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Cardamine Maxima
''Cardamine maxima'' is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family (biology), family Brassicaceae. Taxonomy ''Cardamine maxima'' was first described as ''Dentaria maxima'' by the English botanist Thomas Nuttall in 1818. The American botanist Alphonso Wood placed ''Dentaria maxima'' in genus ''Cardamine'' in 1870. The name ''Cardamine maxima'' is widely used today. ''Cardamine maxima'' is a member of the ''Cardamine concatenata'' alliance, a monophyletic group of eastern North American species that includes ''Cardamine angustata'', ''Cardamine concatenata'', ''Cardamine diphylla'', ''Cardamine dissecta'', ''Cardamine incisa'', and ''Cardamine maxima''. All members of the alliance were previously placed in genus ''Dentaria'' , which is now considered to be a synonym for ''Cardamine'' Distribution and habitat ''Cardamine maxima'' is native to eastern North America. Its range extends north to New Brunswick and Québec, south to Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and west to Ont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Nuttall
Thomas Nuttall (5 January 1786 – 10 September 1859) was an English botanist and zoologist who lived and worked in America from 1808 until 1841. Nuttall was born in the village of Long Preston, near Settle in the West Riding of Yorkshire and spent some years as an apprentice printer in England. Soon after going to the United States he met professor Benjamin Smith Barton in Philadelphia. Barton encouraged his strong interest in natural history. Early explorations in the United States In 1810 he travelled to the Great Lakes and in 1811 travelled on the Astor Expedition led by William Price Hunt on behalf of John Jacob Astor up the Missouri River. Nuttall was accompanied by the English botanist John Bradbury, who was collecting plants on behalf of Liverpool botanical gardens. Nuttall and Bradbury left the party at the trading post with the Arikara Indians in South Dakota, and continued farther upriver with Ramsay Crooks. In August they returned to the Arikara post and jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphonso Wood
Alphonso Wood (1810 – January 4, 1881) was an American botanist and theology instructor. He was the author of several works on botany that were popularly used as instructional texts in the 19th century. Career Wood studied at both Dartmouth College and Andover Theological Seminary. He started his teaching career as the Latin and natural science instructor at Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire. Later he served as the President of the Female Seminary of Cleveland, Ohio, Principal of the Clinton Female Seminary in Brooklyn, and professor of botany at Terre Haute Female College in Indiana. He retired from his instructional work in 1867 and lived the remainder of his life in West Farms, New York. In an obituary in ''The Gardener's Monthly and Horticulturist'', Wood was described as performing the important task of taking the progressive scientific research of botanists and making their "knowledge widely distributed" through "universal" textbooks. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can reproduction, produce Fertility, fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον / ('container, vessel') and σπέρμα / ('seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Angiosperms are distinguished from the other seed-producing plants, the gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leaves are simple (although are sometimes deeply incised), lack stipules, and appear alternately on stems or in rosettes. The inflorescences are terminal and lack bracts. The flowers have four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two shorter free stamens and four longer free stamens. The fruit has seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum). The family contains 372 genera and 4,060 accepted species. The largest genera are '' Draba'' (440 species), '' Erysimum'' (261 species), '' Lepidium'' (234 species), '' Cardamine'' (233 species), and '' Alyssum'' (207 species). The family contains the cruciferous vegetables, including species such as '' Brassica oleracea'' (cultivated as cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardamine Angustata
