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Aydınids
The Aydinids or Aydinid dynasty ( Modern Turkish: ''Aydınoğulları'', ''Aydınoğulları Beyliği'', Old Anatolian Turkish: آیدین اوغوللاری بیلیغی, also known as the Principality of Aydin and Beylik of Aydin (), was one of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks and famous for its seaborne raiding. Name The Aydinid dynasty is named after its founder, Aydin Bey. Capital The Beylik's capital was at first in Birgi, and later in Ayasoluk (present day Selçuk), and it was one of the frontier principalities established in the 14th century by Oghuric Bulgars after the decline of the Sultanate of Rûm. Its founders were Onogur who belonged to the Boyasını Tribe. History The Aydinids also held parts of the port of Smyrna (modern İzmir) all through their rule and all of the port city with intervals. Especially during the reign of Umur Bey, the sons of Aydın were a significant naval power of the time. The naval power of Aydin played a crucial role in the Byzantine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İzmir
İzmir is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara. It is on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, and is the capital of İzmir Province. In 2024, the city of İzmir had a population of 2,938,292 (in eleven urban districts), while İzmir Province had a total population of 4,493,242. Its built-up (or metro) area was home to 3,264,154 inhabitants. It extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River Delta; to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams; and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south. İzmir has more than 3,000 years of recorded history, recorded urban history, and Yeşilova Höyük, up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period. In classical antiquity, the city was known as Smyrna – a name which remained in use in English and various other languages until around 1930, when governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Civil War Of 1341–1347
The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, sometimes referred to as the Second Palaiologan Civil War, was a conflict that broke out in the Byzantine Empire after the death of Andronikos III Palaiologos over the guardianship of his nine-year-old son and heir, John V Palaiologos. It pitted on the one hand Andronikos III's chief minister, John VI Kantakouzenos, and on the other a regency headed by the Empress-Dowager Anna of Savoy, the Patriarch of Constantinople John XIV Kalekas, and the Alexios Apokaukos. The war polarized Byzantine society along class lines, with the aristocracy backing Kantakouzenos and the lower and middle classes supporting the regency. To a lesser extent, the conflict acquired religious overtones; Byzantium was embroiled in the Hesychast controversy, and adherence to the mysticism, mystical doctrine of Hesychasm was often equated with support for Kantakouzenos. As the chief aide and closest friend of Emperor Andronikos III, Kantakouzenos became regent for the u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isa Of Aydin
Isa Bey ruled the Aydınid principality from 1360 to 1390, succeeding his brother Khidr. He was the fifth and youngest son of Mubariz al-Din Muhammad Bey (1308–1334). During his reign, the town of Ayasuluk was relatively prosperous economy wise, and held good mercantile relations with the towns of Venice, Ragusa (modern-day Dubrovnik), and Genoa. His reign ended in 1390 when Ottoman ruler Bayezid I annexed the principality together with other Turkmen principalities that were located in western Rum. Bayezid shortly after married Isa Bey's daughter Hafsa Khatun. Isa Bey held interests in scholarship and learning, and was able to read Arabic, Persian and Old Anatolian Turkish. His undated tomb is located in Birgi Birgi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ödemiş, İzmir Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,832 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (''belde''). Its current name is a turkified version of its medieval Gr .... The precise da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smyrniote Crusades
The Smyrniote crusades (1343–1351) were two Crusades sent by Pope Clement VI against the Beylik of Aydin under Umur Bey which had as their principal target the coastal city of Smyrna in Asia Minor. The crusade was mostly successful in restricting piracy and leading to Umur's death and Smyrna remained in Latin hands until 1402. Background Smyrna had been conquered at the beginning of the 14th century by the Aydinids The Aydinids or Aydinid dynasty ( Modern Turkish: ''Aydınoğulları'', ''Aydınoğulları Beyliği'', Old Anatolian Turkish: آیدین اوغوللاری بیلیغی, also known as the Principality of Aydin and Beylik of Aydin (), was one ... who had used it since 1326-1329 as base for piracy in the southeastern Mediterranean sea. By the early 1340s the Aydinids and other Turkish beyliks had forced several Aegean islands to pay tributes and had devastated the surrounding coastal regions. The first Smyrniote crusade was the brainchild of Clement VI. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birgi
Birgi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ödemiş, İzmir Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,832 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (''belde''). Its current name is a turkified version of its medieval Greek name, Pyrgion (Greek: Πυργίον, meaning "Little Tower"). History In antiquity, the town was known as Dios Hieron (, 'Sanctuary of Zeus'), one of two cities thus named. The city became part of the Roman Republic and the Roman province of Asia with the annexation of the Kingdom of Pergamon. It was renamed to ''Christoupolis'' () in the 7th century and was known as ''Pyrgion'' () from the 12th century on. Pyrgion fell to the Turks in 1307, and became the capital of the beylik of Aydin. Ibn Battuta visited the city and attended a lecture by the eminent professor Muhyi al-Din. It was subsequently incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1390. Birgi is well known for its classic Seljuk and Ottoman architecture and has been lis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John VI Kantakouzenos
John VI Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzene (; ; – 15 June 1383) was a Byzantine Greek nobleman, statesman, and general. He served as grand domestic under Andronikos III Palaiologos and regent for John V Palaiologos before reigning as Byzantine emperor in his own right from 1347 to 1354. Deposed by his former ward, he was forced to retire to a monastery under the name () and spent the remainder of his life as a monk and historian. At age 90 or 91 at his death, he was the longest-lived of the Roman emperors. Early life Born in Constantinople, John Kantakouzenos was the son of Michael Kantakouzenos, governor of the Morea; Donald Nicol speculates that he may have been born after his father's death and raised as an only child. Through his mother Theodora Palaiologina Angelina, he was related to the then-reigning house of Palaiologos. He was also related to the imperial dynasty through his wife Irene Asanina, a second cousin of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos. Kantak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junayd Of Aydın
Junayd or Junaid or Junayed () and sometimes Jounaid is a male given name which means soldier or warrior. Persons with the given name Junaid *Junaid (born 1975), Pakistani politician *Junaid Babunagari (1953-2021), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar *Junaid Ismail Dockrat, South African Dentist *Junaid Hartley (born 1978), South African footballer *Junaid Jamshed (1964–2016), Pakistani singer *Khawaja Junaid (born 1966), Pakistani field hockey player *Junaid Khan (cricketer) (born 1989), Pakistani cricketer *Junaid Khan (Pakistani actor) (born 1981), Pakistani actor and singer-songwriter *Junaid Siddique (born 1987), Bangladeshi cricketer *Junaid Siddiqui (born 1985), Pakistani-Canadian cricketer *Junaid Thorne (born 1991), Australian Islamic preacher *Junaid Zia (born 1983), Pakistani cricketer Zunaid *Zunaid Ahmed Palak (born 1980), Bangladeshi politician Junayd *Junayd of Baghdad (830–910), Persian Sufi *Junayd (illustrator) (circa 1396, Baghdad) *Junayd of Gujarat, Indian Sufi * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Language
Turkish ( , , also known as 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, a member of Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraqi Turkmen, Iraq, and Syrian Turkmen, Syria. Turkish is the List of languages by total number of speakers, 18th-most spoken language in the world. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish—the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script-based Ottoman Turkish alphabet was repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umur
Umur Ghazi, Ghazi Umur, or Umur The LionDonald MacGillivray Nicol, ''The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453'', Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 144./ref> (Modern Turkish: ''Aydınoğlu Umur Bey'', c. 1309–1348), also known as Umur Pasha was the second Turkoman bey of Aydin, on the Aegean coast of Anatolia, from 1334 to 1348. He was famous for his naval expeditions. During his reign, he fought off many Crusades against him called out by the Pope. Career Umur Ghazi was a loyal ally and friend of Emperor John Cantacuzenus of the Byzantine Empire and provided him with material aid during his military campaigns, especially during the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347. He apparently sent 380 ships and 28,000 men to aid him in the conflict and besieged the city of Demotika in Thrace, Greece. The emperor John reportedly mourned his death. At the height of its power, the Beylik of Aydin possessed 350 ships and 15,000 men. Umur's preying on Christian shipping led to the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
