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Carlos III De Espana
Charles III (; 20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788) was King of Spain in the years 1759 to 1788. He was also Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as Charles I (1731–1735); King of Naples, as Charles VII; and King of Sicily, as Charles III (or V) (1735–1759). He was the fourth son of Philip V of Spain and the eldest son of Philip's second wife, Elisabeth Farnese. He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism and regalism. In 1731, the 15-year-old Charles became Duke of Parma and Piacenza following the death of his childless grand-uncle Antonio Farnese. In 1734, at the age of 18, he led Spanish troops in a bold and almost entirely bloodless march down Italy to seize the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily and enforce the Spanish claim to their thrones. In 1738, he married the Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony, daughter of Augustus III of Poland, who was an educated, cultured woman. The couple had 13 children, eight of whom reached adulthood. They resided in Naples for 19 years. Charle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Raphael Mengs
Anton Raphael Mengs (12 March 1728 – 29 June 1779) was a German Neoclassicism, Neoclassical painter. Early life Mengs was born on 12 March 1728, at Ústí nad Labem in the Kingdom of Bohemia, the son of Ismael Mengs, a Danish-born painter who eventually established himself at Dresden, where the court of Electorate of Saxony, Saxon-Polish electors and kings was. His older sister, Therese Concordia Maron, was also a painter, as was his younger sister, Julia Charlotte Mengs, Julia. His and Therese's births in Bohemia were mere coincidence. Their mother was not their father's wife; Ismael carried on a years-long affair with the family's housekeeper, Charlotte Bormann. In an effort to conceal the births of two illegitimate children, Ismael took Charlotte, under the pretext of "vacations", to the nearest bigger town abroad, Ústí nad Labem (90 km upstream of the Elbe river). At least in Anton's case, Ismael Mengs took his baby and Charlotte back to Dresden a few weeks after the bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Farnese, Duke Of Parma
Antonio Farnese (29 November 1679 – 20 January 1731) was the eighth and final House of Farnese, Farnese List of Dukes of Parma, Duke of Parma and Piacenza. He married, in 1727, Enrichetta d'Este of Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Modena with the intention of begetting an heir. The marriage, however, was childless, leading to the succession of Charles III of Spain, Charles of Spain, whose mother, Elisabeth Farnese, was Antonio's niece, to the ducal throne. Biography Born in Parma, Antonio was the third son of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, and his wife Maria of Modena, Maria d'Este of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Modena. At the age of 18, Prince Antonio embarked on a Grand Tour of Europe with the intention of establishing contacts in courts across the continent; however, he simply dissipated 1,580,000 lire on galas. As a prince he spent most of his time at the court of his cousin Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena, the Hereditary Prince of Modena, because his sister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip V Of Spain
Philip V (; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was List of Spanish monarchs, King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724 and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746. His total reign (45 years and 16 days) is the longest in the history of the Spanish monarchy, surpassing Philip IV of Spain, Philip IV. Although his ascent to the throne precipitated the War of the Spanish Succession, Philip V instigated many important reforms in Spain, most especially the centralization of power of the monarchy and the suppression of regional privileges, via the Nueva Planta decrees, and restructuring of the administration of the Spanish Empire on the Iberian Peninsula and its overseas regions. Philip was born into the House of Bourbon, French royal family (as Philippe, Duke of Anjou) during the reign of his grandfather Louis XIV. He was the second son of Louis, Grand Dauphin, and was third in line to the French throne after his father and his elder brother, Louis, Duke of Burgund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Kingdom of Navarre, Navarre in the 16th century. A branch descended from the French Bourbons came to rule Spain in the 18th century and is the current Spanish royal family. Other branches, descended from the Spanish Bourbons, held thrones in Kingdom of Naples, Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, Sicily, and Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, Parma. Today, Spain and Luxembourg have monarchs from the House of Bourbon. The royal Bourbons originated in 1272, when Robert, Count of Clermont, Robert, the youngest son of King Louis IX of France, married the heiress of the Sire de Bourbon, lordship of Bourbon.Anselm de Guibours, Anselme, Père. "Histoire de la Maison Royale de France", tome 4, Éditions du Palais-Royal, 1967, Paris, pp. 144–146, 151–153, 175, 178, 180, 185, 187–189, 191, 295–298, 318–319, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infante Francisco Javier Of Spain
Infante Francisco Javier of Spain (15 February 1757 – 10 April 1771) was the youngest son of King Charles III of Spain and younger brother of King Charles IV of Spain and King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. Biography Born in the Royal Palace of Caserta, he was baptized Francisco Javier Antonio Pascual Bernardo Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Julián of Naples and Sicily. His father was Charles VII, King of Naples and of Sicily since 1735. His mother was Maria Amalia of Saxony, daughter of Augustus III of Poland. In 1759, on the death of his uncle King Ferdinand VI of Spain without children, his parents, his brothers Charles and Gabriel, and his sisters, Maria Luisa and Maria Josefa left for Spain where her father was crowned King Charles III of Spain. Francisco Javier lost his mother one year later when he was three. He grew up at the Royal Palace of Aranjuez, but died of smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infante Antonio Pascual Of Spain
