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Bridges Completed In 2002
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge, dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese is one of the oldest arch bridges in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of the word ''bridge' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temporary Wooden Footbridge Leading To The City Of Luang Prabang
Temporary or Temporaries may refer to: *''Temporaries'', also titled ''Richelieu'', a 2023 Canadian drama film directed by Pier-Philippe Chevigny *''Temporary'', a TV series created by Cyrina Fiallo and Chrissie Fit in 2017 *Temporary (song), "Temporary" (song), a song by Eminem from the 2024 album ''The Death of Slim Shady'' *Temporary (album), ''Temporary'' (album), a 2025 studio album by Everything Is Recorded See also *Temp (other), short for "temporary" {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Mindaugas Bridge, Vilnius
King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a constitutional monarch if his power is restrained by fixed laws. Kings are hereditary monarchs when they inherit power by birthright and elective monarchs when chosen to ascend the throne. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the title may refer to tribal kingship. Germanic kingship is cognate with Indo-European traditions of tribal rulership (cf. Indic '' rājan'', Gothic '' reiks'', and Old Irish '' rí'', etc.). *In the context of classical antiquity, king may translate in Latin as '' rex'' and in Greek as '' archon'' or ''basileus''. *In classical European feudalism, the title of ''king'' as the ruler of a ''kingdom'' is understood to be the highest rank in the feudal order, potentially subject, at least nominally, only to an emperor (harking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seedamm
The Rapperswil Seedamm is the artificial causeway at the narrowest area of Lake Zurich between Hurden, Hurden (SZ) and Rapperswil (SG). The structure contains two bridge segments and is approximately long. The Seedamm carries a road () and a Rapperswil–Pfäffikon railway, railway across the lake, with the railway being used by the S5 (ZVV), S5 and S40 (ZVV), S40 services of Zurich S-Bahn and by Südostbahn's Voralpen Express. The Melide causeway across a narrow section at Lake Lugano is comparable to the Seedamm. Geography and location The Seedamm connects the Switzerland, Swiss cantons of Canton of Schwyz, Schwyz (Hurden) and Canton of St. Gallen, St. Gallen (Rapperswil). The village of Hurden is located on a peninsula protruding from the south shore of Lake Zurich. This peninsula, a terminal moraine, was formed by an ice age glacier (Linth glacier) ca. 17'000 years ago. The Hurden peninsula and the Seedamm divide the main part of Lake Zurich from its upper part, the O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Zürich
Lake Zurich (, ; ) is a lake in Switzerland, extending southeast of the city of Zurich. Depending on the context, Lake Zurich or can be used to describe the lake as a whole, or just that part of the lake downstream of the Hurden peninsula and Seedamm causeway (between Pfäffikon, Schwyz, Pfäffikon and Rapperswil). In the latter case, the upstream part of the lake is called ''Obersee (Lake Zurich), Obersee'' (), while the lower part is sometimes also referred to as the Lower Lake (), respectively. Geography Lake Zurich is a glacial lake that was formed by the . Its main tributary is the River Linth, which rises in the glaciers of the Glarus Alps. The Linth originally flew directly into Lake Zurich, but was later diverted by the Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth, Escher canal (completed in 1811) into Lake Walen () from where its waters are now carried to the east end of Lake Zurich (near Schmerikon) by means of the straightened Linth canal (completed in 1816). Until the early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden
Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden is a wooden pedestrian bridge between the city of Rapperswil and the village of Hurden crossing the Obersee (the upper part of Lake Zurich) in Switzerland. On 6 April 2001, the footbridge was opened. With a length of it is the longest wooden bridge in Switzerland. The wooden bridge has many predecessors. Wooden structures enabling lake crossings in the same area were already built thousands of years ago. Geography The pedestrian bridge is located next to the so-called Seedamm, a stone and metal structure which includes two bridges. Like the Seedamm it connects Rapperswil in the canton of St. Gallen and Hurden in the canton of Schwyz. The water area between Rapperswil and Hurden is the narrowest and shallowest part of Lake Zurich. While the Seedamm separates the Obersee part from the main part of Lake Zurich, the pedestrian bridge crosses the Obersee. Earlier wooden bridges Neolithic and Bronze Age The oldest remains of bridges or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timber Bridge
A timber bridge or wooden bridge is a bridge that uses timber or wood as its principal structural material. One of the first forms of bridge, those of timber have been used since ancient times. History The most ancient form of timber bridge is the log bridge, created by felling a tree over a gap needing to be crossed. Among the oldest timber bridges is the Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden crossing upper Lake Zürich in Switzerland; the prehistoric timber piles discovered to the west of the Seedamm date back to 1523 B.C. The first wooden footbridge led across Lake Zürich, followed by several reconstructions at least until the late 2nd century AD, when the Roman Empire built a wooden bridge. Between 1358 and 1360, Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, built a 'new' wooden bridge across the lake that was used until 1878 – measuring approximately in length and wide. On April 6, 2001, the reconstructed wooden footbridge was opened, being the longest wooden bridge in Switzerland. The Kapell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human-made
