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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie ( , ; November 25, 1835August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the History of the iron and steel industry in the United States, American steel industry in the late-19th century and became one of the List of richest Americans in history, richest Americans in history. He became a leading philanthropist in the United States, Great Britain, and the British Empire. During the last 18 years of his life, he gave away around $350 million (equivalent to $ billion in ), almost 90 percent of his fortune, to charities, foundations and universities. His 1889 article proclaiming "The Gospel of Wealth" called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society, expressed support for progressive taxation and an Inheritance tax, estate tax, and stimulated a wave of philanthropy. Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland. He immigrated to what is now Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States with his parents in 1848 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunfermline
Dunfermline (; , ) is a city, parish, and former royal burgh in Fife, Scotland, from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth. Dunfermline was the de facto capital of the Kingdom of Scotland between the 11th and 15th centuries. The earliest known settlements around Dunfermline probably date to the Neolithic period, growing by the Bronze Age. The city was first recorded in the 11th century, with the marriage of Malcolm III of Scotland, and Saint Margaret of Scotland, Saint Margaret at Dunfermline. As List of Scottish consorts, Queen consort, Margaret established a church dedicated to the Trinity, Holy Trinity, which evolved into Dunfermline Abbey under their son David I of Scotland, David I in 1128, and became firmly established as a prosperous royal mausoleum for the Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish Crown. A total of eighteen royals, including seven Kings, were buried here between 1093 and 1420 including Robert the Bruce in 1329. By the 18th century, Dunfermline became a regiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnegie Council For Ethics In International Affairs
The Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs is a New York City–based 501(c)(3) public charity serving international affairs professionals, teachers and students, and the attentive public. Founded in 1914, and originally named ''Church Peace Union'', Carnegie Council is an independent and nonpartisan institution, aiming to be the foremost voice of ethics in international affairs. The Council focuses on ''Ethics, War and Peace'', ''Global Social Justice'', and ''Religion in Politics'' as its three main themes. It is separate and independent from all other Carnegie philanthropies. Carnegie Council publishes '' Ethics & International Affairs'', a quarterly academic journal that examines the intersection of moral issues and the international sphere. Among Carnegie Council's programs is Global Policy Innovations, which publishes '' Policy Innovations,'' an online magazine. Mission The Council convenes agenda-setting forums and creates educational opportunities and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Richest Americans In History
Comparing wealth of individuals across large spans of time is difficult, as the value of money and assets is heavily dependent on the time period. There are various methods of comparing individuals' wealth across time, including using Real versus nominal value (economics), simple inflation-adjusted totals or calculating an individual's wealth as a share of contemporary Gross Domestic Product, gross domestic product (GDP). For this reason, there is not one decisive ranking of the richest Americans in history. Many sources cite John D. Rockefeller (1839–1937) as the richest person in the history of the United States, however this result comes not from adjusting his wealth for inflation, but by comparing his wealth to the size of the American economy at that time. Since the economy was relatively small during his time period, his wealth represented a larger portion of the total economy. For example, economic blogger Scott Sumner noted in 2018 that Rockefeller was worth $1.4 billio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Iron And Steel Industry In The United States
The technological development of the US iron and steel industry has closely mirrored that of other countries. In the 1800s, the US switched from charcoal to coal in ore smelting, adopted the Bessemer process, and saw the rise of very large integrated steel mills. In the 20th century, the US industry transitioned from the open hearth furnace to the basic oxygen steelmaking process. After peaking in the 1940s and 1950s, the US iron and steel industry shifted toward smaller mini-mills and specialty mills that use iron and steel scrap instead of iron ore. Colonial Before the 19th century, iron production relied on charcoal. However, Britain’s once-abundant forests could no longer meet the nation’s growing demand for iron. By 1700, Britain was becoming increasingly dependent on iron imported from its sometimes-adversary Sweden. Britain looked to the seemingly limitless forests of its American colonies to supply Britain with iron. British investors started an iron furnace near Perr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrialist
A business magnate, also known as an industrialist or tycoon, is a person who is a powerful entrepreneur and investor who controls, through personal enterprise ownership or a dominant shareholding position, a firm or industry whose goods or services are widely consumed. Etymology and history The term ''magnate'' derives from the Latin word (plural of ), meaning 'great man' or 'great nobleman'. The term ''mogul'' is an English corruption of , Farsi, Persian or Arabic for 'Mongol'. It alludes to emperors of the Mughal Empire in Early modern India, Early Modern India, who possessed great power and storied riches capable of producing wonders of opulence, such as the Taj Mahal. The term ''tycoon'' derives from the Japanese language, Japanese word , which means 'great lord', used as a title for the . The word entered the English language in 1857 with the return of Matthew C. Perry, Commodore Perry to the United States. US President Abraham Lincoln was humorously referred to as ''th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
''Webster's Dictionary'' is any of the US English language dictionaries edited in the early 19th century by Noah Webster (1758–1843), a US lexicographer, as well as numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name in his honor. "''Webster's''" has since become a genericized trademark in the United States for US English dictionaries, and is widely used in dictionary titles. Merriam-Webster is the corporate heir to Noah Webster's original works, which are in the public domain. Noah Webster's ''American Dictionary of the English Language'' Noah Webster (1758–1843), the author of the readers and spelling books which dominated the American market at the time, spent decades of research in compiling his dictionaries. His first dictionary, ''A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language'', appeared in 1806. In it, he popularized features which would become a hallmark of American English spelling (''center'' rather than ''centre'', ''honor'' rat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbia Encyclopedia
The ''Columbia Encyclopedia'' is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and, in the last edition, sold by the Gale Group. First published in 1935, and continuing its relationship with Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ..., the encyclopedia underwent major revisions in 1950 and 1963; the current edition is the sixth, printed in 2000. It contains over 51,000 articles totaling some 6.5 million words and has also been published in two volumes. An electronic version of the encyclopedia is available, and the ''Columbia Encyclopedia'' is licensed by several different companies for use over the Internet. See also *'' Lincoln Library of Essential Information'' * Lists of encyclopedias * List of online encyclopedias Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Lauder Sr
George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Giorgio Moroder * George, son of Andrew I of Hungary Places South Africa * George, South Africa, a city ** George Airport United States * George, Iowa, a city * George, Missouri, a ghost town * George, Washington, a city * George County, Mississippi * George Air Force Base, a former U.S. Air Force base located in California Computing * George (algebraic compiler) also known as 'Laning and Zierler system', an algebraic compiler by Laning and Zierler in 1952 * GEORGE (computer), early computer built by Argonne National Laboratory in 1957 * GEORGE (operating system), a range of operating systems (George 1–4) for the ICT 1900 range of computers in the 1960s * GEORGE (programming language), an autocode system invented by Charles Leonard H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Lauder (industrialist)
George Lauder Jr. (November 11, 1837 – August 24, 1924) was a Scottish-American industrialist. A trained mechanical engineer, Lauder was responsible for many of the technical advancements made in the steel industry during the Industrial Revolution including updates to both the Bessemer Process and coal washing machinery while also leading the use of steel in arms and defense. Lauder was the first cousin and so-called "cousin-brother" of steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and his partner in the Carnegie Steel Company. He received proceeds from the sale in secure 5% gold mortgage bonds at 1.5 par value. Lauders fortune was later valued around $50 million (almost $2 Billion today).The sale of Carnegie Steel to J.P. Morgan in 1901 created U.S. Steel where Lauder sat on the board of directors. Early years George Lauder was the son of George Lauder and Seaton Morrison. His father owned the general store on the local high street in Dunfermline. George was better known in Scotland for hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas M
Thomas may refer to: People * List of people with given name Thomas * Thomas (name) * Thomas (surname) * Saint Thomas (other) * Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church * Thomas the Apostle * Thomas (bishop of the East Angles) (fl. 640s–650s), medieval Bishop of the East Angles * Thomas (Archdeacon of Barnstaple) (fl. 1203), Archdeacon of Barnstaple * Thomas, Count of Perche (1195–1217), Count of Perche * Thomas (bishop of Finland) (1248), first known Bishop of Finland * Thomas, Earl of Mar (1330–1377), 14th-century Earl, Aberdeen, Scotland Geography Places in the United States * Thomas, Idaho * Thomas, Illinois * Thomas, Oklahoma * Thomas, Oregon * Thomas, South Dakota * Thomas, Virginia * Thomas, Washington * Thomas, West Virginia * Thomas County (other) * Thomas Township (other) Elsewhere * Thomas Glacier (Greenland) Arts and entertainment * ''Thomas'' (Burton novel), a 196 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Carnegie Miller
Margaret Carnegie Miller (March 30, 1897 – April 11, 1990) was the only child of industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie and Louise Whitfield, and heiress to the Carnegie fortune. A resident of Manhattan, New York City, from 1934 to 1973, Miller was a trustee of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a grant-making foundation. The foundation was established by her father in 1911. From 1973 until her death in 1990, she was an honorary lifetime trustee. Personal life On April 22, 1919, four months before her father's death, Margaret married Roswell Miller Jr. (1894–1983) at the Andrew Carnegie Mansion at 2 East 91st Street on the Upper East Side. Officiating at the wedding were Rev. William Pierson Merril, pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church (New York City), Brick Presbyterian Church, where Margaret and Mrs. Carnegie were members, and Rev. Henry Sloane Coffin, pastor of the Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church where Mr. Carnegie was a member. Margaret Carnegie's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louise Whitfield Carnegie
Louise Whitfield Carnegie (March 7, 1857 – June 24, 1946) was an American philanthropist. She was the wife of Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Biography Early life Louise Whitfield was born on March 7, 1857, in the Chelsea neighborhood of New York City. Her parents—John D. Whitfield (died 1878), a prosperous New York City textile merchant, and Fannie Davis—descended from families who emigrated from England in the 1600s. Reaching relative success, John moved the family from Chelsea to Gramercy Park and finally to a brownstone on West 48th Street and Fifth Avenue. Adult life At the age of 23, Whitfield met Andrew Carnegie, himself aged 45, through her father. On April 22, 1887, Whitfield (now 30) married Carnegie (51) at her family's home in New York City in a private ceremony officiated by a pastor from the Church of the Divine Paternity, a Universalist church to which the Whitfields belonged. As wedding gifts from her husband, Louise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