Infante Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Aniello Raimundo Silvestre of Spain (31 December 1755 – 20 April 1817) was a son of King Charles III of Spain and younger brother of King Charles IV of Spain and King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. Biography Born in Acquaviva Palace in Caserta, where the royal family lived before the Royal Palace of Caserta was built, he was the fifth son of Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony. A humanist devoted to arts, he bore a striking resemblance to his elder brother Charles IV. At the death of his uncle Ferdinand VI of Spain, who he never met, his parents, brothers Charles and Gabriel, and sisters Maria Luisa and Maria Josefa departed for Spain where his father ruled as Charles III. Aged 39, he married on August 25, 1795, María Amalia of Spain, 16-year-old daughter of his brother Charles IV in a double wedding where Maria Amalia's younger sister, Maria Luisa married Louis, Duke of Parma. She died 3 years la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infante Gabriel Of Spain
Infante Gabriel of SpainSometimes called Gabriel de Borbón y Sajonia, Infante de España (12 May 1752 – 23 November 1788) was the son of King Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony. Biography Born at the Palace of Portici outside Kingdom of Naples, Naples, he was Christened Gabriel Antonio Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Serafín Pascual Salvador; he was the fourth son of King Charles III of Spain, Charles VII and V and Maria Amalia of Saxony; his father was the King of Naples and Sicily as part of a personal union from 1735. Of all the sons of Charles III, Gabriel was the most intelligent and hardworking, and he was also his favourite son. He was very cultured, renowned as an excellent translator of Sallust and a true Maecenas. He had Antonio Soler (composer), Antonio Soler as his music teacher, who composed several sonatas on harpsichord especially for his gifted pupil, as well as concerts for two organs to be interpreted together in the El Escorial church. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand I, King Of The Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I (Italian: ''Ferdinando I''; 12 January 1751 – 4 January 1825) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1816 until his death. Before that he had been, since 1759, King of Naples as Ferdinand IV and King of Sicily as Ferdinand III. He was deposed twice from the throne of Naples: once by the revolutionary Parthenopean Republic for six months in 1799, and again by a French invasion in 1806, before being restored in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Ferdinand was born in Naples as the third son of King Charles VII and Queen Maria Amalia. In August 1759, Charles succeeded his half-brother Ferdinand VI of Spain as King Charles III, but treaty provisions made him ineligible to hold all three crowns. On 6 October, he abdicated his Neapolitan and Sicilian titles in favour of his third son, Ferdinand, because his eldest son Philip had been excluded from succession due to intellectual disability and his second son Charles was heir-apparent to the Spanish throne. Ferdinand was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles IV, King Of Spain
Charles IV (; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808. The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances and his regime constantly sought cash to deal with the exigencies of war. He detested his son and heir Ferdinand, who led the unsuccessful El Escorial Conspiracy and later forced Charles's abdication after the Tumult of Aranjuez in March 1808, along with ousting Charles's widely hated first minister Manuel Godoy. Summoned to Bayonne by Napoleon Bonaparte, who forced Ferdinand VII to abdicate, Charles IV also abdicated, paving the way for Napoleon to place his older brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne of Spain. The reign of Charles IV turned out to be a major negative turning point in Spanish history. Early life Charles was the second son of Charles III and his wife, Maria Amalia of Saxony. He was born in Naples (11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infante Philip, Duke Of Calabria
Philip of Naples and Sicily, "Duke of Calabria", Infante of Spain (13 June 1747 – 19 September 1777) was the eldest son and heir-apparent of Charles III of Spain, but was excluded from the succession to the thrones of Spain and Naples due to his intellectual disability. His younger brothers, Charles IV of Spain and Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies replaced him in the succession. When his father became King of Spain in 1759, Philip remained in Naples where he lived until his death from smallpox at the age of 30. Heir apparent Born at the Royal Palace of Portici in the Kingdom of Naples, he was the sixth child and eldest son of Charles VII and V, then King of Naples and Sicily, and his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony.Rubio, ''Reinas de España'', p. 263 His birth was a joyful event since his parents previously had five princesses, three of whom had died in childhood. The Prince was baptized ''Filippo Antonio Gennaro Pasquale Francesco de Paula''. His grandfather, King Philip V of Spai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Luisa Of Spain
Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain ( Spanish: ''María Luisa'', German: ''Maria Ludovika''; 24 November 1745 – 15 May 1792) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. Early life Maria Luisa was born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace ('' Reggia di Portici'') of her parents, Charles, King of Naples and Sicily, and Maria Amalia of Saxony on 24 November 1745, on her mother's 21st birthday. She was the fifth daughter, and second surviving child, of her parents. Her father, the future Charles III of Spain, had become King of Naples and Sicily in 1735 after its occupation by the Spanish in the War of Polish Succession. After her father became King of Spain at the death of her half-uncle, Ferdinand VI of Spain, in 1759, she became known as ''Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain'', and she moved with her family to Spain. Grand Duchess of Tuscany Maria Luisa was originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infanta María Josefa Of Spain
Infanta María Josefa of Spain (María Josefa Carmela; 6 July 1744 – 8 December 1801) was the second surviving daughter of King Charles III of Spain, Charles VII of Naples and III of Sicily and his wife, Maria Amalia of Saxony. Born in Kingdom of Naples, Naples, she and her family arrived in Barcelona in October 1759 at the age of fifteen. At the accession of her father to the Spanish throne as Charles III of Spain, Charles III in August 1759, she became an Infante, Infanta of Spain. She lived at her father's court, then of her brother Charles IV of Spain, Charles IV's. She died unmarried and childless. Life Birth and background Princess María Josefa of Naples and Sicily was born on 6 July 1744 in Gaeta. She was named after her maternal grandmother, Queen Maria Josepha of Austria (1699–1757). Her father had been King of Naples and Sicily as part of a personal union since 1734. Her parents married in 1738 and María Josefa was their first daughter to survive over the age of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
