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Alfredo Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (; 3 November 1912 – 16 August 2006) was a Paraguayan politician, army general and Military dictatorship, military dictator who ruled as the 42nd president of Paraguay from 15 August 1954 until his overthrow in 1989. Known there as ''El Stronato'', Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, his dictatorship was marked by political violence. Before his accession to the presidency, he was the country's ''de facto'' leader from May to August 1954. Stroessner rose to power after leading the 1954 Paraguayan coup d'état on 4 May, with backing from the Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party and Paraguayan Army. Following a brief provisional government under Tomás Romero Pereira, he was elected unopposed in the 1954 Paraguayan presidential election, 1954 presidential election, as all opposition parties had been banned since 1947. He quickly suspended constitutional and civil rights upon taking office on 15 August 1954. With the army and military police, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomás Romero Pereira
Tomás Romero Pereira (4 October 1886 – 12 August 1982) was a Paraguayan architect and politician who served as President of Paraguay from May to August of 1954. He was installed as President of Paraguay, president by Alfredo Stroessner after the 1954 Paraguayan coup d'état, coup of 4 May against President Federico Chaves. Romero Pereira quickly held 1954 Paraguayan presidential election, elections, which fraudulently elected Stroessner president. Early life Tomás Romero Pereira was born on 4 October 1886 in Encarnación, Paraguay, Encarnación, Paraguay, to Emilio Romero and Isabel Pereira. He had three sisters: Rosa Isabel, Josefa, and Sandalia; and two brothers: Emilio and Cayo. Romero Pereira became an architect, one of the first professionally trained ones in Paraguay. One of his works is the Frontispiece (architecture), frontispiece of the Oratory (worship), Oratory of the Assumption of Mary, Virgin of the Assumption in Asunción. He married Lilia Isabel Arza. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictatorship Of Alfredo Stroessner
The dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, colloquially known as the Stronismo or Stronato, was the period of almost 35 years in the history of Paraguay in which army general Alfredo Stroessner ruled the country as a ''de facto'' one-party state under an authoritarian military dictatorship, from 15 August 1954 to 3 February 1989. Historical context After World War II and overthrow of the Higinio Moríñigo regime, Juan Natalicio González assumed the President of Paraguay, Presidency, but he was soon overthrown and followed by Presidents who held power for only a few months each. Some stability was achieved after Federico Chávez was elected on 10 September 1949. Three weeks after taking office, Chávez imposed a state of siege, using his executive emergency powers under the Constitution of 1940 to attack the supporters of González and of ex-President Felipe Molas López. The growing economic problems after two decades of extreme political and social unrest had undermined and sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABC Color
''ABC Color'' is a Paraguayan daily newspaper that is part of Editorial Azeta S.A., a subsidiary of Grupo Azeta. It was established in 1967 by Aldo Zuccolillo. Founded in August 1967, it is often regarded as Paraguay's newspaper of record. History ABC Color was founded August 8, 1967 by Aldo Zuccolillo. It was the first newspaper in Paraguay to introduce color pages and the tabloid format. It also became the first to be distributed nationwide, reaching beyond the capital. It is one of the most widely read daily newspapers in Paraguay. In its formative years, ''ABC Color'' supported Alfredo Stroessner's autocratic regime. During the founding event of the newspaper, Zuccolillo declared this is "a great newspaper serving a great government". However, in the late 1970s and during the 1980s, ''ABC Color'' took a more critical position. This shift resulted in Zuccolillo being imprisoned for several days in 1983 due to his dissent against the regime. It also caused the forced suspensi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 Paraguayan Coup D'état
The 1989 Paraguayan coup d'état, also known as La Noche de la Candelaria, was a coup d'état that took place on 2–3 February 1989 in Asunción, Paraguay, led by General Andrés Rodríguez against the regime of long-time leader Alfredo Stroessner. The bloody overthrow which saw numerous soldiers killed in street fighting was sparked by a power struggle in the highest echelons of the government. Rodríguez's takeover spelled the end of El Stronato, Stroessner's thirty-four year long rule, at the time the longest in Latin America, and led to an array of reforms which abolished numerous draconian laws and led to the liberalization of Paraguay. Background Alfredo Stroessner, a general and veteran of the Paraguayan Civil War and the Chaco War, came to power in the aftermath of the 1954 coup d'état. Soon after taking office, he declared a "state of siege" and instituted a number of laws and security reforms which gave him the power to suspend civil liberties, including ''habea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Paraguay
The Republic of Paraguay is governed under the constitution of 1992, which is the country's sixth since independence from Spain in 1811. Independence The recorded history of Paraguay began in 1516 with the failed expedition of Juan Díaz de Solís to the Río de la Plata estuary, which divides Argentina and Uruguay. After further voyages of conquest, Paraguay became another of Spain's South American colonies. Paraguay finally gained its independence from Spain in 1811. Constitutional Governmental Regulations of 1813 The Constitutional Governmental Regulations, approved by the Congress of Paraguay two years after its independence from Spain in October 1813. The Constitutional Governmental Regulations contained seventeen articles, providing for a government by headed by two consuls, José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia and Fulgencio Yegros. The framers also provided for a legislature of 1,000 representatives. Recognizing the importance of the military in the embattled country, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Fraud
