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C Standard Library
The C standard library or libc is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. ISO/ IEC (2018). '' ISO/IEC 9899:2018(E): Programming Languages - C §7'' Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C library POSIX specification, which is a superset of it. Since ANSI C was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization, the C standard library is also called the ISO C library. The C standard library provides macros, type definitions and functions for tasks such as string handling, mathematical computations, input/output processing, memory management, and several other operating system services. Application programming interface Header files The application programming interface (API) of the C standard library is declared in a number of header files. Each header file contains one or more function declarations, data type definitions, and macros. After a long period of stabili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Standard Library
In computer programming, a standard library is the library (computing), library made available across Programming language implementation, implementations of a programming language. These libraries are conventionally described in programming language specifications; however, contents of a language's associated library may also be determined (in part or whole) by more informal practices of a language's community. Overview A language's standard library is often treated as part of the language by its programmer, users, although the designers may have treated it as a separate entity. Many language specifications define a core set that must be made available in all implementation#Computer Science, implementations, in addition to other portions which may be optionally implemented. The line between a language and its libraries therefore differs from language to language. Indeed, some languages are designed so that the meanings of certain syntactic constructs cannot even be described with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Assertion (computing)
In computer programming, specifically when using the imperative programming paradigm, an assertion is a predicate (a Boolean-valued function over the state space, usually expressed as a logical proposition using the variables of a program) connected to a point in the program, that always should evaluate to true at that point in code execution. Assertions can help a programmer read the code, help a compiler compile it, or help the program detect its own defects. For the latter, some programs check assertions by actually evaluating the predicate as they run. Then, if it is not in fact true – an assertion failure – the program considers itself to be broken and typically deliberately crashes or throws an assertion failure exception. Details The following code contains two assertions, x > 0 and x > 1, and they are indeed true at the indicated points during execution: x = 1; assert x > 0; x++; assert x > 1; Programmers can use assertions to help specify programs and to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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C Data Types
In the C programming language, data types constitute the semantics and characteristics of storage of data elements. They are expressed in the language syntax in form of declarations for memory locations or variables. Data types also determine the types of operations or methods of processing of data elements. The C language provides basic arithmetic types, such as integer and real number types, and syntax to build array and compound types. ''Headers'' for the C standard library, to be used via include directives, contain definitions of support types, that have additional properties, such as providing storage with an exact size, independent of the language implementation on specific hardware platforms. Basic types Main types The C language provides the four basic arithmetic type specifiers ''char'', ''int'', ''float'' and ''double'', and the modifiers ''signed'', ''unsigned'', ''short'', and ''long''. The following table lists the permissible combinations in specifying a lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Float
Float may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music Albums * ''Float'' (Aesop Rock album), 2000 * ''Float'' (Flogging Molly album), 2008 * ''Float'' (Styles P album), 2013 Songs * "Float" (Tim and the Glory Boys song), 2022 * "Float", by Bush from '' Golden State'', 2001 * "Float," by Eden from ''Vertigo'', 2018 * "Float", by The Music from '' The Music'', 2002 * "Float", by RAH Band from '' Mystery'' * "Float", by Russell Dickerson from '' Yours'', 2017 Other uses * Float (b-boy move), a balance-intensive breakdance move * ''Float'' (sculpture), a 1990 public artwork by American artist Peter Flanary * ''Float'' (film), a 2019 American animated short film produced by Pixar * Float, Eastern Canada usage * Float (parade) Beverages * Float, an ice cream soda * Floats (drink), line of bottled beverages designed to imitate the taste of an ice cream soda * Float (bartending technique), the layering of liquid or ingredients on the top of a drink Computing * Float (computing) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Floating-point
In computing, floating-point arithmetic (FP) is arithmetic that represents real numbers approximately, using an integer with a fixed precision, called the significand, scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base. For example, 12.345 can be represented as a base-ten floating-point number: 12.345 = \underbrace_\text \times \underbrace_\text\!\!\!\!\!\!^ In practice, most floating-point systems use base two, though base ten ( decimal floating point) is also common. The term ''floating point'' refers to the fact that the number's radix point can "float" anywhere to the left, right, or between the significant digits of the number. This position is indicated by the exponent, so floating point can be considered a form of scientific notation. A floating-point system can be used to represent, with a fixed number of digits, numbers of very different orders of magnitude — such as the number of meters between galaxies or between protons in an atom. For this reason, floating-p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Errno
