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Archaeology Of Iran
The Archaeology of Iran encompasses the following subjects: Archaeological discoveries in Iran Archaeological sites in Iran: * Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island *Achaemenid Persian Lion Rhyton * Acropole Tomb *Apadana hoard * Bardak Siah Palace * Bushel with ibex motifs *Code of Hammurabi * Egyptian statue of Darius I *Golden bowl of Hasanlu * Great Wall of Gorgan *Hasanlu Lovers * Islamic ceramics from the Susa site *Luristan bronze * Musicians plate *Narundi *Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone *Parchments of Avroman * Parthian bas-relief at Mydan Mishan *Persepolis Administrative Archives * Rock art in Iran * Shami statue *Statue of Hercules in Behistun * Victory Stele of Naram-Sin * Ziwiye hoard Archaeologists * Geneviève Dollfus *Roman Ghirshman *Frank Hole * Wolfram Kleiss * Roland de Mecquenem * Jean Perrot * Henry T. Wright Iranian archaeologists *Kamyar Abdi (born 1969) Iranian; Iran, Neolithic to the Bronze Age *Abbas Alizadeh (born 1951) Iranian; Iran * Massoud Azarnou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological Sites In Iran
Some of the prehistoric archaeological sites of Iran are listed below: *Paleolithic **Hotu and Kamarband Caves **Darband Cave **Qal'eh Bozi **Do-Ashkaft Cave **Warwasi **Bisitun Cave **Kashafrud **Kani Sib, Piranshahr, Kani Sib *Neolithic ** Tappeh Sialk ** Ganj Dareh ** Ali Kosh ** Hajji Firuz Tepe *Jiroft culture (3rd millennium BC) **Konar Sandal **Shahdad **Shahr-e Sukhteh *Lullubi, Lullubi culture (3rd to 2nd millennia BC) **Sarpol-e Zahab *Elam (3rd to 2nd millennia BC) ** Anshan ** Chogha Zanbil ** Godin Tepe ** Haft Tepe ** Susa ** Khorramabad *Assyria ** Tappeh Hasanlu *Median empire, Median to Achaemenid period **Ecbatana **Persepolis **Behistun **Rey, Iran **Pasargadae **Temukan **Bābā Jān Tepe **Marlik **Qaleh Kesh, Amol, Qaleh Kesh *Sassanid period **Takht-e Soleymān **Kohneh Lahijan **Istakhr **Great Wall of Gorgan **Qal'eh Dokhtar **Qumis, Iran See also *List of archaeological sites sorted by country *History of Iran * Rock art in Iran References Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parchments Of Avroman
The Parchments of Avroman (or Awraman) are three parchment documents, found in 1909 in a cave in the Hawraman region of Iranian Kurdistan. They were found in Tang-i Var, Kuh-e Salan Mountain, near the village of Shahr Hawraman. The documents were found in a sealed jar by a villager, and then sent to London in October 1913. The documents date from 88/87 BC to 33 AD, with two written in Greek and one in Parthian. They document the sale of a vineyard and other land, and include the names of Pātaspak, son of Tīrēn and Awīl, son of Baænīn. They were translated by philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also defined as the study of ... Ellis H. Minns and published in the ''Journal of Hellenic Studies''. References 1st-century manuscripts 1st-century BC manuscripts Archaeological discover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Perrot
Jean Perrot (10 June 1920 – 24 December 2012) was a French archaeologist who specialised in the late prehistory of the Middle East and Near East. Biography Perrot was a graduate of the Ecole du Louvre where he studied under two experts in Syrian archaeology; André Parrot and René Dussaud. He went on to study at the École biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem in 1945. He researched a number of ancient sites in Iran, Israel and Turkey, animating the research at international level. He first went to Iran in 1968, a year after the retirement of Roman Ghirshman, to head the ''Delegation Archéologique Français'' (DAFI) and excavations of the country's ancient sites. He headed a multidisciplinary team in conjunction with the Iranian Centre of Archaeological Research, including experts from France, Iran and the United States who continued studies until the revolution in 1979. He worked on sites such as Susa and Jafar Abad and took measures to safeguard the vestige ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roland De Mecquenem (archaeologist)
Roland (; ; or ''Rotholandus''; or ''Rolando''; died 15 August 778) was a Frankish military leader under Charlemagne who became one of the principal figures in the literary cycle known as the Matter of France. The historical Roland was military governor of the Breton March, responsible for defending Francia's frontier against the Bretons. His only historical attestation is in Einhard's ''Vita Karoli Magni'', which notes he was part of the Frankish rearguard killed in retribution by the Basques in Iberia at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. The story of Roland's death at Roncevaux Pass was embellished in later medieval and Renaissance literature. The first and most famous of these epic treatments was the Old French ''Chanson de Roland">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... ''Chanson de Roland'' of the 11th century. Two masterpieces of Italian Renaissance poetry, the '' Orlando Inna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfram Kleiss
Wolfram Kleiss (1930–2020) was a German archaeologist who spent many years of his life in Iran researching and excavating archaeology. Biography He was director of the German Archaeological Institute in Tehran. He retired in 1995, and died in 2020 at the age of 90. Research He received a research grant from the German Archaeological Institute in 1959 and travelled to Iran for the first time. In 1971–1986, he was director of the institute's Tehran branch and in Iran during the 1970s and 1980s, directed accomplished archaeological explorations in Takht-e Soleymān, Masjid Soleymān, Bastam, and Bisotun with a team of archaeologist from Iran. He was a member of the German Archaeological Institute, and with his colleague Stephan Kroll he travelled extensively to Iran, visiting over 1000 archaeological sites. Between 1969 and 1978, Kleiss excavated the Urartian fortress at Bastam in co-operation with a team of archaeologists from Iran, Germany, Italy, Canada, and the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Hole
Frank Hole (born 1931) is an American Near Eastern archaeologist known for his work on the prehistory of Iran, the origins of food production, and the archaeology of pastoral nomadism. He is C. J. MacCurdy Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Yale University. Education and career Hole studied at Cornell College (BA, 1953), Harvard University (1957–58), and the University of Chicago (MA, 1958; PhD, 1961). He worked at Rice University from 1961 to 1980, and was a full professor from 1968. In 1980, he moved to Yale University, where he served as the C. J. MacCurdy Professor of Anthropology (1996–2005) and the head of the division of anthropology at the Peabody Museum (1996–2005). He retired in 2005 and was appointed a senior research scientist and professor emeritus. He has held visiting professorships at the University of Colorado (1971), Yale (1972–1973), and Masaryk University. Hole was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Ghirshman
Roman Ghirshman (, ''Roman Mikhailovich Girshman''; October 3, 1895 – 5 September 1979) was a Ukrainian-born French archeologist who specialized in ancient Persia. Ghirshman spent nearly thirty years excavating ancient Persian archeological sites throughout Iran and Afghanistan. Biography Roman Ghirshman was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Kharkiv in the Sloboda Ukraine (present-day Ukraine) in 1895. Ghirshman moved to Paris in 1917 to study Archeology and Ancient Languages. He was mainly interested in the archeological ruins of Iran, specifically Tepe Giyan, Teppe Sialk, Bagram in Afghanistan, Bishapur in Fars, and Susa. In the 1930s, Girshman, together with his wife Tania Ghirshman, was the first to excavate Teppe Sialk. His studies on Chogha Zanbil have been printed in 4 volumes, and he also led excavation teams at Kharg Island, Iwan-i Karkheh, and the Parthian platforms in Masjed Soleiman, near Izeh, Khuzestan. From 1941 to 1942 he was Director of the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneviève Dollfus
Genevieve (; ; also called ''Genovefa'' and ''Genofeva''; 419/422 AD – 502/512 AD) was a consecrated virgin, and is one of the two patron saints of Paris in the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. Her feast day is on 3 January. Recognized for her religious devotion at a young age, she met Germanus of Auxerre and Lupus of Troyes when she was a child and dedicated herself to a virginal life. Miracles and healings began to happen around her early on and she became known for changing the weather. She moved from Nanterre, her hometown, to Paris, after her parents died and became known for her piety, healings, and miracles, although the residents of Paris resented her and would have killed her if not for Germanus' interventions. Her prayers saved Paris from being destroyed by the Huns under Attila in 451 and other wars; her organisation of the city's women was called a "prayer marathon" and Genevieve's "most famous feat". She was involved in two major construction projects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziwiye Hoard
The Ziwiye hoard is a treasure hoard containing gold, silver, and ivory objects, also including a few gold pieces with the shape of a human face, that was uncovered in a plot of land outside Ziwiyeh castle, near the city of Saqqez in Kurdistan province, Iran, in 1947. Provenance Objects from the hoard provide a link between the cultures of the Iranian plateau and the nomadic or Scythian art forms known as the "animal style". "The Scythian motifs adopted by Urartu account for the decoration of the great Treasure of Saqqez brought to light on the south shore of Lake Urmia," was Leonard Woolley's assessment (Woolley 1961 p 176). Style The hoard contains objects in four styles: "Median", Assyrian, Scythian, proto-Achaemenid, and the provincial native pieces. Dated ''ca.'' 700 BC, this collection of objects illustrates the situation of the Iranian plateau as a crossroads of cultural highways—not least of them the Silk Road—which fused disparate cultures to inform early Iranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victory Stele Of Naram-Sin
The Victory Stele of Naram-Sin is a stele that dates to approximately 2254–2218 BC, in the time of the Akkadian Empire, and is now at the Louvre in Paris. The relief measures 2 meters in height (6' 7") and was carved in pinkish sandstone, with cuneiform writings in Akkadian and Elamite. It depicts King Naram-Sin of Akkad leading the Akkadian army to victory over the Lullubi, a mountain people from the Zagros Mountains. The stele shows a narrative scene of the king crossing the steep slopes into enemy territory; on the left are the ordered imperial forces keeping in rank while marching over the disordered defenders that lie broken and defeated. Naram-Sin is shown as by far the most important figure, towering over his enemy and troops and all eyes gaze up toward him. The weak and chaotic opposing forces are shown being thrown from atop the mountainside, impaled by spears, fleeing and begging Naram-Sin for mercy as well as being trampled underfoot by Naram-Sin himself. This is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statue Of Hercules In Behistun
The Statue of Hercules in Behistun (or Statue of Heracles/Herakles in Bisotun, Persian language, Persian: تندیس هرکول) is located on Mount Behistun, Iran. It was discovered in 1958, and is the only extant rock sculpture from the period of Seleucid Empire, Seleucid control over the Iranian Plateau, that lasted from to BC. The statue was sculpted in 148 BC, and dedicated in the name of "Herakles Kallinikos" (Ἡρακλῆν Καλλίνικον, "Hercules glorious in victory") by a Seleucid governor. The Seleucid governor carved it in honor of a satrap. Hercules is lying on a 2 m long platform and holds a bowl in his left hand. His right hand rests on his leg. The statue is 1.47 m long and is attached to the mountain. Heracles's club is carved in relief "as if propped up behind him" according to Matthew P. Canepa. The form of the stele bears similarities to Seleucid stelae that bore official inscriptions in the area, most notably the stele from Laodicia-in-Media (Naha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shami Statue
The Shami statue is one of the main surviving works of Parthian art. It is currently in the National Museum of Iran (Inv. no. 2401) and was found at Shami (modern Khūzestān Province), where there was an ancient sanctuary. The bronze Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloid ... statue is 1.94 m high. The man depicted is shown frontally. The figure's head is slightly too small in relation to the rest of its body and the face has a plain, unmodelled surface with an aquiline nose. The man bears a short beard and a heavy moustache, while his hair is long and covers the ears. Around the head he wears a wide ribbon. He wears a tunic with a V-shaped opening at the front and wears trousers. Around the neck he wears a necklace, perhaps a metal ring. The left hand and the entire righ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
