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Byrrhoidea Genera
Byrrhoidea is a superfamily of beetles belonging to Elateriformia that includes several families which are either aquatic or associated with a semi-aquatic habitat. Other than the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, most of the remaining Polyphagan beetles which are aquatic are in this superfamily. Description Adults of many Byrrhoidea have exocone eyes (with expanded corneal lens). The anterior edge of the scutellar shield is often abruptly elevated (except in Psephenidae and Cneoglossidae). A variety of byrrhoids have the first three abdominal ventrites solidly fused together. Larvae of most Limnichidae have one pair of anal hooks on the tenth abdominal segment, while Cneoglossidae and Ptilodactylidae have three or more hooks on each side of this segment. Larvae of Lutrochidae and Elmidae, as well as the limnichid genus ''Hyphalus'', have anal gill tufts. Almost all byrrhoid larvae have anterior abdominal spiracles that are biforous (or bilabiate) in shape. The degree of wing d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byrrhus Pilula
''Byrrhus pilula'', the common pill beetle, is a Holarctic species of beetle in the family Byrrhidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Description The body is short and stout and brown with rows of dark and light brown markings on the elytra. Body length is 6.7 to 9.3 mm. Biology Pill beetles can retract all their appendages into ventral body grooves-so feigning death and are then said to resemble or mimic a rabbit dropping or seed. Both larvae and adults feed on moss, algae and liverworts. Main habitats include moorland, heathland and sandy shorelines. They are found beneath logs and stones and at plant roots on damp, sandy or stony soils. They form part of the diet of the Red Kite in Wales P. E. Davis & J. E. Davis (1981) The food of the Red Kite in Wales, ''Bird Study'', 28:1, 33-40, DOI: 10.1080/0006365810947669online/ref> and have been found in Kestrel and Little Owl pellets. Distribution In the Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutellum (insect Anatomy)
The scutellum is the posterior portion of either the mesonotum or the metanotum of an insect Insects (from Latin ') are Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (Insect morphology#Head, head, ... thorax; however, it is used almost exclusively in the former context, as the metanotum is rather reduced in most insect groups. In the Hemiptera, and some Coleoptera, the scutellum is a small triangular plate behind the pronotum and between the forewing bases. In Diptera and Hymenoptera, the scutellum is nearly always distinct, but much smaller than (and immediately posterior to) the mesoscutum. File:Heteroptera morphology-d.svg, 26 = Heteroptera scutellum File:Housefly anatomy-key.svg, 6 = Diptera scutellum File:Coléoptère schématique.jpg, 9 = Coleoptera scutellum File:Scheme ant worker anatomy-numbered.svg, 10 = Formicidae sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moss
Mosses are small, non-vascular plant, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic phylum, division Bryophyta (, ) ''sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Wilhelm Philippe Schimper, Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise Marchantiophyta, liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. Mosses typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple leaf, leaves that are generally only one cell thick, attached to a plant stem, stem that may be branched or unbranched and has only a limited role in conducting water and nutrients. Although some species have conducting tissues, these are generally poorly developed and structurally different from similar tissue found in vascular plants. Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilisation develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing sporangium, spores. They are typically tall, though some species ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algae
Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as cyanobacteria, ''Chlorella'', and diatoms, to multicellular macroalgae such as kelp or brown algae which may grow up to in length. Most algae are aquatic organisms and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem, and phloem that are found in embryophyte, land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds. In contrast, the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta, a Division (taxonomy), division of green algae which includes, for example, ''Spirogyra'' and stoneworts. Algae that are carried passively by water are plankton, specifically phytoplankton. Algae constitute a Polyphyly, polyphyletic group because they do not include a common ancestor, and although Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically evolved to feed on plants, especially upon vascular tissues such as foliage, fruits or seeds, as the main component of its diet. These more broadly also encompass animals that eat non-vascular autotrophs such as mosses, algae and lichens, but do not include those feeding on decomposed plant matters (i.e. detritivores) or macrofungi (i.e. fungivores). As a result of their plant-based diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouth structures ( jaws or mouthparts) well adapted to mechanically break down plant materials, and their digestive systems have special enzymes (e.g. amylase and cellulase) to digest polysaccharides. Grazing herbivores such as horses and cattles have wide flat- crowned teeth that are better adapted for grinding grass, tree bark and other tougher lignin-containing materials, and many of them evolved rumination or cecotropic behaviors to better extract nutrients from plants. A larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stygoparnus
''Stygoparnus'' is a monotypic genus''Stygoparnus''. BugGuide.net of containing the single species ''Stygoparnus comalensis'', which is known by the common name Comal Springs dryopid beetle. This rare beetle is to in the United States, where it is known from two springs. It is a federally listed |
Elminae
