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Bronze Age Britain
Bronze Age Britain is an era of British history that spanned from until . Lasting for approximately 1,700 years, it was preceded by the era of Neolithic Britain and was in turn followed by the period of Iron Age Britain. Being categorised as the Bronze Age, it was marked by the use of copper and then bronze by the prehistoric Britons, who used such metals to fashion tools. Great Britain in the Bronze Age also saw the widespread adoption of agriculture. During the British Bronze Age, large megalithic monuments similar to those from the Late Neolithic continued to be constructed or modified, including such sites as Avebury, Stonehenge, Silbury Hill and Must Farm. That has been described as a time "when elaborate ceremonial practices emerged among some communities of subsistence agriculturalists of western Europe". History Early Bronze Age (EBA), c. 2500–1500 BC There is no clear consensus on the date for the beginning of the Bronze Age in Great Britain and Ireland. Some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Isles
The British Isles are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner Hebrides, Inner and Outer Hebrides, Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland), and over six thousand smaller islands. They have a total area of and a combined population of almost 72 million, and include two sovereign states, the Republic of Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of Ireland), and the United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands, off the north coast of France, are normally taken to be part of the British Isles, even though geographically they do not form part of the archipelago. Under the UK Interpretation Act 1978, the Channel Islands are clarified as forming part of the British Islands, not to be confused with the British Isles. The oldest rocks are 2.7 billion years old and are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Must Farm Bronze Age Settlement
Must Farm is a Bronze Age archaeological site consisting of five houses raised on stilts above a river built around 950 BC in Cambridgeshire, England. The settlement is exceptionally well preserved because of its sudden destruction by catastrophic fire and subsequent collapse onto oxygen-depleted river silts. The site is on the bed of a now-defunct river in Flag Fen basin, around south of Flag Fen itself. The site has been described as "Britain's Pompeii" because of its condition and was named Best Archaeological Project and Best Archaeological Discovery at the 2012 British Archaeological Awards, and Best Discovery at the 2016 Awards. An article describing the settlement won the '' Antiquity'' Prize 2020. Early excavations Wooden posts were first recognised at the site in 1999, leading to preliminary excavations in 2004 and 2006. Early finds at the site include a rapier and a sword in 1969. Between 2011 and 2012, eight Bronze Age log boats were discovered. The boats wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilburton-Wallington Phase
The Wilburton-Wallington Phase is the name given by archaeologists to a metalworking stage of the Bronze Age in Britain spanning the period between c. 1140 BCE and c. 1020 BCE. The Wilburton complex was present in the south of Britain and the Wallington (Northumberland) complex in the north. Both are characterised by the introduction of copper-lead-tin alloys in bronze making and by the manufacture of leaf-shaped slashing swords, socketed spearheads secured to a shaft with a peg, horse-bits and socketed axes. It is paralleled by the Poldar industries in Scotland and the Roscommon industries in Ireland as well as being linked with the Urnfield culture The Urnfield culture () was a late Bronze Age Europe, Bronze Age culture of Central Europe, often divided into several local cultures within a broader Urnfield tradition. The name comes from the custom of cremation, cremating the dead and placin ... A2-B1 in South Germany. It is preceded in Britain by the Penard Period, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urnfield Culture
The Urnfield culture () was a late Bronze Age Europe, Bronze Age culture of Central Europe, often divided into several local cultures within a broader Urnfield tradition. The name comes from the custom of cremation, cremating the dead and placing their ashes in urns, which were then buried in fields. The first usage of the name occurred in publications over grave sites in southern Germany in the late 19th century. Over much of Europe, the Urnfield culture followed the Tumulus culture and was succeeded by the Hallstatt culture. Some linguists and archaeologists have associated this culture with a Celtic languages, pre-Celtic language or Proto-Celtic language family.Peter Schrijver, 2016, "Sound Change, the Italo-Celtic Linguistic Unity, and the Italian Homeland of Celtic", in John T. Koch & Barry Cunniffe, ''Celtic From the West 3: Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages: questions of shared language''. Oxford, England; Oxbow Books, pp. 9, 489–502. By the end of the 2nd millennium BC, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze Age Sword
Bronze Age swords appeared from around the 17th century BC, in the Black Sea and Aegean regions, as a further development of the dagger. They were replaced by iron swords during the early part of the 1st millennium BC. Typical Bronze Age swords were between 60 and 80 cm long, significantly shorter weapons are categorized as '' short swords'' or daggers. From an early time swords with lengths in excess of 100 cm were also produced. The necessary technology appears to have been developed in the Aegean around 1700 BC, using alloys of copper and tin or arsenic. Before about 1400 BC swords remained mostly limited to the Aegean and southeastern Europe. During the final centuries of the 2nd millennium BC their use spread to Central Europe and Britain, to the Near East, Central Asia, Northern India and to China. Predecessors Before bronze, stone (such as flint and obsidian) was used as the primary material for edged cutting tools and weapons. Stone, however, is too brittl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knighton Heath Period
