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Arminius
Arminius (; 18/17 BC–AD 21) was a chieftain of the Germanic peoples, Germanic Cherusci tribe who is best known for commanding an alliance of Germanic tribes at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9, in which three Roman legions under the command of general and governor Publius Quinctilius Varus were destroyed. His victory at Teutoburg Forest precipitated the Roman Empire's permanent strategic withdrawal and the deprovincialization of Germania Magna, and modern historians regard it as one of Imperial Rome's greatest defeats. As it prevented the Romanization (cultural), Romanization of Germanic peoples east of the Rhine, it has also been considered one of the most decisive battles in history and a turning point in human history. Born a prince of the Cherusci tribe, Arminius was part of the Roman-friendly faction of the tribe. He learned Latin and served in the Roman military, which gained him Roman citizenship, and the rank of Equites, ''eques''. After serving with distinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Teutoburg Forest
The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, also called the Varus Disaster or Varian Disaster () by Ancient Rome, Roman historians, was a major battle fought between an alliance of Germanic peoples and the Roman Empire between September 8 and 11, 9 AD, near modern Kalkriese. Fighting began with an ambush by the Germanic alliance on three Roman legions being led by Publius Quinctilius Varus and their auxiliaries; the alliance was led by Arminius, a Germanic chieftain and officer of Varus's auxilia. Arminius had received Roman citizenship and a Roman Military education and training, military education, thus allowing him to deceive the Romans methodically and anticipate their tactical responses. Teutoburg Forest is considered one of the most important defeats in Roman history, bringing the triumphant period of expansion under Augustus to an abrupt end. It dissuaded the Romans from pursuing the conquest of Germania, and so can be considered one of the most important events in European ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermannsdenkmal
Aerial view of the Hermannsdenkmal The ''Hermannsdenkmal'' (German for "Hermann Memorial") is a monument located southwest of Detmold in the district of Lippe (North Rhine-Westphalia), in Germany. It stands on the densely forested ', sometimes also called the ''Teutberg'' or ''Teut'', a hill (elevation 386 m) in the Teutoburger Wald (Teutoburg Forest) range. The monument is located inside the remains of a circular rampart. The monument was constructed between 1838 and 1875 to commemorate the Cherusci war chief Arminius (in German, '' Hermann'') and his victory over Rome at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD. When the statue was built, its location was believed to be near the original battle site, although experts now consider it more likely that the battle took place near Kalkriese, about 100 km to the north-west. Background In 9 AD, Arminius, a chieftain of the Cherusci people and an auxiliary cavalry commander, turned against his Roman allies and led an alliance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thusnelda
Thusnelda (; 10 BC – after AD 17) was a Germanic Cheruscan noblewoman who was captured by the Roman general Germanicus during his invasion of Germania. She was the wife of Arminius. Tacitus and Strabo cite her capture as evidence of both the firmness and restraint of Roman arms. Biography Thusnelda was the daughter of the pro-Roman Cheruscan prince Segestes. In 9 AD, Arminius, Thusnelda's future husband, who had been given by his father to the Romans as a child and raised as a Roman military commander serving under Publius Quinctilius Varus, switched sides to the Germans, and led a coalition of Germanic tribes that defeated the legions of Varus at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. The conflict between the Roman Empire and the Germanic tribes continued after the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, and Arminius abducted and raped Thusnelda circa 14 AD, likely as a result of a dispute with her pro-Roman father, according to Tacitus. In May 15 AD, Thusnelda was captured by Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanicus
Germanicus Julius Caesar (24 May 15 BC – 10 October AD 19) was a Roman people, Roman general and politician most famously known for his campaigns against Arminius in Germania. The son of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia the Younger, Germanicus was born into an influential branch of the Patrician (ancient Rome), patrician ''gens Claudia''. The Victory title, agnomen ''Germanicus'' was added to his full name in 9 BC when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honor of his victories in Germania. In AD 4 he was adopted by his paternal uncle Tiberius, himself the stepson and heir of Germanicus' great-uncle Augustus; ten years later, Tiberius succeeded Augustus as Roman emperor. As a result of his adoption, Germanicus became an official member of the ''gens Julia'', another prominent family, to which he was related on his mother's side. His connection to the ''Julii Caesares'' was further consolidated through a marriage between him and Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherusci
The Cherusci were a Germanic tribe that inhabited parts of the plains and forests of northwestern Germania in the area of the Weser River and present-day Hanover during the first centuries BC and AD. Roman sources reported they considered themselves kin with other Irmino tribes and claimed common descent from an ancestor called Mannus. During the early Roman Empire under Augustus, the Cherusci first served as allies of Rome and sent sons of their chieftains to receive Roman education and serve in the Roman army as auxiliaries. The Cherusci leader Arminius led a confederation of tribes in the ambush that destroyed three Roman legions in the Teutoburg Forest in AD9. He was subsequently kept from further damaging Rome by disputes with the Marcomanni and reprisal attacks led by Germanicus. After rebel Cherusci killed Arminius in AD21, infighting among the royal family led to the highly Romanized line of his brother Flavus coming to power. Following their defeat by the Chatti a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle At Pontes Longi
The Battle at Pontes Longi was fought near Bramsche, Germany in 15 AD between the Roman general Aulus Caecina Severus and an alliance of Germanic peoples commanded by Arminius. It was part of a three-year series of campaigns by Germanicus in Germania. According to Tacitus, The battle ended with a Roman victory. After fighting an indecisive battle with Arminius, Germanicus ordered Caecina to take his original forces and march back to the Rhine. Arriving at a spot referred to as the "long causeways" and finding it impassable, Caecina began repairs to the causeways so he could continue his march towards the Rhine. However, he was attacked by Arminius and just managed to hold him off when night fell. The next day, the two armies joined in battle again. The Roman legions became separated and were again almost defeated. Caecina, trying to hold the front line against the Germans, had his horse killed under him. He only survived due to the timely intervention of the First Legion. When ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Angrivarian Wall
