other perception, perceivable characteristics. Aposematic Signalling theory, signals are beneficial for both predator and prey, since both avoid potential harm. The term was coined in 1877 by Edward Bagnall Poulton for Alfred Russel Wallace's concept of warning coloration. Aposematism is exploited in Müllerian mimicry, where species with strong defences evolve to resemble one another. By mimicking similarly coloured species, the warning signal to predators is shared, causing them to learn more quickly at less of a cost. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutillidae
Velvet ants (Mutillidae) are a family of more than 7,000 species of wasps whose wingless females resemble large, hairy ants. Their common name velvet ant refers to their resemblance to an ant, and their dense pile of hair, which most often is bright scarlet or orange, but may also be black, white, silver, or gold. Their bright colors serve as aposematic signals. They are known for their extremely painful stings, (the sting of the species '' Dasymutilla klugii'' rated a 3 on the Schmidt pain index and lasts up to 30 minutes), and has resulted in the common name "cow killer" or "cow ant" being applied to the species '' Dasymutilla occidentalis.'' However, mutillids are not aggressive and sting only in defense. In addition, the actual toxicity of their venom is much lower than that of honey bees or harvester ants. Unlike true ants, they are solitary, and lack complex social systems. Distribution Mutillidae can be found worldwide with about 230 genera or subgenera and around 8,0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
