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2009 Iranian Presidential Election Protests
After incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declared victory in the 2009 Iranian presidential election, protests broke out in major cities across Iran in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi. The protests continued until 2010, and were titled the Iranian Green Movement ( ''Jonbesh-e Sabz'') by their proponents, reflecting Mousavi's campaign theme, and Persian Awakening, Persian Spring or Green Revolution.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) Protests began on the night of 12 June 2009, following the announcement that incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won nearly 63 percent of the vote, despite several reported irregularities. However, all three opposition candidates claimed the votes were manipulated and the election was rigged, with Rezaee and Mousavi lodging official complaints. Mousavi announced he "won't surrender to this manipulation", before lodging an official appeal against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran
Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9.8 million in the city as of 2025, and 16.8 million in the metropolitan area, Tehran is the List of largest cities of Iran, most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, the Largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East, second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East after Cairo, and the 24th most populous metropolitan area in the world. Greater Tehran includes several municipalities, including, Karaj, Eslamshahr, Shahriar, Tehran province, Shahriar, Qods, Iran, Qods, Malard, Golestan, Tehran, Golestan, Pakdasht, Qarchak, Nasimshahr, Parand, Pardis, Andisheh and Fardis. In the classical antiquity, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages (now Ray, Iran, Ray), a prominent Medes, Median city almost entirely des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilam, Iran
Ilam (; ) is a Kurds, Kurdish city in the Central District (Ilam County), Central District of Ilam County, Ilam province, Ilam province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. To the west, it borders Iraq. Demographics Language Language composition: Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 155,289 in 34,549 households. The following census in 2011 counted 172,213 people in 42,613 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 194,030 people in 53,581 households. Climate Ilam is situated in the cold mountainous region of Iran at a height of above mean sea level. It is located in the west of Iran at a latitude of 33° 38´ north and longitude of 46° 26´ east. Although this city is surrounded by mountains, its climate is also affected by deserts from the west and the south. This region presents a highly variable annual weath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiraz
Shiraz (; ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra, Fars, Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in Southern Iran, southwestern Iran on the () seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as ''Tiraziš'', is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was founded by the Sasanian dynasty and restored by the Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian peoples, Iranian Saffarid dynasty, Saffarid and Buyid dynasty, Buyid dynastie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahr Kord
Shahr-e Kord () is a city in the Central District of Shahrekord County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the largest city in the province, and is 90 km away from Iran's third largest city, Isfahan. History Coins have been found in Shahr-e Kord dating back to the Sassanian and Parthian era. Demographics Language The linguistic composition of the city: Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 126,746 in 31,977 households. The following census in 2011 counted 159,775 people in 44,081 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 190,441 people in 55,492 households. Geography Location Shahr-e Kord is located about southwest of Isfahan and of Tehran. It is topographically situated in the north of the Zagros Mountains. Being located above sea level, Shahr-e Kord is the most elevated among the centers of the provinces of Iran, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanandaj
Sanandaj (; ) is a city in the Central District of Sanandaj County, in the Kurdistan province of Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. With a population of 414,069, it is the second largest Kurdish city and 23rd largest city overall in Iran. History Sanandaj's founding is fairly recent, (about 250 years ago), yet in its short existence it has grown to become one of the centers of Kurdish culture.Geoffrey Khan, The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sanandaj, Piscataway NJ: Gorgias Press, p. 1. During the Iran–Iraq War the city was attacked by Iraqi planes and saw disturbances. Since 2019, UNESCO has recognized Sanandaj as Creative City of Music. The name "Sinna" first appears in records from the 14th century CE. Before this, the main city in the region was Sisar, whose exact location is unknown. Sisar was also called "Sisar of Sadkhaniya", or "Sisar of the hundred springs", and it has been proposed that the current name of "Sinna" is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasht
Rasht (; ) is a city in the Central District (Rasht County), Central District of Rasht County, Gilan province, Gilan province, Iran, serving as the capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is also known as the "City of Rain" (). With a population of 679,995 in 2016, it is the most populous city in northern Iran. Rasht is the largest city on Iran's Caspian Sea coast. Due to being between the coast and the mountains, the local environment is rainy with a humid subtropical climate, humid subtropical climate. It also has a temperate rainforest to its south, in contrast to the rest of Iran, which is mostly arid. It is a major trade center between Caucasus, Caucasia, Russia, and Iran, using the port of Bandar-e Anzali. Rasht is also a major tourist center with the resort of Masouleh in the adjacent mountains and the beaches of Caspian as some of the major attractions. Historically, Rasht was a major transport and business center which connected Iran to Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qazvin