The Battle of the Angrivarian Wall was fought near Porta Westfalica, Germany in 16 AD between the Roman general Germanicus and an alliance of Germanic tribes commanded by Arminius. This battle followed immediately after the Battle of Idistaviso, and was sparked by Germanic outrage over the trophy erected on that prior battlefield by the Romans. It was the final battle of a three-year series of campaigns by Germanicus in Germania. According to Tacitus, the battle was a victory for the Romans. Germanicus, now in winter quarters across the Rhine, wanted to renew the conquest in the Spring, but was recalled to Rome by Tiberius, now Rome's Emperor.Tacitus, ''The Annals'' 2.41 In fact this final action led to a withdrawal of the Roman troops from territories of Germania east of the Rhine river effectively until the collapse of the Roman Empire. Background The Germanic chief, Arminius, had been instrumental in the organising of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, in which three R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thumelicus
Thumelicus (born AD 15; died before AD 47, probably in 30 or 31) was the only son of the Cherusci leader Arminius and his wife Thusnelda, daughter of the pro-Roman tribal leader Segestes. In May 15 AD, Arminius besieged Segestes at his stronghold, where Thusnelda, then pregnant, was staying. The Roman commander, Germanicus, a nephew of Emperor Tiberius, broke through the siege and took her prisoner. Thusnelda and the then three years old Thumelicus were presented in Rome in the Triumph Germanicus was allowed to celebrate in May 17 AD (but Strabo who may have been in Rome at the times draws attention to the fact that her husband Arminius, the victor at Teutoburg Forest, had not been captured and the war, itself, had not been won). Afterwards, the captives were spared, but were sent to exile in Ravenna, where Thumelicus was raised. Tacitus promised to recount his fate "at the proper time" — that is, when his Annals treat the year in question. But there is no further mention in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Quinctilius Varus
Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 BC or before – September AD 9) was a Roman general and politician. Serving under Augustus, who founded the Roman Empire, he is generally remembered for having lost three Roman legions in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, during which he committed suicide to avoid Prisoner of war, capture (and inevitable Human sacrifice, execution) and Dignitas (Roman concept), shameful reproach. Varus' defeat to the Germanic tribes led by Arminius is considered to be one of the most important events in European history, as it dissuaded the Romans from further expanding into Germania and thus prevented the Romanization (cultural), Romanization of the Germanic peoples to the east of the Rhine. Early life and family Although he was a Patrician (ancient Rome), patrician by birth, his family, the Quinctilii Vari, had long been impoverished and was unimportant; Ronald Syme notes, "The sole and last consul of that family", Sextus Quinctilius, "had been two years antec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italicus (chieftain)
Italicus (fl. 1st century AD) was a chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci. He is chiefly remembered as the nephew of Arminius. Name Like his father Flavus and uncle Arminius, Italicus is only known by his Latin name, which means "the Italian". His original name is unknown. Life Italicus was part of the royal family of the Cherusci tribe in ancient Germany, which was an ally of the early Roman Empire under Augustus. Italicus's father Flavus was a Roman citizen, served in the Roman military, and appears to have remained loyal to Rome when Italicus's grandfather Segimer and uncle Arminius ambushed three legions under P. Quinctilius Varus in the Teutoburg Forest in AD9. Arminius seems to have succeeded Segimer as chieftain but was challenged by his uncle Inguiomer and the Marcomanni. During Germanicus's reprisal campaigns, Flavus also personally defeated Arminius at the Weser River. Arminius was killed by his father-in-law Segestes in AD21. Although Italicus's mother was als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanic Peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who lived in Northern Europe in Classical antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. In modern scholarship, they typically include not only the Roman-era ''Germani'' who lived in both ''Germania'' and parts of the Roman Empire, but also all Germanic speaking peoples from this era, irrespective of where they lived, most notably the Goths. Another term, ancient Germans, is considered problematic by many scholars since it suggests identity with present-day Germans. Although the first Roman descriptions of ''Germani'' involved tribes west of the Rhine, their homeland of ''Germania'' was portrayed as stretching east of the Rhine, to southern Scandinavia and the Vistula in the east, and to the upper Danube in the south. Other Germanic speakers, such as the Bastarnae and Goths, lived further east in what is now Moldova and Ukraine. The term ''Germani ''is generally only used to refer to historical peoples from the 1st to 4th centuries CE. Different ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segimer
Segimer or Sigimer ( or ; fl. 1st century BC) was a chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci tribe. He is remembered in history as the father of Arminius, who led the Germans to victory over the Romans at Teutoburg Forest in AD9. Life Segimer was a chief of the Cherusci during the late 1st centuryBC and early 1st centuryAD. He may have led the Cherusci in their successful ambush of Drusus's army at Arbalo in the summer or autumn of 11BC. By winter, Drusus was maintaining a Roman garrison in Cherusci territory and, following Drusus's campaigns, the Cherusci became an ally of the Roman Empire. Segimer had two sons, known only by their Latin names Arminius and Flavus. They were closely involved with the Romans and both joined the Roman military. His son Arminius led the Germans to victory over three Roman legions in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest in AD9. Cassius Dio's account of the battle includes that Segimer was Arminius's second in command during the battle. Segimer is not mention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
