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Algaecides
Algaecide or algicide is a biocide used for killing and preventing the growth of algae, often defined in a loose sense that, beyond the biological definition, also includes cyanobacteria ("blue-green algae"). An algaecide may be used for controlled bodies of water (reservoirs, golf ponds, swimming pools), but may also be used on land for locations such as turfgrass. Types Inorganic compounds Some inorganic compounds are known since antiquity for their algicidal action due to their simplicity. * Copper(II) sulfate remains "the most effective algicidal treatment". A related traditional use is the Bordeaux mixture, used to control fungus on fruits. * Hydrated lime, as a biocide, is allowed in the production of organic foods. Barley straw Barley straw, in England, is placed in mesh bags and floated in fish ponds or water gardens to help reduce algal growth without harming pond plants and animals. Barley straw has not been approved by the United States Environmental Protection Ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichlone
Dichlone (trade names Phygon and Quintar) is a fungicide and algicide of the quinone class. It is a general use fungicide applied to fruits, vegetables, field crops, ornamentals, and residential and commercial outdoor areas. It is also used to control blue algae. Dichlone is not Persistent organic pollutant, persistent in soil and has moderate mammalian toxicity. Dichlone can be manufactured by the Chlorination reaction, chlorination and Organic redox reaction, oxidation of naphthalene. : References {{reflist Algaecides Fungicides 1,4-Naphthoquinones Chloroarenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzalkonium Chloride
Benzalkonium chloride (BZK, BKC, BAK, BAC), also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt classified as a quaternary ammonium compound. ADBACs have three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and a phase transfer agent. ADBACs are a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, in which the alkyl group has various even-numbered alkyl chain lengths. Solubility and physical properties Depending on purity, benzalkonium chloride ranges from colourless to a pale yellow (impure). Benzalkonium chloride is readily soluble in ethanol and acetone. Dissolution in water is ready, upon agitation. Aqueous solutions should be neutral to slightly alkaline. Solutions foam when shaken. Concentrated solutions have a bitter taste and a faint almond-like odour. Standard concentrates are manufactured as 50% and 80% w/w solutions, and sold under trade names such as BC50, BC80, BAC50, BAC80, etc. The 50 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simazine
Simazine is an herbicide of the triazine class. The compound is used to control broad-leaved weeds and annual grasses. Preparation Simazine may be prepared from cyanuric chloride and a concentrated solution of ethyl amine (at least 50 percent by number) in water. The reaction is highly exothermic and is therefore best carried out below 10 °C. Cyanuric chloride decomposes at high temperatures into hydrogen chloride and hydrogen cyanide, both of which are highly toxic by inhalation. Properties and uses Simazine is an off-white crystalline compound which is sparingly soluble in water. It is a member of the triazine-derivative herbicides, and was widely used as a residual non-selective herbicide, but is now banned in European Union states. Like atrazine, a related triazine herbicide, it acts by inhibiting photosynthesis. It remains active in the soil for two to seven months or longer after application. See also * Atrazine Atrazine ( ) is a Organochlorine compo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyfluorfen
Oxyfluorfen is a chemical compound used as an herbicide. It is manufactured by Dow AgroSciences, Adama Agricultural Solutions and 4Farmers under the trade names Goal, Galigan, and Oxyfluorfen 240. Oxyfluorfen is used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds in a variety of nut, tree fruit, vine, and field crops, especially wine grapes and almonds. It is also used for residential weed control. It was first registered in the USA by Rohm and Hass, 1979, though their experiments started in 1974. Mode of action Oxyfluorfen is a diphenyl ether herbicide and acts via inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, (destroying chlorophyll production and cell membranes), making its Herbicide resistance classification, HRAC resistance class Group G (Aus), Group E (Global) and 14 (numerical). Oxyfluorfen suffers from poor translocation, despite rapid shoot and foliar uptake. Desiccation in affected weeds begins in hours, with necrosis and death following in days. Toxicity Oxyfluorfen has low acute o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoproturon
Isoproturon (IPU) is a urea class selective herbicide, which has been used to control annual grasses and many broad leafed weeds in wheat, barley, rye and triticale. Isoproturon was introduced in 1971 by Hoechst AG, (now AgrEvo GmbH), Rhône-Poulenc Rhône-Poulenc () was a French chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1928. In 1999, it merged with Hoechst AG to form Aventis. As of 2015, the pharmaceutical operations of Rhône-Poulenc are part of Sanofi and the chemicals divisions ... and Ciba-Geigy AG. It was once one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, however it has suffered various bans, including the USA, and until 2016 was sold in 22 European countries. Regulation IPU is used in India. In 2007, was used, 2.6% of India's total herbicide consumption. Australia Isoproturon was never registered in Australia. Agronomist Bill Crabtree estimates potential A$47 billion savings if IPU had been available since 1980. 4Farmers' attempt to register IPU is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fentin
Fentin acetate is an organotin compound with the formula (C6H5)3SnO2CCH3. It is a colourless solid that was previously used as a fungicide Fungicides are pesticides used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in losses of yield and quality. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals, .... Structure Most carboxylates of triphenyltin adopt polymeric structures with five-coordinate Sn centers. References External links * {{PPDB, 311 Acetate esters Obsolete pesticides Fungicides Triphenyltin compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Phosphatase 2A
Protein phosphatase 2A may refer to: * Protein phosphatase 2 Protein phosphatase 2 (PP2), also known as PP2A, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2CA'' gene. The PP2A heterotrimeric protein phosphatase is ubiquitously expressed, accounting for a large fraction of phosphatase activity in ..., an enzyme * Myosin-light-chain phosphatase, an enzyme {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endothal
Endothall (3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid) is used as an herbicide for terrestrial and aquatic plants. It is used as an aquatic herbicide for submerged aquatic plants and algae in lakes, ponds and irrigation canals. It is used, as a desiccant on potatoes, hops, cotton, clover and alfalfa. It is used as a biocide to control mollusks and algae in cooling towers. Endothall is a selective contact herbicide that has been used to manage submerged aquatic vegetation for over 50 years. The herbicide damages the cells of susceptible plants at the point of contact but does not affect areas untouched by the herbicide, like roots or tubers (underground storage structures). The chemical formula for endothall is C8H10O5. Its Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) name is 7-oxabicyclo .2.1eptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. It is an organic acid but is used as the dipotassium salt or the mono-''N, N-dimethylalkylamine'' salt. It is considered safe in drinking water by the EPA up to a maximum contaminant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diuron
DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is an algicide and herbicide of the aryl urea class that inhibits photosynthesis. It was introduced by Bayer in 1954 under the trade name of Diuron. History In 1952, chemists at E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company patented a series of aryl urea derivatives as herbicides. Several compounds covered by this patent were commercialized as herbicides: chlortoluron (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) and DCMU, the (3,4-dichlorophenyl) example. Subsequently, over thirty related urea analogs with the same mechanism of action reached the market worldwide. Synthesis As described in the du Pont patent, the starting material is 3,4-dichloroaniline, which is treated with phosgene to form a isocyanate derivative. This is subsequently reacted with dimethylamine to give the final product. :Aryl-NH2 + COCl2 → Aryl-NCO :Aryl-NCO + NH(CH3)2 → Aryl-NHCON(CH3)2 Mechanism of action DCMU is a very specific and sensitive inhibitor of photosynthesis. It blocks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichlorophen
Dichlorophen is an anticestodal agent, fungicide, germicide, and antimicrobial agent.Milne, G.W.A. (Ed.). (2005). ''Gardner's commercially important chemicals: Synonyms, trade names, and properties.'' Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-InterscienceGoogle Books/ref> It is used in combination with toluene for the removal of parasites such as ascarids, hookworms, and tapeworms from dogs and cats. Safety and regulation LD50 In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. The value of LD50 for a substance is the dose requ ... (oral, mouse) is 3300 mg/kg. References Antiparasitic agents Chloroarenes Phenols Veterinary drugs {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
