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Camuropiscis Concinnus
''Camuropiscis'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Kimberley, Western Australia. The species of ''Camuropiscis'' had a flattened, elongated snout that may have aided in enhancing its hydrodynamic streamlining. Etymology ''Camuropiscis'' translates as "flat-nosed fish." Phylogeny ''Camuropiscis'' is a member of the family Camuropiscidae under the superfamily Incisoscutoidea, which belongs to the clade Coccosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ... of ''Camuropiscis'': References Placoderm genera Camuropiscidae {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago ( Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma. It is the fourth period of both the Paleozoic and the Phanerozoic. It is named after Devon, South West England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant evolutionary radiation of life on land occurred during the Devonian, as free- sporing land plants (pteridophytes) began to spread across dry land, forming extensive coal forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of vascular plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants ( pteridospermatophytes) appeared. This rapid evolution and colonization process, which had begun during the Silurian, is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eubrachythoraci
Eubrachythoraci is an extinct clade of arthrodire placoderms within the suborder Brachythoraci, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian. Most are considered to be pelagic (open ocean) long-distance swimmers, leading to their widespread distribution beginning from at least the Middle Devonian period. Phylogeny Brachythoraci is divided into the large derived clade Eubrachythoraci and several basal groups: Buchanosteoidea, Homosteidae, and Holonematidae. (Although Holonematidae's membership in Brachythoraci is disputed.) Eubrachythoraci is then further divided into the sub-clades Coccosteomorphi and Pachyosteomorphi, the latter of which can be further sub-divided into Aspinothoracidi and Dunkleosteoidea, as shown in the cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janiosteus Timanicus
''Janiosteus'' is an extinct monospecific genus of placoderm arthrodire from the Middle Devonian: Late Givetian stage found in Timan, Russia. Phylogeny ''Janiosteus'' is a member of Panxiosteidae. In the 2010 Carr & Hlavin phylogenetic study, Panxiosteidae was recognized as the sister taxon to the family Dunkleosteidae, which together comprised the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea (one of the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). The phylogeny of ''Janiosteus'' within Panxiosteidae is shown in the cladogram below from the 2013 Zhu & Zhu study: However, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, instead within Coccosteomorphi and then Coccosteoidea as the sister group of Coccosteidae Coccosteidae is a family (biology), family of arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, North America and China. Phylogeny Coccosteidae belongs to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panxiosteus Ocullus
''Panxiosteus'' is an extinct monospecific genus of placoderm arthrodire from the Middle Devonian: Givetian stage of Yunnan province, China. Phylogeny ''Panxiosteus'' is a member of Panxiosteidae. In the 2010 Carr & Hlavin phylogenetic study, Panxiosteidae was recognized as the sister taxon to the family Dunkleosteidae, which together comprised the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea (one of the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). The phylogeny of ''Panxiosteus'' within Panxiosteidae is shown in the cladogram below from the 2013 Zhu & Zhu study: However, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, instead within Coccosteomorphi and then Coccosteoidea as the sister group of Coccosteidae Coccosteidae is a family (biology), family of arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, North America and China. Phylogeny Coccosteidae belongs to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plourdosteus Canadensis
''Plourdosteus'' is an extinct genus of placoderm arthrodire which was relatively widespread in Euramerica during the Givetian to Frasnian ages of the Devonian. It was a small placoderm, with ''P. canadensis'' specimen MNHM 2-177 measuring long. Etymology The name ''Plourdosteus'' commemorates the Plourde family at Miguasha National Park. Taxonomy ''Plourdosteus'' was previously assigned to the family Plourdosteidae within the Coccosteomorphi. However, subsequent studies found the family Plourdosteidae to be polyphyletic and should be dismissed. ''Plourdosteus'' was then proposed to be a member of Panxiosteidae. In the 2010 Carr & Hlavin phylogenetic study, Panxiosteidae was recognized as the sister taxon to the family Dunkleosteidae, which together comprised the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea (one of the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). The phylogeny of ''Plourdosteus'' within Panxiosteidae is shown in the cladogram below from the 2013 Zhu & Zhu study: However, the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panxiosteidae
Panxiosteidae is an extinct family of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. Phylogeny The family Panxiosteidae was erected by Wang in 1979. Members of the family are noted for showing morphologically intermediate traits between coccosteids and dunkleosteids. In the 2010 Carr & Hlavin phylogenetic study, Panxiosteidae was recognized as the sister taxon to the family Dunkleosteidae, which together comprised the superfamily Dunkleosteoidea (one of the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). The phylogeny of Panxiosteidae from the 2013 Zhu & Zhu study is shown in the cladogram below: However, the subsequent 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, instead within Coccosteomorphi and then Coccosteoidea as the sister group of Coccosteidae Coccosteidae is a family (biology), family of arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protitanichthys Rockportensis