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud, or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both. It differs from but often goes hand-in-hand with voter suppression. What exactly constitutes electoral fraud varies from country to country, though the goal is often election subversion. Electoral legislation outlaws many kinds of election fraud, * also at but other practices violate general laws, such as those banning assault, harassment or libel. Although technically the term "electoral fraud" covers only those acts which are illegal, the term is sometimes used to describe acts which are legal, but considered morally unacceptable, outside the spirit of an election or in violation of the principles of democracy. Show elections, featuring only one candidate, are sometimes classified as electoral fraud, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Paraguayan General Election
General elections were held in Paraguay on 14 February 1988.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p425 Alfredo Stroessner of the Colorado Party won the presidential elections, whilst the Colorado Party won 20 of the 30 seats in the Senate and 40 of the 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Voter turnout was 92%.Nohlen, p426 These were the first elections held since Stroessner nominally lifted a state of siege in 1987. The state of siege had been in force since he took office in 1954. Despite this, the elections took place in an atmosphere that was little different from past elections during Stroessner's 34-year rule. Opposition leaders were arbitrarily arrested, and opposition meetings and demonstrations were broken up—often brutally. The Colorados were the only party allowed to campaign unhindered. By election day, the only independent media outlets that had not been shut down were those operated by the Catholic Church. Under these con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1958 Paraguayan General Election
General elections were held in Paraguay on 9 February 1958.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p425 At the time, the Colorado Party was the only legally permitted party. As such, incumbent president Alfredo Stroessner was unopposed for a full term; he had been in office since 1954 by virtue of winning a special election for the remainder of Federico Chávez' second term. Results References {{Paraguay-election-stub Paraguay General Elections in Paraguay Single-candidate elections Presidential elections in Paraguay Alfredo Stroessner Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ... Election and referendum articles with incomplete results ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Repression
Political repression is the act of a state entity controlling a citizenry by force for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing the citizenry's ability to take part in the political life of a society, thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens. Repression tactics target the citizenry who are most likely to challenge the political ideology of the state in order for the government to remain in control. In autocracies, the use of political repression is to prevent anti-regime support and mobilization. It is often manifested through policies such as human rights violations, surveillance abuse, police brutality, kangaroo courts, imprisonment, involuntary settlement, stripping of citizen's rights, lustration, and violent action or terror such as murder, summary executions, torture, forced disappearance, and other extrajudicial punishment of political activists, dissidents, or the general population. Direct repression tact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Police
image:Putin-Stasi-Ausweis.png, 300px, Vladimir Putin's secret police identity card, issued by the East German Stasi while he was working as a Soviet KGB liaison officer from 1985 to 1989. Both organizations used similar forms of repression. Secret police (or political police) are police, Intelligence agency, intelligence, or Security agency, security agencies that engage in covert operations against a government's political, ideological, or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of Authoritarianism, authoritarian and Totalitarianism, totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization. History Africa Egypt Egypt is home to Africa and the Middle East's first internal security service: The Stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Police
Military police (MP) are law enforcement agencies connected with, or part of, the military of a state. Not to be confused with civilian police, who are legally part of the civilian populace. In wartime operations, the military police may support the main fighting force with force protection, convoy security, Screening (tactical), screening, rear reconnaissance, logistic traffic management, counterinsurgency, and detainee handling. In different countries it may refer to: * A section of military forces assigned to police, or garrison, occupied territories, usually during a war. * A section of military forces assigned to policing Prisoner of war, prisoners of war Detention (imprisonment), detentions. * A section of the military responsible for policing the areas of responsibility of the armed forces (referred to as Provost (military police), provosts) against all criminal activity by military or civilian personnel * A section of the military responsible for policing in both the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1954 Paraguayan Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Paraguay on 11 July 1954,Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p425 following a military coup on 8 May 1954 which toppled Federico Chávez who had been re-elected the previous year. At the time, the Colorado Party was the only legally permitted party. Alfredo Stroessner, who had led the coup, ran as the Colorado candidate in a special election for the remainder of Chávez' term, and was elected unopposed. This was the first of Stroessner's eight consecutive election victories. Results References {{Paraguay-election-stub Paraguay Presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The p ... Presidential elections in Paraguay Single-candidate elections Alfredo Stroessner Paraguayan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
