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Algerian War
The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) ''; '' (and sometimes in Algeria as the ''War of 1 November'') was an armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front (FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. * * * * * * An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. Effectively started by members of the FLN on 1 November 1954, during the ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth French Republic, Fourth Republic (1946–58), to be replaced by the Fifth French Republic, Fifth Republic with a strengthened pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth French Republic
The French Fourth Republic () was the republican government of France, government of France from 27 October 1946 to 4 October 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution of 13 October 1946. Essentially a reestablishment and continuation of the French Third Republic which governed from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, it suffered many of the same problems which led to its end. The French Fourth Republic was a parliamentary republic. Despite political dysfunction, the Fourth Republic saw an era of great economic growth in France and the rebuilding of the nation's social institutions and manufacturing, industry after World War II, with assistance from the United States through the Marshall Plan. It also saw the beginning of the rapprochement with France's longtime enemy West Germany, Germany, which led to Franco-German co-operation and eventually to the European Union. The new constitution made some attempts to strengthen the executive (gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Fourth Republic
The French Fourth Republic () was the republican government of France from 27 October 1946 to 4 October 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution of 13 October 1946. Essentially a reestablishment and continuation of the French Third Republic which governed from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, it suffered many of the same problems which led to its end. The French Fourth Republic was a parliamentary republic. Despite political dysfunction, the Fourth Republic saw an era of great economic growth in France and the rebuilding of the nation's social institutions and industry after World War II, with assistance from the United States through the Marshall Plan. It also saw the beginning of the rapprochement with France's longtime enemy Germany, which led to Franco-German co-operation and eventually to the European Union. The new constitution made some attempts to strengthen the executive branch of government to prevent the unstable situati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declaration Of 1 November 1954
The "Declaration of 1 November 1954" is the first independentist appeal addressed by the National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front (FLN) to the Algerian people, marking the start of the Algerian Revolution and the armed action of the National Liberation Army (Algeria), National Liberation Army (ALN). Historical context When the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD) organized its congress in April 1953, the independence option was decided, but the date for the hasty announcement of the insurrection had not yet been set. Writing It was journalist Mohamed Aïchaoui who was entrusted with the task of writing the revolutionary declaration under the supervision of the two leaders Mohamed Boudiaf and Mourad Didouche of the Group of Six. Impression The leaflets for this proclamation were drawn in the house of activist Ali Zamoum located in the village of Ighil Imoula in Great Kabylia. Distribution These sheets were then put in briefcases and sui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Algeria (1958-1962)
The national flag of Algeria () consists of two equal vertical bars, green and white, charge (heraldry), charged in the center with a red star and crescent, a symbol of Islam as the nation's prominent faith. The flag was adopted on 3 July 1962. A similar version was used by the Politics of Algeria, Algerian government in exile from 1958 to 1962. The Western blazon is ''per pale vert and argent; a crescent and star gules''. Description Algerian ships fly it as their ensign, except for ships of the Algerian National Navy, which use one charged with two white crossed anchors in the flag terminology, canton as the naval ensign. Formerly, the two crossed anchors in the canton were red. According to algeria-un.org, cited in 1999, the features of the flag are set down precisely, being described as: Construction Sheet Symbolism The flag aims to highlight Culture of Algeria, Algeria's cultural heritage, but there are different interpretations of its elements. According to Malek Chebe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benali Boudghène
Benali Dghine Boudghene (Arabic: بن علي دغين بودغن; May 5, 1934 – March 27, 1960), commonly known as Colonel Lotfi, was born on 5 May 1934 in Tlemcen in Algeria. Benali was an Algerian leader in the Algerian War, organising the Wilaya V from 1958 to 1960. He first worked as a Political leader with the National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front then moved to fighting in battlefield; he was killed in Béchar by French troops in 1960 Biography He was born on May 7, 1934, in Tlemcen in western Algeria. Joining the Liberation Front He joined the National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front at an early age, and he could handle all the responsibilities as a young member very well and had a good reputation among other members until he decided to move to fight in the battlefield. Death Colonel Lotfi died in battle against French troops on March 27, 1960, two years before independence in a mountain in eastern Béchar. Legacy He is co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabah Bitat
Rabah Bitat (; ALA-LC: ''Rābaḥ Bīṭāṭ''; 19 December 1925 – 10 April 2000) was an Algerian nationalist and politician. He served as interim President of Algeria from 1978 to 1979, after Houari Boumédiène's death. Career Bitat was appointed as Vice President of Algeria in the cabinet of Ahmed Ben Bella from September 1962 to September 1963. Bitat served as President of the People's National Assembly from April 1977 to October 1990 and was the interim President of Algeria from 27 December 1978 to 9 February 1979 after the sudden death of Houari Boumédiènne and before the election of Chadli Bendjedid. He was from the Front de Libération National. Bitat first supported and then opposed Ahmed Ben Bella. He held the transportation portfolio under Houari Boumédiène and later became the first president of the ANP (by the constitution of 1976). Bitat served as acting president (December 1978 – February 1979) after Boumédienne's death in December 1978. Death B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youcef Zighoud
Youcef Zighoud ( February 18, 1921 – September 23, 1956), also known as Colonel Si Ahmed, was an Algerian FLN fighter during the Algerian War of Independence. On August 20, 1955, he planned an attack against the French in Philippeville (currently called Skikda) and its surroundings, which is commonly referred to as the Battle of Philippeville. The attack led to a harsh crackdown and repression by the French government. While numbers are disputed, the conflict resulted in between 1,239 and 12,000 deaths. Zighoud, from whom the town of Zighoud Youcef takes its name, was killed in Sidi Mezghiche during a clash against the French Army. The town of Zighoud Youcef is named after him. Biography Zighoud attended a Qur'anic school after he had left a French primary school. At the age of 17, Zighoud joined the Algerian People's Party (PPA) and became a local official in Smendou in 1938. After being elected in the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD) in 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Zabana
Ahmed Zabana (; real name: Ahmed Zahana; 1926 – 19 June 1956) was an Algerian fighter who participated in the outbreak of the Algerian War. He was executed by guillotine by French regime colonizers on 19 June 1956, in Algiers. Early life Zabana was born in 1926 in Saint-Lucien (now Zahana). The youngest of nine children, he was a member of the Algerian Muslim Scouts, which inspired nationalist feeling in him. He joined the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties in 1950. He later became a member of the military wing of a pro-independence secret society, and participated in a mail operation in Oran in 1950. He was later arrested and spent three years in prison and an additional three years in exile. Role in the preparation of the revolution After the dissolution of the Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action on 5 July 1954, Zabana was commissioned by Larbi Ben M'hidi to prepare for the revolution by obtaining weapons and personnel. Zabana's tasks were to str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saïd Mohammedi
Colonel Saïd Mohammedi (; 27 December 1912 – 6 December 1994), also known as Si Nacer, was an Algerian nationalist, soldier and politician. Early life and collaborationism Born in the Berbers, Berber Kabyle people, Kabyle region of Tizi Ouzou, Saïd Mohammadi served in the French army. Attracted to Algerian nationalism, and intensely Islam, religious, he became involved with the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini. During World War II, he joined Al-Husseini to work with Nazi Germany, hoping that Hitler's defeat of France would lead to the liberation of Algeria and other French colonies. He enlisted in the Wehrmacht and fought in the Balkans (Yugoslavia and Greece) as well as on the Eastern front during Operation Barbarossa. After a stay in Berlin, he received the Iron Cross First Class, for exemplary soldiers. In the summer of 1944, along with five others (Algerians and Germans), Mohammedi was sent by the Abwehr on intelligence and sabotage missions to Algeria, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali La Pointe
Ali Ammar (; 14 May 1930 – 8 October 1957), better known by his nom de guerre Ali la Pointe, was an Algerian militant, prominent revolutionary and guerilla figure of the Algerian War. He is best known for being one of the FLN commanders during the Battle of Algiers. Ali lived a life of petty crime and was serving a two-year prison sentence when the Algerian War began. Recruited in the notorious Barberousse prison by FLN militants, he became one of their most trusted and loyal lieutenants in Algiers. On 28 December 1956, he was suspected of killing the Mayor of Boufarik, Amédée Froger. In 1957, French paratroopers led by Colonel Yves Godard systematically isolated and eliminated the FLN leadership in Algiers. Godard's extortion methods and tactics included torture. In June, la Pointe led teams setting explosives in street lights near bus stops and bombing a dance club that killed 17 people. Saadi Yacef ordered the leadership to hide in separate addresses within the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larbi Ben M'Hidi
Mohammed Larbi Ben M'hidi (; 1923 – 4 March 1957), commonly known as Si Larbi, was an Algerian revolutionary and prominent figure during the Algerian War of Independence. He is one of the six founding members of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) that launched an armed revolt throughout Algeria against French colonial rule and issued a proclamation calling for a sovereign Algerian state. Ben M'hidi initially commanded Wilaya V (the military district in the Oran region) and played an important role at the FLN's Soummam conference in August 1956. He headed FLN operations during the Battle of Algiers where he was the last member of the FLN's Comité de Coordination et d'Exécution (CCE; Committee of Coordination and Implementation). Ben M'hidi was a strong believer in that the revolution should be directed by "internal" rather than "external" revolutionaries. He was captured by French paratroopers in February 1957. His death was announced in March 1957 by Pierre Gor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krim Belkacem
Krim Belkacem ( or ) (September 14, 1922 – October 18, 1970) was an Algerian revolutionary and politician who was a notable figure during the Algerian War. As vice-president of the GPRA, he was the sole signatory of the Évian Accords on the Algerian side. After the 1965 coup d'état, he went into exile and was assassinated in Germany in 1970. Biography Krim was born in the village of Aït Yahia Moussa (now in Tizi Ouzou Province) in the Kabylie region of Algeria. During the Second World War, he joined the French Army, and was promoted corporal in the First Algerian Sharpshooter Regiment, reputedly becoming an excellent shot.Cheurfi, Achour, La Classe Politique Algerienne, Casbah Editions, Alger, 2006 - p 230 Demobilized on October 4, 1945, he returned to his home village, where he took up a bureaucratic post. Krim joined the underground Algerian People's Party at the beginning of 1946, setting up clandestine cells in 12 villages around Draa el-Mizan. Accused of the mur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