Artificiality (the state of being artificial, anthropogenic, or man-made) is the state of being the product of intentional human manufacture, rather than occurring nature, naturally through processes not involving or requiring human activity. Connotations Artificiality often carries with it the implication of being false, counterfeit, or deceptive. The philosopher Aristotle wrote in his ''Rhetoric (Aristotle), Rhetoric'': However, artificiality does not necessarily have a negative connotation, as it may also reflect the ability of humans to replicate forms or functions arising in nature, as with an artificial heart or artificial intelligence. Political scientist and artificial intelligence expert Herbert A. Simon observes that "some artificial things are imitations of things in nature, and the imitation may use either the same basic materials as those in the natural object or quite different materials.Herbert A. Simon, ''The Sciences of the Artificial'' (1996), p. 4. Simon dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abutments
An abutment is the Bridge#Structure types, substructure at the ends of a bridge Span (architecture), span or dam supporting its Bridge#Structure types, superstructure. Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that provide vertical and lateral support for the span, as well as acting as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen cut and fill, fill of the bridge approach. Multi-span bridges require pier (architecture), piers to support ends of spans unsupported by abutments. Dam abutments are generally the sides of a valley or gorge, but may be artificial in order to support arch dams such as Kurobe Dam in Japan. The civil engineering term may also refer to the structure supporting one side of an arch, or masonry used to resist the lateral forces of a vault (architecture), vault.Pevsner, N. (1970) ''Cornwall''; 2nd ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 245 The impost (architecture), impost or abacus (architecture), abacus of a column in classical architecture may al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hewn
In woodworking, hewing is the process of converting a trunk (botany), log from its rounded natural form into lumber (timber) with more or less flat surfaces using primarily an axe. It is an ancient method, and before the advent the sawmills, it was a standard way of squaring up wooden beam (structure), beams for timber framing. Today it is still used occasionally for that purpose by anyone who has logs, needs beams, and cannot or would prefer not to pay for finished lumber. Thus, homesteading, homesteaders on frugal budgets, for example, may hew their own lumber rather than buy it. Definitions ''Hew'' is a general term meaning to strike or blow with a tool such as an axe or sword; to chop or gash, and is used in warfare, stone and woodcutting, and coal and salt mining in this sense. Hewing wood is to shape the wood with a sharp instrument such as an axe, specifically flattening one or more sides of a log. Methods As an ancient method of timber ''conversion'', different method ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. The office produces and distributes information products and services for all three branches of the Federal Government, including U.S. passports for the Department of State as well as the official publications of the Supreme Court, the Congress, the Executive Office of the President, executive departments, and independent agencies. An act of Congress changed the office's name to its current form in 2014. History Establishment of the Government Printing Office The Government Printing Office was created by congressional joint resolution () on June 23, 1860. It began operations March 4, 1861, with 350 employees and reached a peak employment of 8,500 in 1972. The agency began transformation to computer technology in the 1980s; along with the gradual replacement of paper with el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Log Bridge
A log bridge is a timber bridge that uses logs that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. The first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees. The use of emplaced logs is now sometimes used in temporary bridges used for logging roads, where a forest tract is to be harvested and the road then abandoned. Such log bridges have a severely limited lifetime due to soil contact and subsequent rot and wood-eating insect infestation. Longer lasting log bridges may be constructed by using treated logs and/or by providing well drained footings National Parks Conference 1915, p. 59. "If we can design the abutment so that no moisture can collect under the logs the life of the bridge is materially increased." of stone or concrete combined with regular maintenance to prevent soil infiltration. This care in construction can be seen in the French bridge illustrated below, which has well locked dry set stone abutments and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Current Archaeology
''Current Archaeology'' is a British monthly archaeology magazine. Summary ''Current Archaeology'' describes itself as the "United Kingdom's best selling archaeology magazine", a claim substantiated by British Archaeological Jobs and Resources online, which labels the title "Britain's favourite archaeology magazine". It was founded in 1967 by Andrew Selkirk, a Society of Antiquaries of London, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and the present editor-in-chief. Issue 1 was mailed free of charge to university academics and archaeologists, with invitations to become subscribers from Issue 2. The magazine now has more than 14,000 subscribers worldwide. From 1967 to 2007 the magazine was bi-monthly, becoming monthly in November 2007. Rob Selkirk is publisher of the magazine, through Current Publishing (UK), Current Publishing. The magazine covers all periods of British archaeology, from prehistory to the present day. It also publishes an annual ''Archaeology Handbook'', which aims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
