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Armenian Languages
The Armenian language has two standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian. Before the Armenian genocide and other significant demographic changes that affected the Armenians, several dozen Armenian dialects existed in the areas historically populated by them. Classification by Hrachia Acharian ''Classification des dialectes arméniens'' (''Classification of Armenian dialects'') is a 1909 book by the Armenian linguist Hrachia Acharian, published in Paris. It is Acharian's translation into French of his original wor''Hay Barbaṙagitutʿiwn''("Armenian Dialectology") that was later published as a book in 1911 in Moscow and New Nakhichevan. The French translation lacks dialectal examples. An English translation was published in 2024. Acharian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries settled by Armenians. Unlike the traditional division of Armenian into two dialect groups (Western Armenian and Easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Language
Armenian (endonym: , , ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language and the sole member of the independent branch of the Armenian language family. It is the native language of the Armenians, Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian highlands, today Armenian is also widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Saint Mesrop Mashtots. The estimated number of Armenian speakers worldwide is between five and seven million. History Classification and origins Armenian is an independent branch of the Indo-European languages. It is of interest to linguists for its distinctive phonological changes within that family. Armenian exhibits Centum and satem languages, more satemization than centumization, although it is not classified as belonging to either of these subgroups. Some linguists tentatively conclude that Armenian, Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yerevan
Yerevan ( , , ; ; sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country, as its primate city. It has been the Historical capitals of Armenia, capital since 1918, the Historical capitals of Armenia, fourteenth in the history of Armenia and the seventh located in or around the Ararat Plain. The city also serves as the seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese, which is the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church and one of the oldest dioceses in the world. The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni Fortress, Erebuni in 782 BC by King Argishti I of Urartu, Argishti I of Urartu at the western extreme of the Ararat Plain. Erebuni was "designed as a great administrative and reli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arasbaran
Arasbaran (), also known as Qaradagh (; , ; ), is a large mountainous area stretching from the Qūshā Dāgh massif, south of Ahar, to the Aras River in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. The region is confined to Aras River in the north, Meshgin Shahr County and Moghan in the east, Sarab County in the south, and Tabriz County, Tabriz and Marand County, Marand counties in the west. Since 1976, UNESCO has registered 72,460 hectares of the region, confined to 38°40' to 39°08'N and 46°39' to 47°02'E, as World Network of Biosphere Reserves, biosphere reserve with the following general description: History In antiquity, this region was inhabited by the Urartu, Alarodians and Caspians, Caspian tribes. Then this area became alternately part of the Medes and Persia. In the 2nd century B.C. the region became part of the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Armenian kingdom, where the Armenian principality Parspatunik was established, which existed until the 6th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lori Province
Lori (, ) is a provinces of Armenia, province (''Administrative divisions of Armenia, marz'') of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia (country), Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, Armenia, Alaverdi, and Spitak. It is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Haghpat and Sanahin Monastery, Sanahin monasteries and the well-preserved Akhtala monastery. The province was heavily damaged during the 1988 Armenian earthquake. The province is served by the Stepanavan Airport. Etymology The name Lori (Լոռի) is of Armenian origin (from Armenian "quail"), first appeared in the 11th century when King David I Anhoghin founded the fortified city of Lori Berd Fortress, Lori. The fortress-city became the capital of the Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget in 1065. The name Lori later spread through the region and replaced the original name of Tashir. Geography Situated at the north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qazax
Qazax (; ) is a city in and the capital of the Gazakh District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 20,900. Gazakh is a city and administrative district in the west of Azerbaijan, the "western gate" of Azerbaijan. History Early history In the 17–18th century, Gazakh was the capital of the Kazakh Sultanate. During the Russian Empire, the city was the administrative center of the Kazakh uezd of the Elizavetpol Governorate. It is situated 10 km from the Aghstafa station of the Transcaucasus Railway. Conflicts and disputes with Armenia From 1905 to 1906, during the Armenian–Tatar massacres, many Armenian homes were burned and looted by Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis), as well as the Armenian school and church. Many Armenian inhabitants as a result fled to Tbilisi and other nearby Armenian-populated areas. From an Armenian perspective, these territories were historical Armenian provinces—which had been, factually, incorporated in various Armenian states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karabakh Dialect
The Karabakh dialect (, ''Ġarabaġi barbař''), also known as the Artsakh dialect (Արցախի բարբառ, ''Arc'axi barbař'') is an ancient Eastern Armenian dialect with a unique phonetic and syntactic structure. It was mainly spoken in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh prior to the Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians, 2023 Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians. Today, it is spoken in parts of southern and northeastern Armenia, as well as by the refugees of Nagorno-Karabakh who since 2023 have settled in various cities and villages throughout Armenia. The dialect was spoken by most Armenians living in Soviet Azerbaijan, particularly in the cities of Baku and Kirovabad (Ganja, Gandzak). As the first Nagorno-Karabakh War escalated, Armenians of Azerbaijan were forced to leave their homes. Today, most of Armenians immigrants and refugees from Azerbaijan live in Armenia and Russia, where along with standard Armenian and Russian, the Karabakh dialect is sometimes spoken. The dialec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabriz
Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. Tabriz is in the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains. Tabriz's elevation ranges between above sea level. The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia, to the west. The city was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. With a population of over 1.7 million (2016), Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in northwest Iran. The population is bilingual with most peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuzluca
Tuzluca (; ; ''Koghb''; or Тузлуджа) is a town in the Iğdır Province in the Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey, Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Tuzluca District.İlçe Belediyesi Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023. Its population is 9,619 (2022). It lies near the Armenia–Turkey border, border with Armenia. Etymology ''Tuz'' means ''salt'' in the Turkish language. The Turkish name ''Tuzluca'' is derived from the salt mines that have existed here since at least medieval times; a salt mine still operates.History Known by Armenians as ''Koghb'', Tuzluca was historically part of various Armenian kingdoms. The town and the surrounding area later became an Ottoman frontier Kurdish chiefdom and ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doğubayazıt
Doğubayazıt (; or , ) is a town of Ağrı Province of Turkey, near the Iran–Turkey border, border with Iran. Its elevation is 1625 m. It is the seat of Doğubayazıt District. History For most of the periods described here, Doğubayazıt was a bigger and more important settlement than the present-day provincial capital ''Ağrı'', not least because this is the Iranian border crossing. The area has a long history, with monuments dating back to the time of the Urartu, Kingdom of Urartu (over 2700 years ago). Before the Ottoman Empire the site was referred to by its Armenian language, Armenian name Daruynk (written as Դարույնք in Armenian).Edwards, Robert W. (1988). "Bayazit," ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'' III.8, 1988, pp.886-887 . In the 4th century the Sasanians failed to capture the Armenian stronghold and royal treasury at Daroynk. Princes of the Bagratid dynasty of Armenia resided at Daroynk and rebuilt the fortress into its present configuration with multiple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiflis
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი, ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), ( ka, ტფილისი, tr ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, located on the banks of the Kura (Caspian Sea), Kura River. With around 1.2 million inhabitants, it contains almost one third of the country's population. Tbilisi was founded in the fifth century Anno Domini, AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia and has since served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, it was the seat of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty, governing both the North Caucasus, northern and the South Caucasus, southern sides of the Caucasus. Because of its location at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history, Tbilisi has been a point of contention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avlabari
Avlabari ( ka, ავლაბარი ''Avlabari'', ''Havlabar'') is a neighborhood of Old Tbilisi on the left bank (east side) of the Mtkvari River. The 11th-13th century chronicles mention it as Isani, which is now one of the larger municipal regions of Tbilisi. Nowadays one of the upcoming hip neighborhoods of the city, Avlabari is being extensively gentrified. The Armenian community Avlabari ( ''Havlabar'') was long known as the center of Armenian life of Tbilisi.Arus Harutyunyan, ''Contesting national identities in an ethnically homogeneous state'', Western Michigan University, p.184 The Armenian Pantheon of Tbilisi is located in Avlabari. Until recently Avlabari was populated heavily by Armenians, but recently their number have diminished. Churches The churches in the Avlabari district include: * The Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi - the third-tallest Eastern Orthodox cathedral in the world * The Metekhi Church - the oldest church in Avlabari * Church of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marneuli Municipality
Marneuli ( ka, მარნეულის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ) is a municipality in Georgia, in the region of Kvemo Kartli. Its administrative center and main town is Marneuli. Location Marneuli Municipality is situated in south-east part of country near to border with Azerbaijan and Armenia. The size of the municipality is 935 km2. Most part of its territory is located in Marneuli lowland (between 350 and 600 meters above sea level). The highest point is Garadagh mountain (1416 m.). Geography and Climate Marneuli municipality is located in the eastern part of Kvemo Kartli. Its administrative center is the city of Marneuli. Marneuli borders Bolnisi Municipality to the west, Tetritskaro Municipality to the north, Gardabani Municipality to the northeast, Azerbaijan and Armenia to the south. The central part of the municipality is surrounded by the accumulated plains of Marneuli. The Iaghluji highland forms the geographic northern boundary o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