Qazvin (; ; ) is a city in the Central District (Qazvin County), Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Qazvin province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the largest city in the province. Qazvin was a capital of the Safavid Iran, Safavid Empire for over forty years (1555–1598) and nowadays is known as the calligraphy capital of Iran. It is famous for its traditional confectioneries (like Baklava, Baghlava), carpet patterns, poets, political newspaper and Middle Persian, Pahlavi influence on its accent. Located in northwest of Tehran, in the Qazvin Province, it is at an altitude of about above sea level. Due to its position at the south of the rugged Alborz range called KTS Atabakiyam, its climate is cold but dry. History Qazvin has sometimes been of central importance at major moments of History of Iran, Iranian history. It was captured by invading Arabs (644 AD) and destroyed by Hulagu Khan (13th century). In 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Najafabad
Najafabad (; ) is a city in the Central District of Najafabad County, Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Najafabad is west of Isfahan and is increasingly becoming a part of the Isfahan Metropolitan area. The city serves as a trade center for agricultural products in the region, and is noted for its pomegranates and almonds. One of the attractions of Najafabad is the "Arg-e Sheykh Bahaie", which has recently been repaired. Etymology The area of modern day Najafabad was originally called ''Dahan'' (). However, during the time of the Safavid Shah Abbas the Great, the Shah wanted to send a gift containing jewellery and coins to the Sanctuary of Imam Ali in the city of Najaf, Iraq, and (according to the legend) as the caravan of camels carrying the gift was traveling towards Najaf, it stopped at Dahan near the city of Isfahan and refused to move. Following this, Shaykh Baha al-Din relayed to Shah Abbas, that Imam Ali himself had m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mashhad
Mashhad ( ; ), historically also known as Mashad, Meshhed, or Meshed in English, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. In the Central District (Mashhad County), Central District of Mashhad County, it serves as the capital of Razavi Khorasan province, Razavi Khorasan province, the county, and the district. It has a population of about 3,400,000 (2016 census), which includes the areas of Mashhad Taman and Torqabeh. The city was governed by different ethnic groups over the course of its history. Mashhad was previously a small village, which by the 9th century had been known as Sanabad (Mashhad), Sanabad, and which was located—along with Tus, Iran, Tus and other villages—on the ancient Silk Road connecting them with Merv to the east. Mashhad would eventually outgrow all its surrounding villages. It gained its current name meaning "place of martyrdom" in r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoy
Khoy (, ) is a city in the Central District (Khoy County), Central District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Occupied since Medes, Median times, it shares a long history as an important Christianity, Christian center.Andrew Burke, "Iran" pp. 138. Lonely Planet. History Khoy was named in ancient times for the salt mines that made it an important spur of the Silk Route. 3000 years ago, a city existed on the area where Khoy is located nowadays, but its name became Khoy only in the 14th centuries ago.Lida Balilan Asl, Elham Jafari. "Khoy's Expansion from Early Islam to Late Qajar According to Historical Documents" published spring 2013. vol 3 In 714 BC, Sargon II passed the region of which Khoy is part of in a campaign against Urartu. During the reign of Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Greater Armenia this city was a part of Nor-Shirakan province (ashkar). Khoy was mentioned in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khorramshahr
Khorramshahr (; ) is a city in the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is also known in Arabic by the local ethnically Arab population as Al-Muhammarah (). Khorramshahr is an inland port city located approximately north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Shatt Al Arab waterway near its confluence with the Haffar arm of the Karun river. The city was destroyed in the Iran–Iraq War, with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level. History The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of the Persian Gulf. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of the Karun River. The small town known as ''Piyan'', and later ''Bayan'' appeared in the area no sooner than the late Parthian time in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermanshah
Kermanshah is a city in the Central District (Kermanshah County), Central District of Kermanshah province, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is from Tehran in the western part of the country. The 2016 Census, National Census measured the population of the city as 946,651 (2025 estimate 1,117,000). Etymology "Kermanshah" derives from the Sasanian Empire, Sasanian-era title ''Kirmanshah'', which translates as "King of Kerman". This title was held by the son of Shapur III, Prince Bahram, who was bestowed with the title upon being appointed governor of the province of Kirman (Sasanian province), Kirman (present-day Kerman Province). Later, in 390, when he had already succeeded his father as Bahram IV, Bahram IV Kirmanshah (388–399), he founded the city and his title was applied to it, i.e. "(City of the) King of Kirman". History Prehistory Because of its antiquity, attractive landscapes, rich culture and Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