Elminae is a subfamily of riffle beetles in the family Elmidae. There are at least 120 genera and more than 1,300 described species in Elminae. Genera These genera belong to the subfamily Elminae. * '' Aesobia'' Jäch, 1982 * '' Amazonopsis'' Barr, 2018 * '' Ampumixis'' Sanderson, 1954 * '' Ancyronyx'' Erichson, 1847 * '' Anommatelmis'' Spangler, 1981 * '' Aspidelmis'' Delève, 1954 * '' Atractelmis'' Chandler, 1954 * '' Aulacosolus'' Jäch & Boukal, 1997 * '' Austrelmis'' Brown, 1984 * '' Austrolimnius'' Carter & Zeck, 1929 * '' Bryelmis'' Barr, 2011 * '' Cephalolimnius'' Delève, 1973 * '' Cleptelmis'' Sanderson, 1954 * '' Coxelmis'' Carter & Zeck, 1929 * '' Ctenelmis'' Delève, 1964 * '' Cuspidevia'' Jäch & Boukal, 1995 * '' Cylloepus'' Erichson, 1847 * '' Dubiraphia'' Sanderson, 1954 * '' Dupophilus'' Mulsant & Rey, 1872 * '' Elachistelmis'' Maier, 2012 * '' Elmidolia'' Fairmaire, 1879 * '' Elmis'' Latreille, 1802 * '' Elpidemis'' Delève, 1964 * '' Eonychius'' Jäch & Bouka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larainae
Larainae is a subfamily of riffle beetles in the family Elmidae. There are more than 20 genera and 160 described species in Larainae. Genera These 28 genera belong to the subfamily Larainae: * '' Disersus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Dryopomorphus'' Hamilton, 1936 * '' Hexanchorus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Hispaniolara'' Brown, 1981 * '' Hydora'' Broun, 1882 * '' Hydrethus'' Fairmaire, 1889 * '' Hypsilara'' Maier & Spangler, 2011 * '' Jaechomorphus'' Kodada, 1993 * '' Laorina'' Jäch, 1997 * ''Lara'' LeConte, 1852 * '' Microlara'' Jäch, 1993 * '' Neblinagena'' Spangler, 1985 * '' Omotonus'' Delève, 1963 * '' Ovolara'' Brown, 1981 * '' Parapotamophilus'' Brown, 1981 * '' Phanoceroides'' Hinton, 1939 * '' Phanocerus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Pharceonus'' Spangler & Santiago-Fragoso, 1992 * '' Potamocares'' Grouvelle, 1920 * '' Potamodytes'' Grouvelle, 1896 * '' Potamogethes'' Delève, 1963 * '' Potamolatres'' Delève, 1963 * '' Potamophilinus'' Grouvelle, 1896 * '' Potamophilops'' Grouvelle, 1896 * '' P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aptery
Aptery is the anatomical condition of an animal completely lacking any kind of wings. An animal with this condition is said to be apterous. Most animal species belong to and are phylogenetic descendants of apterous taxa. These groups are said to be primarily apterous. Insects that are primarily apterous belong to the subclass Apterygota. Apterous is an adjective that means that the insect or organism is wingless and usually refers to a particular form of an insect that may have wings, or a wingless species in a group that typically has wings, e.g. many Orthoptera (grasshoppers and allies) and Hymenoptera (wasps). In some groups, one sex may be apterous while the other is winged, e.g. Mutillidae (velvet ants). In other cases, a particular form of an insect (but not all individuals) will be apterous, e.g. some Tetrigidae (pygmy grasshoppers). Wingless animals which belong to or are phylogenetic descendants of winged taxa are said to be secondarily apterous. 5% of extant Pterygota ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachyptery
Brachyptery is an anatomical condition in which an animal has very reduced wings. Such animals or their wings may be described as "brachypterous". Another descriptor for very small wings is microptery. Brachypterous wings generally are not functional as organs of flight and often seem to be totally functionless and vestigial. In some species, however, flightless wings may have other functions, such as aposematic display in some Orthoptera and Phasmatodea. Brachyptery occurs commonly among insects. An insect species might evolve towards brachyptery by reducing its flight muscles and their associated energy demands, or by avoiding the hazards of flight in windy conditions on oceanic islands, in which flying insects are prone to drowning. Brachyptery also is common in ectoparasitic insects that have no use for wings, and inquiline insects with socially parasitic life strategies that do not require functional wings. '' Pterostichus melanarius'' is an example of an insect beetle speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wing
A wing is a type of fin that produces both Lift (force), lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform (aeronautics), planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics is the study of wing performance in air. Equivalent Foil (fluid mechanics), foils that move through water are found on Hydrofoil, hydrofoil power vessels and Sailing hydrofoil, foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged. Hydrodynamics is the study of foil performance in water. Etymology and usage The word "wing" from the Old Norse ''vængr'' for many centuries referred mainly to the foremost limb (anatomy), limbs of birds (in addition to the architectural aisle). But in recent centuries the word's meaning ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiracle (arthropods)
A spiracle or stigma is the opening in the exoskeletons of insects, myriapods, velvet worms and many arachnids to allow air to enter the trachea. Insect respiratory system differs from vertebrates'. The circulatory system plays a relatively minor role in circulating oxygen and removing carbon dioxide; instead, trachea and air sacs in the insect body allow direct gas exchange, and these tracheal tubes eventually connect to the external environment via spiracles. In most species, the spiracles are controlled by motor neurons in the central nervous system. It can be opened and closed in an efficient manner to admit air while minimizing associated physiological costs, such as water loss during respiration. Many sensory stimuli can affect the control of spiracles in insects, e.g. chemosensory (carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc.) or mechanosensory (sound, touch, etc.). It has been shown that during metabolically intensive behaviors, such as flight, insects can dynamically modulate the spir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