errno.h is a header file in the standard library of the C programming language. It defines macros for reporting and retrieving error conditions using the symbol errno (short for "error number").International Standard for Programming Language C (C11), ISO/IEC 9899:2011, p. 205 errno acts like an integer variable. A value (the error number) is stored in errno by certain library functions when they detect errors. At program startup, the value stored is zero. Library functions store only values greater than zero. Any library function can alter the value stored before return, whether or not they detect errors.International Standard for Programming Language C (C99), ISO/IEC 9899:1999, p. 186 Most functions indicate that they detected an error by returning a special value, typically NULL for functions that return pointers, and -1 for functions that return integers. A few functions require the caller to preset errno to zero and test it afterwards to see if an error was detected. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC; ) is an eight-bit character encoding used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer operating systems. It descended from the code used with punched cards and the corresponding six-bit binary-coded decimal code used with most of IBM's computer peripherals of the late 1950s and early 1960s. It is supported by various non-IBM platforms, such as Fujitsu-Siemens' BS2000/OSD, OS-IV, MSP, and MSP-EX, the SDS Sigma series, Unisys VS/9, Unisys MCP and ICL VME. History EBCDIC was devised in 1963 and 1964 by IBM and was announced with the release of the IBM System/360 line of mainframe computers. It is an eight-bit character encoding, developed separately from the seven-bit ASCII encoding scheme. It was created to extend the existing Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) Interchange Code, or BCDIC, which itself was devised as an efficient means of encoding the two ''zone'' and ''number'' punches on punched cards into s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of technical limitations of computer systems at the time it was invented, ASCII has just 128 code points, of which only 95 are , which severely limited its scope. All modern computer systems instead use Unicode, which has millions of code points, but the first 128 of these are the same as the ASCII set. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) prefers the name US-ASCII for this character encoding. ASCII is one of the IEEE milestones. Overview ASCII was developed from telegraph code. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began in May 1961, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) (now the American National Standards I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Character Set
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. The numerical values that make up a character encoding are known as " code points" and collectively comprise a "code space", a "code page", or a " character map". Early character codes associated with the optical or electrical telegraph could only represent a subset of the characters used in written languages, sometimes restricted to upper case letters, numerals and some punctuation only. The low cost of digital representation of data in modern computer systems allows more elaborate character codes (such as Unicode) which represent most of the characters used in many written languages. Character encoding using internationally accepted standards permits worldwide interchange of text in electronic form. History The history of character codes illustrates th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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C Character Classification
C character classification is an operation provided by a group of functions in the ANSI C Standard Library for the C programming language. These functions are used to test characters for membership in a particular class of characters, such as alphabetic characters, control characters, etc. Both single-byte, and wide characters are supported. History Early C-language programmers working on the Unix operating system developed programming idioms for classifying characters into different types. For example, for the ASCII character set, the following expression identifies a letter, when its value is ''true'': ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') , , ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') As this may be expressed in multiple formulations, it became desirable to introduce short, standardized forms of such tests that were placed in the system-wide header file ''ctype.h''. Implementation Unlike the above example, the character classification routines are not written as ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ctype
Ctypes, ctype or another variant may refer to: Science * C-type natriuretic peptide * C-type lectin * C-type star, or carbon star * C-type asteroid Software * ctypes, a form of language binding in Python and OCaml that can load C functions from shared libraries or DLLs on-the-fly * , a header in the ANSI C Standard Library for the C programming language that contains declarations for character classification functions Vehicles * Audi Type C, roadster * Citroën Type C, roadster * Jaguar C-Type, racing sports car * MG C-type, race car * Auto Union Type C, Grand Prix race car * Mercedes-Benz C-Class, sedan car * Renault C-Type engine, straight-4 car engine * C-type (New York City Subway car) * Handley Page Type C, monoplane * FBA Type C, reconnaissance flying boat * Díaz Type C, fighter plane * Sopwith Special torpedo seaplane Type C * Caudron Navy Experimental Type C Trainer, trainer monoplane * Consolidated Navy Experimental Type C Flying-Boat * C class blimp or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |