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Arteriviridae
''Arteriviridae'' is a family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order '' Nidovirales'' which infect vertebrates. Host organisms include equids, pigs, Possums, nonhuman primates, and rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the Order (biology), order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and Mandible, lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal specie ...s. The family includes, for example, equine arteritis virus in horses which causes mild-to-severe respiratory disease and reproductive failure, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 and type 2 in pigs which causes a similar disease, simian hemorrhagic fever virus which causes a highly lethal fever, lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus which affects mice, and wobbly possum disease virus. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Arteriviruses hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaarterivirus Suid 1
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in Chinese, ''zhū láněr bìng'' 豬藍耳病). This economically important, panzootic disease causes reproductive failure in breeding stock and respiratory tract illness in young pigs. History PRRS earlier known as "mystery swine disease" and "blue ear disease" during 1987–1988 in the United States and Canada caused first undiagnosed outbreaks, characterized by reproductive losses combined with respiratory signs. In 1990-1991, a similar disease was reported in several European countries such as Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain. The emergence of PRRS in Japan, Taiwan and mainland China was reported in 1987, 1991 and 1996, respectively. According to the World Organisation for Animal Health, WOAH, the disease is now present throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (''Betaarterivirus americense'') is a species of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect domestic pigs. It is one of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV). The two types of PRRSV are distinguished by which genomic cluster they are associated with. Type 1 is associated with a LV cluster. Type 2 is associated with a VR2332 cluster. PRRSV is in the '' Arteriviridae'' family and the order ''Nidovirales''. It has a positive sense RNA genome that is 15 kb long. This genome consists of ten open reading frames (ORFs) with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR. PRRSV causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in swine. This syndrome results in failure during breeding and respiratory problems. Type 2 PRRSV was first seen in the United States in 1987. However, it has now spread worldwide to commercial swine facilities. Within the swine industry, porcine reproductive and respirator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidovirales
''Nidovirales'' is an order of Viral envelope, enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates and invertebrates. Host organisms include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, Mollusca, molluscs, and helminths. The order includes the families ''Coronaviridae'', ''Arteriviridae, Roniviridae,'' ''Tobaniviridae'', and ''Mesoniviridae''. Member viruses have a viral envelope and a Sense (molecular biology), positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, RNA genome which is Five-prime cap, capped and Polyadenylation, polyadenylated. Nidoviruses are named for the Latin ''nidus'', meaning nest, as all viruses in this order produce a 3' co-terminal nested set of subgenomic mRNAs during infection. Virology Structure Nidoviruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. The group expresses structural proteins separately from the nonstructural ones. The structural proteins are encoded at the 3' reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaarterivirus
''Betaarterivirus'' is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The genus is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The genus contains four subgenera and six species. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Betaarteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, ... single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The genus ''Betaarterivirus'' contains the following subgenera and species: *'' Ampobartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus americense'' *'' Chibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus chinrav'' **'' Betaarterivirus ninrav'' **'' Betaarterivirus sheoin'' *'' Eurpobartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus europensis'' *'' Mibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus timi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variarterivirinae
''Variarterivirinae'' is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The subfamily is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The subfamily contains three genera. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Variarteriviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The subfamily ''Variarterivirinae'' contains three genera: *''Betaarterivirus ''Betaarterivirus'' is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The genus is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The genus contains four subgenera and six species. Structure Member vi ...'' *'' Gammaarterivirus'' *'' Nuarterivirus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q107394646 Nidovirales Arteriviridae Virus subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simarterivirinae
''Simarterivirinae'' is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrate. The subfamily is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The subfamily contains six genera. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Variarteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, ... single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The subfamily ''Simarterivirinae'' contains six genera: *'' Deltaarterivirus'' *'' Epsilonarterivirus'' *'' Etaarterivirus'' *'' Iotaarterivirus'' *'' Thetaarterivirus'' *'' Zetaarterivirus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q107394656 Nidovirales Arteriviridae Virus subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deltaarterivirus
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus or simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV), is a highly pathogenic virus in monkeys. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus classified in the family ''Arteriviridae''. It is the only member of the subgenus '' Hedartevirus''. Hosts Patas are believed to be the natural host for the virus since about 50% of wild patas monkeys have antibodies for the virus, while antibodies are much less prevalent in other simian species such as vervets and baboons. In macaques, however, infection with this virus can result in acute severe disease with high mortality. Recently, red colobus monkeys and red-tailed guenons have been identified as natural hosts for SHFV. In 2022, scientists cautioned about potential future spillover of SHFV. Symptoms Asymptomatic infection of the virus can occur in patas monkeys, vervet monkeys, and baboons, although it is observed primarily in patas monkeys. Infection has a rapid onset with animals developing a high fever, facial edema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus or simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV), is a highly pathogenic virus in monkeys. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus classified in the family '' Arteriviridae''. It is the only member of the subgenus '' Hedartevirus''. Hosts Patas are believed to be the natural host for the virus since about 50% of wild patas monkeys have antibodies for the virus, while antibodies are much less prevalent in other simian species such as vervets and baboons. In macaques, however, infection with this virus can result in acute severe disease with high mortality. Recently, red colobus monkeys and red-tailed guenons have been identified as natural hosts for SHFV. In 2022, scientists cautioned about potential future spillover of SHFV. Symptoms Asymptomatic infection of the virus can occur in patas monkeys, vervet monkeys, and baboons, although it is observed primarily in patas monkeys. Infection has a rapid onset with animals developing a high fever, facial ede ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus
Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) constitutes the species ''Gamamaarterivirus lacdeh'' which is part of the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The order ''Nidovirales'' also includes the family of coronaviruses. Arteriviruses infect macrophages in animals and cause a variety of diseases. LDV specifically causes lifelong persistent viremia in mice, but does not harm the host and only slightly harms the immune system. The main clinical sign is an increased level of the plasma enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDV has a remarkably narrow cell type specificity, meaning nothing homologous with LDV in mice has been found in another species. Discovery LDV was discovered in 1960 by Dr. Vernon Riley and his colleagues while they were working with plasma enzymes in tumor-bearing mice. They found that many types of transplantable tumors caused a five to tenfold increase in the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity within three days of the transplantation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaarterivirus
Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a disease of horses caused by a virus of the species Equine arteritis virus (''Alphaarterivirus equid''), an RNA virus. It is the only species in the genus ''Alphaarterivirus'', and that is the only genus in the ''Equarterivirinae'' subfamily. The virus which causes EVA was first isolated in 1953, but the disease has afflicted equine animals worldwide for centuries. It has been more common in some breeds of horses in the United States, but there is no breed "immunity". In the UK, it is a notifiable disease. There is no known human hazard. Signs The signs shown depend on the horse's age, the strain of the infecting virus, the condition of the horse and the route by which it was infected. Most horses with EVA infection do not show any signs; if a horse does show signs, these can vary greatly in severity. Following infection, the first sign is fever, peaking at , followed by various signs such as lethargy, nasal discharge, "pink eye" (conjunctivitis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