''Cardamine angustata'' (known by the common name slender toothwort) is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States, USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. that produces white to pink or purple flowers in early spring. Description ''Cardamine angustata'' has basal leaves which can be as large as 24 centimeters, consisting of three leaflets borne on a 3 to 16 centimeter long petiole. The erect unbranched stem is 12 to 30 centimeters tall, and can be smooth or pubescent. There are two or three leaves on the stem, which are different in morphology from the basal leaves, they are also divided into three leaflets, but these are only 2 to 7 centimeters long and 3 to 6 millimeters wide. The flowers are borne in a raceme. The petals are 9 to 18 millimeters long and 2 to 5 millimeters wide. The fruit is linear, 2.5 to 4 centimeters long and 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters wide. Distribution and habitat ''Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardamine Concatenata
''Cardamine concatenata'', the cutleaved toothwort, crow's toes, pepper root or purple-flowered toothwort, is a flowering plant in Brassicaceae. It owes its name to the tooth-like appearance of its rhizome. It is a perennial woodland wildflower native to eastern North America. It is considered a spring ephemeral and blooms in March, April, and/or May. Description The vegetative parts of this plant, which can reach 20–40 cm, arise from a segmented rhizome. The leaves are on long petioles, deeply and palmately dissected into five segments with large "teeth" on the margins. The white to pinkish flowers are held above the foliage in a spike. Fruit is an elongated pod which can be up to 4 cm long. Its native habitats include rich woods, wooded bottomlands, limestone outcrops, and rocky banks and bluffs. Uses The roots can be washed, chopped and ground in vinegar to be used as a horseradish Horseradish (''Armoracia rusticana'', syn. ''Cochlearia armoracia'') is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardamine Diphylla
''Cardamine diphylla'' (broadleaf toothwort, crinkle root, crinkle-root, crinkleroot, pepper root, twin-leaved toothwort, twoleaf toothwort, toothwort) is a plant native to North America. ''Cardamine diphylla'' is a spring woodland plant that is found in most of eastern North America. Description A member of the mustard family, it is typified by a four petal flower which blooms in a cluster on a single stalk above a single pair of toothed stem leaves each divided into three broad leaflets. After flowering, narrow seedpods appear just below the flower cluster. It grows approximately 30 cm (12 in) tall. Distribution Its habitat ranges from Georgia north to Ontario and from the Atlantic to Wisconsin. It is found in moist woodlands usually in edge habitats and blooms from April to June. Butterfly habitat The West Virginia white butterfly (''Pieris virginiensis'') lays its eggs on this plant as well as ''C. laciniata''. The larvae also feed on this plant. As with ''Pieri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardamine Dissecta
''Cardamine dissecta'' is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family Brassicaceae. Taxonomy ''Cardamine dissecta'' was first described as ''Dentaria dissecta'' by the American botanist Melines Conklin Leavenworth in 1824. The American botanist Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz placed ''Dentaria dissecta'' in genus ''Cardamine'' in 1988. The name ''Cardamine dissecta'' is widely used today. ''Cardamine dissecta'' is a member of the ''Cardamine concatenata'' alliance, a monophyletic group of eastern North American species that includes '' Cardamine angustata'', ''Cardamine concatenata'', '' Cardamine diphylla'', ''Cardamine dissecta'', '' Cardamine incisa'', and ''Cardamine maxima ''Cardamine maxima'' is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family (biology), family Brassicaceae. Taxonomy ''Cardamine maxima'' was first described as ''Dentaria maxima'' by the English botanist Thomas Nuttall in 1818. The American bota ...''. All members of the alliance were previously pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardamine Incisa
''Cardamine incisa'' is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family Brassicaceae. Taxonomy ''Cardamine incisa'' was first described as ''Dentaria incisa'' by Edwin Hubert Eames in 1903. However, the name ''Dentaria incisa'' is an illegitimate name since the binomial name ''Dentaria incisa'' was already in use at the time Eames published his description. The American botanist Nathaniel Lord Britton corrected this oversight by describing ''Dentaria incisifolia'' in 1905, but by that time, a valid description for ''Cardamine incisa'' had already been provided by the German botanist Karl Moritz Schumann in 1904. Therefore, the correct name for this taxon is ''Cardamine incisa'' , while the other two names are synonyms. In recognition of Eames' contribution, the taxon is sometimes referred to as Eames' toothwort. ''Cardamine incisa'' is a member of the ''Cardamine concatenata'' alliance, a monophyletic group of eastern North American species that includes '' Cardamine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
