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Batak Mythology
Batak mythology is the original belief that was once adopted by the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia, namely before the arrival of Protestant, Catholic, or Islamic religions. There are various '' tarombo'' (ancestor myth) versions written on '' pustaha'' (ancient books) which historians study, but generally refer to the figures below. In this belief, the highest god who made the universe and everything in it was ''Debata (Ompung) Mulajadi na Bolon'', who reigned in the sky. Apart from being the ruler of the upper world, ''Debata Mulajadi na Bolon'' was also the ruler of the middle world, and the underworld of the spirits, but there he was called by other names. As the ruler of the middle world, he was called ''Silaon na Bolon'', and as the ruler of the world of the spirits, he was called ''Pane na Bolon''. The first creation of ''Debata Mulajadi na Bolon'' was ''Manukmanuk Hulambujati'', a magical chicken with an iron-beaked and shinny braceleted-claws. Manukmanuk Hulambuj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paper Museum In Atlanta 010
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses, herbivore dung, or other vegetable sources in water. Once the water is drained through a fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, it can be pressed and dried. The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, today it is mass-produced on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, painting, graphics, signage, design, packaging, decorating, writing, and cleaning. It may also be used as filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myth
Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society. For scholars, this is very different from the vernacular usage of the term "myth" that refers to a belief that is not true. Instead, the veracity of a myth is not a defining criterion. Myths are often endorsed by religious (when they are closely linked to religion or spirituality) and secular authorities. Many societies group their myths, legends, and history together, considering myths and legends to be factual accounts of their remote past. In particular, creation myths take place in a primordial age when the world had not achieved its later form. Origin myths explain how a society's Norm (social), customs, institutions, and taboos were established and sanctified. National myths are narratives about a nation's past that symbolize the nation's values. There is a complex relationship between Myth and ritual, recital of myths and the enactment of rituals. Etymology The w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batak People
Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo people (Indonesia), Karo, Pakpak people, Pakpak, Simalungun people, Simalungun, Batak Toba people, Toba, Angkola people, Angkola, Mandailing people, Mandailing and related ethnic groups with distinct languages and traditional customs (''adat''). History Prehistory While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to the existence of Neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage. Although the Batak are often considered to be isolated peoples due to their location inland, away from the influence of seafaring European colonials, there is evidence that they have been involved in trade with neighbouring kingdoms for a millennium or more. Influenced by Tamil Peoples Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sumatra
North Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan on the east coast of the island. It borders Aceh to the northwest, Riau to the southeast, West Sumatra to the south, the Indian Ocean to the west, and the Strait of Malacca (with a maritime border with Malaysia) to the east. With a 2020 population around 14.8 million and a mid-2024 estimate around 15.6 million, North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province and the most populous province outside of Java, Java Island. At , North Sumatra is the third-largest province in area on the island of Sumatra behind South Sumatra and Riau. Major ethnic groups include the Malay Indonesian, Malay, native to the east coast; several Batak groups, indigenous to the west coast and central highlands; the Nias people of Nias, Nias Island and its surrounding islets; and Chinese Indonesian, Chinese, Javanese people, Javanese, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarombo
''Tarombo'' is a term for genealogy in Batak Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo people ( ... culture/language. The Batak believe that they all come from the same ancestor: Si Raja Batak, the Batak patriarch. They kept the genealogy line tracing back to this ancestor, called Tarombo Batak. Its origins have been clouded with legends. References Batak Genealogy {{ethno-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pustaha
