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Aftermath Of The Iranian Revolution
Following the Iranian revolution, which overthrew the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran in February 1979, Iran was in a "revolutionary crisis mode" until 1982 or 1983 when forces loyal to the revolution's leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, consolidated power. During this period, Iran's economy and the apparatus of government collapsed; its military and security forces were in disarray. Rebellions by Marxist guerrillas and federalist parties against Islamist forces in 1979 Khuzestan insurgency, Khuzistan, 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran, Kurdistan, and Gonbad-e Kavus County, Gonbad-e Qabus started in April 1979, some of them taking more than a year to suppress. Concern about breakdown of order was sufficiently high to prompt discussion by the US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski over the danger of a Soviet invasion/incursion (the USSR sharing a border with Iran) and whether the US should be prepared to counter it. By 1983, Khomeini and his supporters had crushed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions. The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of List of monarchs of Persia, Iran's historical monarchy. In 1953, the CIA- and MI6-backed 1953 Iranian coup d'état overthrew Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, who had nationalized the country's oil industry to reclaim sovereignty from British control. The coup reinstalled Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as an absolute monarch and entrenched Iran as a client state of the U.S. and UK. Over the next 26 years, Pahlavi consolidated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Republic Of Iran Army
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army (), acronymed AJA (), commonly simplified as the Iranian Army, is the conventional military of Iran and part of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces. It is tasked to protect the territorial integrity of the country from external and internal threats and to project power. The Artesh has its own Joint Staff which coordinates its four separate service branches: the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces, the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy and the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force. In addition to the army (Artesh), Iran also maintains the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, a separate military force established after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The IRGC is tasked with safeguarding the ideological foundations of the Islamic Republic and defending the regime against internal and external threats. It operates its own ground, naval, and air units, as well as the elite Quds Force, which is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-Iranist Party
The Pan-Iranist Party () is an opposition political party in Iran that advocates pan-Iranism. The party is not registered and is technically banned, however it continues to operate inside Iran. During the Pahlavi dynasty, the party was represented in the Parliament and considered a semi-opposition within the regime, allowed to operate until officially denouncing Iran's assent to Bahraini independence in 1971. The party was forced to close down and merge into the Resurgence Party in 1975. It is an occasional supporter of the major nationalist party, National Front, and was nationalist with respect to its ideology. The Pan-Iranist Party was an anti-communist organization and regularly battled Tudeh Party of Iran mobs in the streets of Tehran. In the context of the 1940s, it is described as a "secular ultranationalist party", whereas in that of the mid-1960s, it is described as a "secular nationalist" party. Nowadays, the party is marked by opposing the pan-Islamism of the post ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Resistance Movement Of Iran
National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, census-designated place * National, Nevada, ghost town * National, Utah, ghost town * National, West Virginia, unincorporated community Commerce * National (brand), a brand name of electronic goods from Panasonic * National Benzole (or simply known as National), former petrol station chain in the UK, merged with BP * National Book Store, a bookstore and office supplies chain in the Philippines * National Car Rental, an American rental car company * National Energy Systems, a former name of Eco Marine Power * National Entertainment Commission, a former name of the Media Rating Council * National Motor Vehicle Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 1900–1924 * National Radio Company, Malden, Massachusetts, USA 1914–1991 * National Supermarke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Democratic Front (Iran)
The National Democratic Front () was a liberal political party founded during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that overthrew Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and was banned shortly after by the Islamic government. It was founded by , a grandson of celebrated Iranian nationalist Mohammad Mosaddegh and a "lawyer who had been active in human rights causes" before the downfall of the shah and the son of the fourth prime minister and the jurist Ahmad Matin-Daftari. Though it was short-lived, the party has been described as one of "the three major movements of the political center" in Iran during this period, and its ouster was one of the first indications that the Islamist revolutionaries in control of the Iranian Revolution would not tolerate liberal political forces. Overview The National Democratic Front was launched in early March 1979 at a meeting attended by approximately one million people. This was "at a time when all shades of secular opinion outside the guerrilla movements were be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim People's Republic Party
The Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) or Islamic People's Republican Party (IPRP; ) was a short-lived party associated with Shia Islamic cleric Shariatmadari. It was founded in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution as a "moderate, more liberal counterweight" to the theocratic, Islamist Islamic Republican Party (IRP) of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and disbanded in 1980. History The party was founded around March 1979. by a "group of bazaar merchants, middle-class politicians, and clerics associated with Khomeini's chief rival in Qom", the Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari. In contrast to the Islamic Republican Party, the Muslim People's Republican Party emphasized "collective" religious leadership - as opposed to leadership by Khomeini - "criticized the unruly behavior" of the revolutionary committees and the "harsh judgment" of the revolutionary courts, was ready to cooperate with the secular parties, and demanded free access for all to the broadcast media." The MP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nation Party Of Iran
Party of the Iranian Nation (or Nation Party of Iran, Iran Nation Party; ) is "a small opposition" party in Iran advocating establishment of a secular democracy. Although the party is technically illegal, it still operates inside Iran. Founded in 1951 by Dariush Forouhar, the party had a few hundred members, mostly high-school students, and was a member of National Front until the Iranian Revolution; however, it did not carry much weight in the leadership of the front. The party proposed rebuilding Iran by regaining its lost territories in Bahrain, Afghanistan and Caucasia, and its platform was based on anti-capitalism, anti-communism, anti-monarchism, anti-Semitism, anti-Bahá'ísm and anti-clericalism. Popular among high school students in Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement Of Militant Muslims
The Movement of Militant Muslims () is an Iranian Islamic socialist political group led by Habibollah Payman. The group had been revolutionary and is close to Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or nation .... References 1977 establishments in Iran Anti-imperialist organizations Banned political parties in Iran Islamic political parties in Iran Islamic socialist political parties Political parties established in 1977 Political parties of the Iranian Revolution Social democratic parties in Iran {{Iran-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JAMA (Iranian Party)
JAMA () is an Iranian political party founded in 1964. The party which was mainly active between 1979 and 1981 and a junior partner in the Cabinet of Bazargan, had been outlawed throughout much of its history due to dissenting the rule of both Pahlavi dynasty and the Islamic Republic. History JAMA, an acronym standing for 'The Liberation Movement of the People of Iran' (), was founded in 1964 by a number of radical members of the Party of the Iranian People who were led by Kazem Sami and Habibollah Payman. They had come to the conclusion that armed resistance is the best strategy to confront the government following the 1953 coup d'état. In summer 1965, members of the party including the two leaders were arrested which led to effective disruption of their plans. However, the organization continued to exist in small clandestine circles. In 1977, the leaders of the group split ways. Payman founded the Movement of Militant Muslims while Sami revived the organization with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Front (Iran)
The National Front of Iran () is an opposition political organization in Iran. It was founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949, and it is the oldest and arguably the largest pro-democracy group operating inside Iran, despite having never been able to recover the prominence it had in the early 1950s. Initially, the front was an umbrella organization for a broad coalition of forces with nationalist, liberal-democratic, socialist, '' bazaari'', secular and Islamic tendencies, that mobilized to successfully campaign for the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. In 1951, the Front formed a government which was deposed by the 1953 Iranian ''coup d'état'' and subsequently repressed. Members attempted to revive the Front in 1960, 1965, and 1977. Before 1953 and throughout the 1960s, the Front was torn by strife between secular and religious elements. Over time its coalition split into various squabbling factions, with the Front gradually emerging as the leading organization of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Movement Of Iran
The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI) or Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; ) is an Iranian pro-democracy political organization founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and Mossadeghists". It is the oldest party still active in Iran and has been described as a "semi-opposition" or "loyal opposition" party. It has also been described as a "religious nationalist party". The organization was split to the National Front (II), its establishment was supported by Mohammad Mossadegh. It then applied for the membership in the front with a platform advocating national sovereignty, freedom of political activity and expression, social justice under Islam, respect for Iran's constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the Charter of the United Nations. It believes in the separation of religion and state, while that political activity should be guided by religious values. FMI based on a moderate interpretation of Islam. It reje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Student Followers Of The Imam's Line
The Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line ( ''Dânešjuyân-e Mosalmân-e peyrov-e Khatt-e Emâm''), also called the Muslim Students of the Imam Khomeini Line, was an Iranian student group that occupied the U.S. embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979. The students were supporters of the Islamic Revolution who occupied the embassy to show their support for Ayatollah Khomeini and their outrage that the ex-Shah of Iran was admitted to the United States for cancer treatment, instead of being returned to Iran for trial and execution. The occupation triggered the Iran hostage crisis where 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days. History The organization was a group comprising students from several major science and technology universities of Tehran, including the University of Tehran, Sharif University of Technology, and Tehran Polytechnic. ''Time'' reported in December 1979 that there was "general agreement among Iranians and Western diplomatic sourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