The Knighton Heath Period is the name given by Colin Burgess (archaeologist), Colin Burgess to a phase of the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age in Prehistoric Britain, Britain following the Bedd Branwen Period and spanning the period 1400 BC to 1200 BC. It was succeeded by the Penard Period. History The ''Knighton Heath Period'' marks the end of the rich Wessex culture and the increasingly wider use of Deverel-Rimbury culture pottery. Cremation cemetery, Cremation cemeteries remained the dominant burial rite and regional styles such as the Ardleigh urns of East Anglia and the St Eval, Trevisker urns of Cornwall emerged. In terms of metalworking, the period saw the end of the Acton Park, Wales, Acton Park phase of bronze tool manufacture and the rise of much more Continentally-influenced industries in what is called the Middle Bronze Age ornament horizon. These included the Taunton Phase in southern England, the Glentrool industries in Bronze Age Scotland, Scotland and the Bishopsl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedd Branwen Period
The Bedd Branwen Period is the name given by Colin Burgess to a division of the early Bronze Age in Britain covering the period between 1650 BC and 1400 BC. It follows his Overton Period and is superseded by his Knighton Heath Period. It covers the period after the end of the Beaker tradition and the early Wessex culture, and was a time when cremation became an almost universal burial rite in Britain. Earlier round barrow A round barrow is a type of tumulus and is one of the most common types of archaeological monuments. Although concentrated in Europe, they are found in many parts of the world, probably because of their simple construction and universal purpose. ...s were re-used for cremation cemeteries although new barrows were also still being built. The pottery of the Deverel-Rimbury culture appears alongside the earlier collared urns in the archaeological record during this period and metalworking developed through the Arreton Down and Acton Park industries. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overton Period
The Overton Period is the name given by archaeologist Colin Burgess to a division of prehistory in Britain covering the period between 2000 BC and 1650 BC. It follows the Mount Pleasant Period and precedes the Bedd Branwen Period, and is named after the typesite of the West Overton barrow cemetery in Wiltshire. During the Overton Period the first signs of Bronze Age burial practices – urned cremations and food vessel burials – appear in the archaeological record, as well as the last stages of the use of Beaker pottery. Rich Wessex culture burials emerged during the period such as that at Bush Barrow near Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric Megalith, megalithic structure on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, west of Amesbury. It consists of an outer ring of vertical sarsen standing stones, each around high, wide, and weighing around 25 tons, to .... Characteristic metalworking types include the Amorico-British dagger and the Falkland industries, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wessex Culture
The Wessex culture is the predominant prehistoric culture of central and southern Britain during the early Bronze Age, originally defined by the British archaeologist Stuart Piggott in 1938. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology – Timothy Darvill, 2002, Wessex culture, p.464, Oxford University Press, The culture is related to the of the southern Netherlands, Belgium and northern France, and linked to the Armorican Tumulus culture in northern France and the |
Bush Barrow
Bush Barrow is a site of the early British Bronze Age Wessex culture (c. 2000 BC), at the western end of the Normanton Down Barrows cemetery in Wiltshire, England. It is among the most important sites of the Stonehenge complex, having produced some of the most spectacular grave goods in Britain. It was excavated in 1808 by William Cunnington for Sir Richard Colt Hoare. The finds, including worked gold objects, are displayed at Wiltshire Museum in Devizes. The finds from Bush Barrow have been described as "the Crown Jewels of the King of Stonehenge". Description Bush Barrow lies around 1 kilometre southwest of Stonehenge on Normanton Down. It forms part of the Normanton Down Barrows cemetery. The surviving earthworks have an overall diameter of and comprise a large mound, with breaks in the slope suggesting three phases of development. The barrow currently stands 3.3 metres high and its summit measures 10.5 metres in diameter. The barrow is one of the "associated sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Pleasant Phase
The Mount Pleasant Period is a phase of the later Neolithic in Britain dating to between c. 2750 BC and 2000 BC. It was so named by Colin Burgess in the 1970s using Mount Pleasant henge as its typesite. The period is divided into three phases, the Frankford industries, the Migdale-Marnoch industries and then the Ballyvalley-Aylesford industries. During this period, Beaker pottery appears in the archaeological record and metalworking, initially using copper and gold but with bronze working appearing at the end. It followed the Meldon Bridge Period and was superseded by the Overton Period The Overton Period is the name given by archaeologist Colin Burgess to a division of prehistory in Britain covering the period between 2000 BC and 1650 BC. It follows the Mount Pleasant Period and precedes the Bedd Branwen Period, and is nam .... There are parallels with the Unetice culture of continental Europe. Notes References Periods of the British Bronze Age {{UK-arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Britain BC
Francis Manning Marlborough Pryor (born 13 January 1945) is an English archaeologist specialising in the study of the Bronze and Iron Ages in Britain. He is best known for his discovery and excavation of Flag Fen, a Bronze Age archaeological site near Peterborough, as well as for his frequent appearances on the Channel 4 television series ''Time Team''.PRYOR, Francis Manning Marlborough', Who's Who 2012, A & C Black, 2012; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2011; online edn, Nov 201accessed 13 Jan 2012/ref> Born to a Burke's Landed Gentry family, Pryor studied at Eton College before going on to study archaeology at Trinity College, Cambridge. With his first wife, Sylvia Page, he moved to Canada, where he worked as a technician at the Royal Ontario Museum for a year before returning to Britain. He has now retired from full-time field archaeology, but still appears on television and writes books as well as being a working sheep farmer. Biography Pryor is the son of Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