''Protitanichthys'' is an extinct genus of comparatively large coccosteid arthrodire placoderms from the Middle Devonian of the eastern United States. Fossils are found primarily in the Eifelian-epoch aged Delaware Limestone of Ohio, and the Lower Givetian-aged Rockport Quarry Limestone of Michigan Description ''Protitanichthys'' is very similar to other coccosteids, though the skull is proportionally narrower, and the orbits are comparatively smaller. As mentioned earlier, species are quite large for coccosteids, with most fossil specimens coming from individuals in length, with rare fossils from over individuals. It is surpassed only in size by the Old World genus, '' Livosteus''. Phylogeny ''Protitanichthys'' is a member of the family Coccosteidae, which belongs to the clade Coccosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny of ''Protitanichthys'': Species ''Protitanichthys fossatus'' The type species of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watsonosteus Fletti
''Watsonosteus'' is an extinct genus of coccosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Givetian stage of the Middle Devonian period. Fossils are found in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. It was a small placoderm with a total body length of , with the largest individuals reaching lengths of . It is one of the few arthrodires for which complete body fossils are known. Phylogeny ''Watsonosteus'' is a member of the family Coccosteidae, which belongs to the clade Coccosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ... of ''Watsonosteus'': References {{Taxonbar, from=Q112327223, from2=Q97371185 Coccosteidae Givetian life Fossils of Scotland Animals described in 1932 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dickosteus Threiplandi
''Dickosteus'' is an extinct genus of coccosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Eifelian to Early Givetian stages of the Middle Devonian period. Fossils are found in Orkney and Caithness, Scotland. It was a small placoderm with a total body length of . It is one of the few placoderms for which complete bodies are known. Phylogeny ''Dickosteus'' is a member of the family Coccosteidae, which belongs to the clade Coccosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ... of ''Dickosteus'': References {{Taxonbar, from=Q112327258, from2=Q55762836 Coccosteidae Givetian life Fossils of Scotland Fish described in 1963 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccosteus Cuspidatus
''Coccosteus'' (from , 'berry' and 'bone') is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Devonian period. Its fossils have been found throughout Europe and North America. The majority of these have been found in freshwater sediments, though such a large range suggests that they may have been able to enter saltwater. It was a small placoderm, with ''Coccosteus cuspidatus'' measuring long. Description Like all other arthrodires, ''Coccosteus'' had a joint between the armor of the body and skull. It also had an internal joint between its neck vertebrae and the back of the skull, allowing for the mouth to be opened even wider. Along with the longer jaws, this allowed ''Coccosteus'' to feed on fairly large prey. The up-and-down movement of the skull also allowed for more water to be pumped through the gills. Possibly, the creature supplemented its diet with organic material filtered from mud using the gills. As with all other arthrodires, ''Coccosteus'' had bony dental pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millerosteus Minor
''Millerosteus'' is an extinct genus of coccosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Early Givetian stage of the Middle Devonian period. Fossils are found in Orkney and Caithness, Scotland. It was a small placoderm with a body length of . ''Millerosteus'' is one of the few arthrodires known from specimens preserving the entire skeleton. Phylogeny ''Millerosteus'' is a member of the family Coccosteidae, which belongs to the clade Coccosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ... of ''Millerosteus'': References {{Taxonbar, from=Q112514447, from2=Q97371187 Coccosteidae Givetian life Fossils of Scotland Fish described in 1959 Arthrodire genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccosteidae
Coccosteidae is a family (biology), family of arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, North America and China. Phylogeny Coccosteidae belongs to the larger clade Coccosteomorphi, which together with its sister clade Pachyosteomorphi forms the group Eubrachythoraci. The phylogeny of Coccosteidae can be shown in the cladogram below: Genera ''Belgiosteus'' A genus of very large coccosteids. Species are found in Middle Devonian Belgium and China. ''Clarkosteus'' ''Coccosteus'' The type genus of the family. Numerous species are found in Middle to Upper Devonian strata throughout Europe and parts of North America. ''Dickosteus'' ''Jiuchengia'' The earliest known coccosteid from Late Emsian Yunnan province, China. It is distinguished from other coccosteids by having an elongated occipital. ''Livosteus'' A genus of very large coccosteids known from Middle to Late Devonian strata of Eastern Europe. ''Millerosteus'' A genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
