American Association Of University Women
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American Association Of University Women
The American Association of University Women (AAUW), officially founded in 1881, is a non-profit organization that advances Justice, equity for women and girls through advocacy, education, and research. The organization has a nationwide Social network, network of 170,000 members and supporters, 1,000 local branches, and 800 college and university partners. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. AAUW's CEO is Gloria L. Blackwell. History 19th century In 1881, Emily Fairbanks Talbot, Marion Talbot and Ellen Swallow Richards invited 15 alumnae from 8 colleges to a meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. The purpose of this meeting was to create an organization of women college graduates that would assist women in finding greater opportunities to use their education, as well as promoting and assisting other women's college attendance. The Association of Collegiate Alumnae or ACA (AAUW's predecessor organization) was officially founded on January 14, 1882. The ACA also worked to improve st ...
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Emily Fairbanks Talbot
Emily Fairbanks Talbot (February 22, 1834 – October 29, 1900) was an American philanthropist. Talbot and her daughter Marion Talbot founded the organization that became the American Association of University Women. Early life and career Emily H. Fairbanks was born February 22, 1834, in Winthrop, Maine, the daughter of Lydia Wood Tinkham and Columbus Fairbanks, a farmer. She was the eighth of nine children. In 1850, Phebe W. and Charles W. Fairbanks were at home with Emily and their parents. Three of Emily's siblings died within their first two years of life. She was a schoolteacher and advocated for higher learning for women and health reform. Marriage and children Emily married Israel Tisdale Talbot in 1856, becoming Emily Fairbanks Talbot. Her husband, born on October 29, 1829, in Sharon, Massachusetts, was director of the Boston homeopathic hospital and a founder, professor of surgery, and dean of the Boston University Medical School. He was involved in many public matters, ...
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Sex Discrimination
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but primarily affects women and girls. It has been linked to gender roles and stereotypes, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another. Extreme sexism may foster sexual harassment, rape, and other forms of sexual violence. Discrimination in this context is defined as discrimination toward people based on their gender identity or their gender or sex differences. An example of this is workplace inequality. Sexism refers to violation of equal opportunities (Equal opportunity, formal equality) based on gender or refers to violation of equality of outcomes based on gender, also called substantive equality. Sexism may arise from social or cultural customs and norms. Etymology and definitions According to legal scholar Fred R. Shapiro, the term "sexism" was most likely coined on November 18, 1965, by Pauline M. Leet during a "Student-Faculty For ...
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Marjorie Bell Chambers
Marjorie Bell Chambers (March 11, 1923 – August 25, 2006) was an American educator, historian, and politician. She was the first woman to run for Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico, a national president of the American Association of University Women, and the president of two colleges ( Colorado Women's College and Colby-Sawyer College). Biography Chambers was born on March 11, 1923, to Kenneth and Katherine Bell (née Totman) in New York City. After surviving tuberculosis during childhood, she married physicist William H. Chambers in 1945. She and William relocated their family to New Mexico in 1950 when William became employed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The couple had four children and continued to live and work mostly in New Mexico for the remainder of their lives. Death and legacy Chambers died in August 2006, after a long illness. The New Mexico state chapter of the American Association of University Women created the AAUW-NM Ingenious Ideas Award inspire ...
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Esther Brunauer
Esther Caukin Brunauer (July 7, 1901 – June 26, 1959) was an American diplomat who was a longtime employee of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) and then a U.S. government civil servant, who with her husband was targeted by Senator Joseph McCarthy's campaign against U.S. State Department officials whose loyalty to the U.S. he questioned. Early years Esther Delia Caukin was born on July 7, 1901, near Jackson, California, to parents born in California. Her father, an electrician, had left-wing political views. Her mother worked as a clerk, supported women's suffrage, and campaigned for Woodrow Wilson in 1914. The family moved frequently during Esther's childhood. She graduated from Girls' High School in San Francisco in 1920 and then attended Mills College, graduating with a B.A. in history in 1924. She earned a doctorate from Stanford University in 1927, financing her education in part with a fellowship from the American Association of University Women (AAUW). S ...
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Kate Brousseau
Kate Brousseau (April 24, 1862 – July 8, 1938) was an American professor and researcher on mental hygiene, chair of the Psychology Department at Mills College. Early life Kate Brousseau was born on April 24, 1862, in Ypsilanti, Michigan, daughter of Judge Julius Brousseau (1834–1903), born in New York by French Canadian parents, and Caroline Yakeley (1834–1901), of English and German heritage. Brousseau was the older of four siblings. Brousseau was educated at Los Angeles High School and Los Angeles State Normal school (later University of California, Los Angeles). She was valedictorian of her class, the first graduating from Los Angeles State Normal School in June 1884. She then studied at University of Minnesota, University of California, University of Chicago Law School, in Germany and in Paris. In Paris she was the only woman in a class of 60 students. She was granted a doctorate with high honors, Ph.D., from the Sorbonne, Paris, in 1904. Career Around 1882, Kate ...
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Pauline Suing Bloom
Pauline Suing Bloom (January 7, 1883 – March 19, 1940) was an American reporter and feature writer, founder of ''The Spokane Woman''. Early life Pauline Suing Bloom was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa, on January 7, 1883, the daughter of Henry B. Suing and Teresa Paschel. Career For years, Pauline Suing Bloom was a reporter and feature writer for ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', New York. She was the founder of ''The Spokane Woman'', a weekly magazine published in Spokane, Washington and was its editor from 1926 to 1932. She was a member of: Amethyst Club, Business and Professional Women's Club, Soroptimist Club, Women's Republican Club, Thursday Club, American Association of University Women. Personal life Pauline Suing Bloom born lived in Nebraska and New York and then moved to Washington in 1905 and lived at W. 1225 Eleventh Avenue, Spokane, Washington. She married Edward Jacob Bloom (born 1882 in Ohio), First Lieutenant of the United States Army, 4th U.S. Infantry, who died in ...
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Virginia Cleaver Bacon
Virginia Cleaver Bacon (February 1, 1883 – April 11, 1930) was the state librarian for Oregon. Early life and education Bacon was born on February 1, 1883, in Halsey, Oregon, the daughter of Alonzo and Laura Cleaver. Her sister was the author Kay Cleaver Strahan. She graduated from Portland High School and obtained an A. B. at University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon. In 1914, she graduated from the Riverside School of Library Service in California. In 1924, she obtained an A.M. from American University in Washington, D.C. Career She was prominent in library work in California, Missouri, and Washington, D.C. She was advisor in Adult Education at the Portland Public Library and established the first department of its kind on the Pacific Coast and made the work so outstanding that it was quickly adopted elsewhere. She later became Oregon State Librarian in 1929. In 1905, she was assistant for English Literature at University of Oregon. In 1909, she was the editor of the ''Bon ...
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Women's Sports Foundation
The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is a 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is "To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity." History The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King (tennis), Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic swimmer Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 King was awarded the Bob Hope Cavalcade of Sports for the "Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled ''womenSports''. The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women's S ...
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Equal Rights Advocates
Equal Rights Advocates (ERA) is an American non-profit gender justice/women's rights organization that was founded in 1974. ERA is a legal and advocacy organization for advancing rights and opportunities for women, girls, and people of marginalized gender identities through legal cases and policy advocacy. The organization advocates for the rights of women in minimum wage jobs, women of color, immigrant women, and LGBTQ+ people. ERA is based out of San Francisco and is led by executive director Noreen Farrell. Major initiatives and involvement Workplace justice In 2018, ERA co-sponsored and played a role in passing a package of anti-sexual harassment legislation, strengthening protections for working people across California, holding neglectful employers accountable, and making it easier for victims to get justice and healing. In 2016, ERA settled a lawsuit on behalf of women employed by BAE Systems Norfolk Ship Repair, who experienced a sexually hostile work environment and ...
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Legal Momentum
Legal Momentum, founded in 1970, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and the nation's first and longest-serving legal advocacy group for women in the United States. Betty Friedan and Muriel Fox were its co-founders and Muriel Fox is an ongoing leader of the organization. Carol Baldwin Moody became President and CEO in April 2018. The organization, founded as the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, became Legal Momentum in 2004. Legal Momentum is a multi-issue organization dedicated to advancing women’s rights and gender equality, particularly in the areas of equal education opportunities; fairness in the courts; ending all forms of gender-based violence; workplace equality and economic empowerment. The organization employs three main strategies: impact litigation, policy advocacy, and educational initiatives. It is headquartered in New York City. Major initiatives and involvement * Wins ''Sprogis v. United Air Lines, Inc.'' (marital status discrimination and sex discrimination), 1970 ...
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National Women's Political Caucus
The National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) is an organization which was founded in 1971 by leaders of the women's liberation movement to promote women's participation in government. The group describes itself as a multi-partisan grassroots organization in the United States dedicated to recruiting, training, and supporting women who seek elected and appointed offices at all levels of government. The NWPC endorses female candidates at the state and national level who adhere to the organization's core set of values. History Organizing Convention ''"The group's main purpose is to get women into positions of power, women who are committed to the causes of other women - not women who are going to just imitate the male politics as it has been practiced all these years complete with elitism, racism and prejudice against women, but women who really care about their sisters and will work for social reform. "'' ''-Gloria Steinem describing the purpose of the NWPC, July 1971''.An Orga ...
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