Pustaha (Batak script: ᯇᯮᯘ᯲ᯖᯂ) is the magic book of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The book contains magical formulas, divinations, recipes, and laws. The pustaha is written and compiled by a Batak magician-priest (datu). Etymology The name ''pustaha'' is borrowed from the Sanskrit word ''pustaka'' (Sanskrit पुस्तक) meaning "book" or "manuscript". This indicates an earlier influence of Hinduism on the culture of Batak. Form and material Physically, a pustaha consists of two hardcovers (''lampak'') and pages made of softened tree bark (''laklak'') for the writings. The hardcover is usually carved with motifs of an ilik, a gecko which represents the deity Boraspati ni Tano, a beneficial earth deity of the Toba Batak people. The pages are made of the bark of the ''alim'' tree or the agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). The bark is softened in rice water, folded and secured between the two hardcovers. Alim tree can be found growing in the regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underworld
The underworld, also known as the netherworld or hell, is the supernatural world of the dead in various religious traditions and myths, located below the world of the living. Chthonic is the technical adjective for things of the underworld. The concept of an underworld is found in almost every civilization and "may be as old as humanity itself". Common features of underworld myths are accounts of living people making journeys to the underworld, often for some heroic purpose. Other myths reinforce traditions that the entrance of souls to the underworld requires a proper observation of ceremony, such as the ancient Greek story of the recently dead Patroclus haunting Achilles until his body could be properly buried for this purpose. People with high social status were dressed and equipped in order to better navigate the underworld. A number of mythologies incorporate the concept of the soul of the deceased making its own journey to the underworld, with the dead needing to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batak
Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo people (Indonesia), Karo, Pakpak people, Pakpak, Simalungun people, Simalungun, Batak Toba people, Toba, Angkola people, Angkola, Mandailing people, Mandailing and related ethnic groups with distinct languages and traditional customs (''adat''). History Prehistory While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to the existence of Neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage. Although the Batak are often considered to be isolated peoples due to their location inland, away from the influence of seafaring European colonials, there is evidence that they have been involved in trade with neighbouring kingdoms for a millennium or more. Influenced by Tamil Peoples Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mythology Of Indonesia
The mythology of Indonesia is very diverse, the Indonesian people consisting of hundreds of ethnic groups, each with their own myths and legends that explain the origin of their people, the tales of their ancestors and the demons or deities in their belief systems. The tendency to syncretize by overlying older traditions with newer foreign ideas has occurred. For example, the older ancestral mythology might be merged with foreign mythology, such as Hindu, Islam, or Christian biblical mythology. Foreign influences Some native Indonesian ethnic groups that were isolated from the rest of the world until recent centuries have their own native myths and gods. These native mythologies are relatively free from foreign influences, such as Torajans, Nias, Bataks, Dayaks and Papuans. By contrast, Javanese, Balinese and Sundanese were influenced by Hindu-Buddhist Indian mythology as early as the 1st century CE. Hindu gods, legends and epics such as ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmalim
The term Parmalim or malim describes the followers of the '' Malim religion'' (''Ugamo Malim'' or Batak nation religion), the modern form of the traditional Batak Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo people ( ... religion. People who are not familiar with the Batak language may erroneously assume Parmalim is the name of the religion rather than its practitioners. At the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century the Parmalim movement, which originated in Toba lands spread to other areas of the Batak lands. Especially in the lower Karo lands, the 'dusun' the Malim religion, became very influential as an expression of anti-colonial sentiments at the turn of the 20th century. Today the majority of Parmalim are Toba Batak. The largest of the several existing Parmalim gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batak Mythology
Batak mythology is the original belief that was once adopted by the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia, namely before the arrival of Protestant, Catholic, or Islamic religions. There are various '' tarombo'' (ancestor myth) versions written on '' pustaha'' (ancient books) which historians study, but generally refer to the figures below. In this belief, the highest god who made the universe and everything in it was ''Debata (Ompung) Mulajadi na Bolon'', who reigned in the sky. Apart from being the ruler of the upper world, ''Debata Mulajadi na Bolon'' was also the ruler of the middle world, and the underworld of the spirits, but there he was called by other names. As the ruler of the middle world, he was called ''Silaon na Bolon'', and as the ruler of the world of the spirits, he was called ''Pane na Bolon''. The first creation of ''Debata Mulajadi na Bolon'' was ''Manukmanuk Hulambujati'', a magical chicken with an iron-beaked and shinny braceleted-claws. Manukmanuk Hulambuj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
