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Barcodes
A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, Machine-readable data, machine-readable form. Initially, barcodes represented data by varying the widths, spacings and sizes of parallel lines. These barcodes, now commonly referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D), can be scanned by special optical scanners, called barcode readers, of which there are several types. Later, two-dimensional (2D) variants were developed, using rectangles, dots, hexagons and other patterns, called ''2D barcodes'' or ''matrix codes'', although they do not use bars as such. Both can be read using purpose-built 2D optical scanners, which exist in a few different forms. Matrix codes can also be read by a digital camera connected to a microcomputer running software that takes a photographic image of the barcode and analyzes the image to deconstruct and decode the code. A mobile device with a built-in camera, such as a smartphone, can function as the latter type of barcode reader usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Universal Product Code
The Universal Product Code (UPC or UPC code) is a barcode#Symbologies, barcode symbology that is used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores. The chosen symbology has bars (or spaces) of exactly 1, 2, 3, or 4 units wide each; each decimal digit to be encoded consists of two bars and two spaces chosen to have a total width of 7 units, in both an "even" and an "odd" wikt:parity#Noun, parity form, which enables being scanned in either direction. Special "guard patterns" (3 or 5 units wide, not encoding a digit) are intermixed to help decoding. A UPC (technically, a UPC-A) consists of 12 digits that are uniquely assigned to each trade item. The international GS1 organisation assigns the digits used for both the UPC and the related International Article Number (EAN) barcode. UPC data structures are a component of Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and follow the global GS1 specification, which is based on international standards. Some retailers, such as clothing and furniture, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Plessey
The Plessey Company plc was a British electronics, defence and telecommunications company. It originated in 1917, growing and diversifying into electronics. It expanded after World War II by acquisition of companies and formed overseas companies. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 1989, it was taken over by a consortium formed by GEC and Siemens which split the assets of the Plessey group. The majority of Plessey's defence assets were amalgamated into BAE Systems in 1999 when British Aerospace merged with the defence arm of GEC, Marconi Electronic Systems (MES). The Plessey Microsystems division was the subject of a management buyout in 1988 becoming Radstone Technology, which survives today as part of Abaco Systems based in Towcester, Northamptonshire. The bulk of Plessey's telecommunications assets were acquired by Ericsson through its 2005 acquisition of Marconi Communications, a successor company of GEC. History E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Barcode Reader
A barcode reader or barcode scanner is an optical scanner that can read printed barcodes and send the data they contain to computer. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens, and a light sensor for translating optical impulses into electrical signals. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain ''decoder'' circuitry that can analyse the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and send the barcode's content to the scanner's output port. Types of barcode scanners Technology Barcode readers can be differentiated by technologies as follows: Pen-type readers Pen-type readers consist of a light source and photodiode that are placed next to each other at the tip of a pen. To read a barcode, the person holding the pen must move the tip of it across the bars at a relatively uniform speed. The photodiode measures the intensity of the light reflected back from the light source as the tip crosses each bar and space in the printed code. The photodiode g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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George Laurer
George Joseph Laurer III (September 23, 1925 – December 5, 2019) was an American engineer for IBM at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina. He published 20 bulletins, held 28 patents and developed the Universal Product Code (UPC) in the early 1970s. He devised the coding and pattern used for the UPC, based on Joe Woodland's more general idea for barcodes. Early life George Laurer was born on September 23, 1925, in New York City. His family moved to Baltimore, Maryland, so his father, an electrical engineer, could work for the United States Navy. Laurer recovered from polio which he contracted as a teenager, nonetheless, while in 11th grade, he was drafted into the U.S. Army during World War II. After being discharged from the military, he attended technical school where he studied radio and television repair. Upon completion of his first year at the technical school, his instructor convinced him that he should not continue that course of study, but that he should go to col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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KarTrak ACI
KarTrak, sometimes KarTrak ACI (''Automatic Car Identification'') or just ACI was a colored barcode system designed to automatically identify railcars and other rolling stock. KarTrak was made a requirement in North America in 1967, but technical problems led to the abandonment of the system by around 1977. History Issue and early development Railroads have struggled with the tracking of railroad cars across their vast networks, a problem that became worse with the increased growth of systems and movement of rail cars from network to network via interchange. A railroad's car could end up a thousand miles away on another company's tracks. This didn't factor the ever growing fleet of privately owned railroad cars, from companies such as TrailerTrain and Union Tank Car Company, who owned massive fleets of railroad cars, but were not actually railroads. A missing car took time to track down, often requiring workers to walk rail yards looking at cars until it was located. In 1959 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Automatic Identification And Data Capture
Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) refers to the methods of automatically identifying objects, collecting data about them, and entering them directly into computer systems, without human involvement. Technologies typically considered as part of AIDC include QR codes, bar codes, radio frequency identification (RFID), biometrics (like iris and facial recognition system), magnetic stripes, optical character recognition (OCR), smart cards, and voice recognition. AIDC is also commonly referred to as "Automatic Identification", "Auto-ID" and "Automatic Data Capture". AIDC is the process or means of obtaining external data, particularly through the analysis of images, sounds, or videos. To capture data, a transducer is employed which converts the actual image or a sound into a digital file. The file is then stored and at a later time, it can be analyzed by a computer, or compared with other files in a database to verify identity or to provide authorization to enter a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Bernard Silver
Bernard Silver (September 21, 1924 – August 28, 1963) was an electrical engineer and early developer of barcode technology alongside Norman Joseph Woodland. Silver earned his Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Drexel Institute of Technology in 1947. In 1948 Silver paired with Norman Joseph Woodland to come up with an automated way to read product data after overhearing the conversation of a local grocery store president. Their initial results, a system of lines and circles based on Morse code, was replaced with a bulls eye pattern so it could be scanned from any direction. Silver and Woodland filed a patent for their system on October 20, 1949. was granted on October 7, 1952. "The two men eventually sold their patent to Philco for $15,000 — all they ever made from their invention." During his career Silver served as a physics instructor at Drexel and as vice-president of Electro Nite Inc. He died August 28, 1963, of bronchopneumonia due to acute myelog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Marsh Supermarkets
Marsh Supermarkets was an American retail food chain headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, with a peak number of 86 stores in 2013 located throughout central Indiana and parts of western Ohio (including metropolitan Cincinnati). Its eventual parent company was Sun Capital Partners, headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida. The company filed for bankruptcy on May 11, 2017, and was eventually liquidated. Topvalco, Inc., a subsidiary of supermarket competitor Kroger purchased 11 out of the 44 remaining stores while Ohio-based Fresh Encounter purchased another 15 stores. The unsold 18 stores were closed on or before July 8, 2017. History 1931-1959: The Ermal Marsh years Founded in 1931 in Muncie, Indiana, Muncie, the company went public in 1953 and grew to a maximum of 97 locations. Of the 97 locations, 69 were marketed as ''Marsh Supermarkets'', three were ''O'Malia's Markets'' and 25 were the ''MainStreet Market'' banner. The company's founder, Ermal Marsh, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Computer Conservation Society
The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a British organisation, founded in 1989. It is under the joint umbrella of the British Computer Society (BCS), the London Science Museum and the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry. Overview The CCS is interested in the history of computing in general and the conservation and preservation of early British historical computers in particular. The society runs a series of monthly public lectures between September and May each year in both London and Manchester. The events are detailed on the society's website. The CCS publishes a quarterly journal, ''Resurrection''. The society celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2014. Dr Doron Swade, formerly the curator of the computing collection at the London Science Museum, was a founding committee member and is the current chair of the society. David Morriss, Rachel Burnett, and Roger Johnson are previous chairs, also all previous presidents of the BCS. Projects The society organise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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British Computer Society
image:Maurice Vincent Wilkes 1980 (3).jpg, Sir Maurice Wilkes served as the first President of BCS in 1957. The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (UK), Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing. Overview With a worldwide membership of 57,625 members as of 2021, BCS is a registered Charitable organization, charity and was incorporated by Royal Charter in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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PSC Inc
PSC may refer to: Business * People with Significant Control, in United Kingdom company law * Personal service corporation, in United States tax law * Protein Sciences Corporation, an American biotech company * Public Service Commission (other), regulatory bodies, with competence varying by jurisdiction * Production sharing contract, a type of contract used in the resource extraction industry Government * Public Safety Canada * Pacific Salmon Commission * Public Service of Canada Education * Parkwood Secondary College, Ringwood North, Victoria, Australia * Parkdale Secondary College, Mordialloc, Victoria, Australia * Peter Symonds College, Winchester, UK * Pensacola State College, Pensacola, Florida * Peru State College, Peru, Nebraska * Philippine Science Consortium, an organization of tertiary schools in the Philippines * Photography Studies College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia * Polk State College, Polk County, Florida * Putonghua Proficiency Test ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |