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Amphidromus
''Amphidromus'' is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae. The shells of ''Amphidromus'' are relatively large, from to in maximum dimension, and particularly colorful. During the 18th century, they were among the first Indonesian land snail shells brought to Europe by travelers and explorers. Since then, the genus has been extensively studied: several comprehensive monographs and catalogs were authored by naturalists and zoologists during the time period from the early 19th to the mid 20th centuries. Modern studies have focused on better understanding the evolution, evolutionary relationships within the group, as well as solving Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic problems. The genus ''Amphidromus'' is unusual in that it includes species that have Dextral coiling, dextral shell-coiling and species that have Dextral coiling, sinistral shell-coiling. In addition, some species within this g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphidromus Perversus
''Amphidromus perversus'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a Terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Camaenidae. ''Amphidromus perversus'' is the type species of the genus ''Amphidromus'', by the subsequent designation of Eduard von Martens (1860). Subspecies * ''Amphidromus perversus butoti'' Laidlaw & Solem, 1961 * ''Amphidromus perversus kadatuaensis'' Dharma, 2007 * ''Amphidromus perversus emaciatus'' (von Martens, 1867) (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, based on invalid original name; no replacement name has been proposed) * ''Amphidromus perversus natunensis'' Fulton, 1896 * ''Amphidromus perversus perversus'' (Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 1758) * ''Amphidromus perversus siglerae'' Thach, 2018 ;Synonyms: * ''Amphidromus perversus melanomma'' (Pfeiffer, 1852): synonym of ''Amphidromus melanomma'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) * ''Amphidromus perversus rufocinctus'' Fruhstorfer, 1905: synonym of ''Amphidromus perv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphidromus Roseolabiatus
''Amphidromus roseolabiatus'' is a species of Terrestrial animal, terrestrial gastropod in the family Camaenidae. Distribution Distribution of ''Amphidromus roseolabiatus'' includes central and northern List of non-marine molluscs of Laos, Laos, Nan Province in List of non-marine molluscs of Thailand, Thailand and Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park in List of non-marine molluscs of Vietnam, Vietnam. Found in Karimganj District, Bazaricherra, Assam, India. Description The shell measures in height and in width. (Original description) The sinistral shell is ovate-conic, moderately umbilicate, and relatively solid. It consists of 6.75 slightly convex Whorl (mollusc), whorls, with a barely discernible peripheral angulation. The upper whorls are white, transitioning to pale lemon on the lower whorls, which are marked by close-set, oblique light green lines. The shell exhibits spiral striations. The outer Lip (gastropod), lip and the Columella (gastropod), columella are pink and expa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphidromus Fuscolabris
''Amphidromus cruentatus'' is a species of air-breathing tree snail, an arboreal gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. Description The height of the shell attains 33.4 mm, its diameter 16.5 mm. (Original description in Latin) The sinistral shell is imperforate and oblong-conical. Its surface appears smooth and glossy, displaying a pale straw-colored hue that becomes greenish at the base. The apex presents a rosy coloration and is finely dotted with reddish markings. It consists of 6.5-7 slightly convex whorls, with the body whorl being ventrose and obtusely angled, and exhibiting fine ribbing on its back. The spire is a little shorter than the aperture, and the suture shows an orange color. The columella is vertical or slightly receding. The aperture is oblong, angled at the base, and milky white inside. The peristome is somewhat expanded and is tinged purplish on the inside and violet on the outside near the suture. Its margins are joined by a thin, purple callus, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphidromus Laevus
''Amphidromus laevus'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. ;Subspecies: * ''Amphidromus laevus janetabbasae'' J. Parsons, 2014 * ''Amphidromus laevus kissuensis'' Rolle, 1903 * ''Amphidromus laevus laevus'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) * ''Amphidromus laevus lakorensis'' Thach, 2019 * ''Amphidromus laevus nusleti'' J. Parsons, 2014 * ''Amphidromus laevus romaensis'' Rolle, 1903 Description The length of the shell attains 30 mm, its diameter 10 mm. (Original description in Latin) This species possesses a somewhat lentil-shaped, smooth, and sinistral shell. It is banded and features a somewhat reflected lip. The columella appears yellow. (Described in Latin as ''Amphidromus hemicyclus'') The shell is obtusely perforate, elliptically pyramidal, and semicircular, presenting a solid and very polished white surface that is encircled spirally by broad violet bands. Comprising six whorls, the penultimate appears somewh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphidromus Janus
''Amphidromus janus'' is a species of air-breathing tree snail, an arboreal gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. Description The height of the shell attains 47 mm, its diameter 20 mm. (Original description in Latin) This imperforate shell, which can be dextral or sinistral, is subfusiform-oblong, solid, and barely glossy. It is yellow with three external opaque green bands and internally glossy dark chestnut, the internal coloration not reaching the peristome. The basal band is very wide, and the shell is adorned with scattered chestnut varices. The spire is conical and rather sharp. The shell comprises six to seven somewhat convex whorls, with the body whorl occupying two-fifths of the shell's length and attenuated at the base. The columella is vertical and straight. The aperture is oblique, semi-oval, and subangulate at the base. The peristome is somewhat thickened, shortly reflexed, and white, with the margins joined by a dark chestnut callus. Distribution This sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dextral Coiling
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it ( semi-slug). Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group. Shell layers The gastropod shell has three major layers secreted by the mantle. The calcareous central layer, ostracum, is typically made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated into an organic matrix known as conchiolin. The outermost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chirality
Chirality () is a property of asymmetry important in several branches of science. The word ''chirality'' is derived from the Greek (''kheir''), "hand", a familiar chiral object. An object or a system is ''chiral'' if it is distinguishable from its mirror image; that is, it cannot be superposed (not to be confused with superimposed) onto it. Conversely, a mirror image of an ''achiral'' object, such as a sphere, cannot be distinguished from the object. A chiral object and its mirror image are called '' enantiomorphs'' (Greek, "opposite forms") or, when referring to molecules, ''enantiomers''. A non-chiral object is called ''achiral'' (sometimes also ''amphichiral'') and can be superposed on its mirror image. The term was first used by Lord Kelvin in 1893 in the second Robert Boyle Lecture at the Oxford University Junior Scientific Club which was published in 1894: Human hands are perhaps the most recognized example of chirality. The left hand is a non-superposable mirror ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a Family (biology), family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora. These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia. A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae. This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym (taxonomy), synonym of the Camaenidae. Anatomy Camaenid shells are often quite large (25–50 mm), but a number of species also have small shells (<5 mm). Shells reveal a remarkable diversity in shap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Christian Albers
Johann Christian Albers (13 March 1795, Bremen – September 1857, Stuttgart) was a German physician and malacologist. During his career, he served as ''Medicinalrath'' and ''Regierungsrath'' in Berlin. As a zoologist, he was the binomial authority, taxonomic authority of the land snail family Orthalicidae and of numerous land snail genera, including: ''Napaeus'', ''Diaphera'', ''Amphidromus'', ''Scutalus'', ''Drymaeus'' and ''Opeas''. In the field of medicine, Albers published an edition from Carl August Wilhelm Berends, Karl August Wilhelm Berends' "''Vorlesungen über die praktische Arzneiwissenschaft''" ("Lectures on practical medical science") with the title "''Handbuch der Nervenkrankheiten''" (1840). Principal works * ''Die Heliceen nach natürlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet'', 1850 – The helicids by natural affinity, arranged systematically. * ''Malacographia Maderensis sive enumeratio molluscorum...'', 1854 – Malacography of Madeira, or an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monograph
A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published as a book, but it may be an artwork, audiovisual work, or exhibition made up of visual artworks. In library cataloguing, the word has a specific and broader meaning, while in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration uses the term to mean a set of published standards. Written works Academic works The English term ''monograph'' is derived from modern Latin , which has its root in Greek. In the English word, ''mono-'' means and ''-graph'' means . Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship. This research is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For these reasons, publication of a monograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
