2008 In Europe
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2008 In Europe
Events from the year 2008 in Europe. Incumbents Albania Andorra Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia European Union *President of the European Commission: José Manuel Barroso * President of the Parliament: Hans-Gert Pöttering *President of the European Council: ** Janez Janša (January–June) ** Nicolas Sarkozy (July–December) *Presidency of the Council of the EU: **Slovenia (January–July) **France (July–December) Finland France Germany Georgia Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City ...
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2008
2008 was designated as: *International Year of Languages *International Year of Planet Earth *International Year of the Potato *International Year of Sanitation The Great Recession, a worldwide recession which began in 2007, continued through the entirety of 2008. Events January * January 1 – Cyprus and Malta adopt the euro currency. * January 14 – At 19:04:39 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC, the uncrewed MESSENGER space probe is at its closest approach during its first flyby of the planet Mercury (planet), Mercury. * January 21 **Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a Great Recession in the United States, U.S. Great Recession, fueled by the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis. **Online activist group Anonymous (hacker group), Anonymous initiates Project Chanology, after a News leak, leaked interview of Tom Cruise by the Church of Scientology is published on YouTube, and the Church of Scientology issued a DMCA takedown, "copyright infringement" claim ...
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Russo-Georgian War
The August 2008 Russo-Georgian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Georgia,Occasionally, the war is also referred to by other names, such as the Five-Day War and August War. was a war waged against Georgia by the Russian Federation and the Russian-backed separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The fighting took place in the strategically important South Caucasus region. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century. Georgia declared its independence from the Soviet Union in April 1991, following a referendum during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. However, fighting (1991–92) between Georgia and Ossetian separatists resulted in parts of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast being under the ''de facto'' control of Russian-backed but internationally unrecognised separatists. In 1992, a joint peacekeeping force of Georgian, Russian, and Ossetian troops was stationed in the territory. A similar stalemate developed in the region of Abkhazi ...
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Morris Maddocks
Morris Henry St John Maddocks (28 April 1928 – 19 January 2008) was a bishop in the Church of England. He was a leading proponent of healing ministry and an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Chichester from 1987. He died on 19 January 2008. Morris served in parishes in London and York before being consecrated as a bishop and founding the Acorn Christian Healing Trust, now the Acorn Christian Healing Foundation, with his wife Anne. He was the author of ''The Christian Healing Ministry'', published in 1981. Life Morris Henry St John Maddocks was born in 1928, the son of a West Yorkshire priest. He was educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, and gained an MA at Trinity College, Cambridge. A keen sportsman, his military service was in the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, Royal Signals and Royal Army Service Corps. Rugby and cricket were his great interests. He trained for the ordained ministry at Chichester Theological College in 1952, then was ordained a deacon in 1954 a ...
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John Harvey-Jones
Sir John Harvey-Jones MBE (16 April 1924 – 9 January 2008) was an English businessman. He was the chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries from 1982 to 1987. He was best known by the public for his BBC television show, '' Troubleshooter'', in which he advised struggling businesses. Early life John Henry Harvey-Jones was born in Hackney, London, but spent most of his early childhood in Dhar, India, where his father, Mervyn Stockton Harvey-Jones (né Harvey), a former Captain in the Indian Army and bank employee, was guardian and tutor to a teenage maharajah. He was shipped back to Britain at age six to attend a prep school at Deal, Kent. He entered Dartmouth Royal Naval College at age 13. Royal Navy career Harvey-Jones joined Dartmouth Royal Naval College as a cadet in 1937, and in 1940, at the age of 16, he joined HMS ''Diomede'' as a midshipman. The next two ships that he served with, HMS ''Ithuriel'' and HMS ''Quentin'', were sunk by enemy action. Harvey-Jones ...
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Detlef Kraus
Detlef Kraus (30 November 1919 – 7 January 2008) was a German pianist. He was an internationally known interpreter of the music of Johannes Brahms. Born in Hamburg, Kraus gave his first concert at the age of 16, playing '' The Well-Tempered Clavier'' of Johann Sebastian Bach. His later emphasis was on Brahms, together with conductors like Ferenc Fricsay, Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Eugen Jochum, Hans Knappertsbusch, Joseph Keilberth, Kurt Masur, Wolfgang Sawallisch, and Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt, performing in New York City, Tokyo, London, and Berlin. From 1982 he was the president, later the honorary president, of the Johannes-Brahms-Gesellschaft in Hamburg; there he initiated the city's first Brahms competition. He taught piano at the Konservatorium Osnabrück and the ''Folkwang-Hochschule'' in Essen. Kraus published numerous papers on Brahms. Kraus died of heart failure on January 7, 2008, at the age of 88. Prizes * Brahms-Prize of the city of Hamburg (1975) * Brah ...
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Werner Dollinger
Werner Dollinger (10 October 1918 – 3 January 2008) was a German politician and economist, a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU). He served as Federal Minister for the Treasury from 1962 to 1966, Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation in 1966, Federal Minister of Post and Telecommunications from 1966 to 1969, and as Federal Minister of Transport from 1982 to 1987. Life Born in Neustadt an der Aisch in Middle Franconia, Dollinger studied economics and social sciences in Nuremberg, at the Goethe University Frankfurt and at the Technische Hochschule München. He obtained an MBA (''Diplom-Kaufmann'') degree in 1940 and two years later gained his doctorate. From 1943 to 1945, Dollinger served in the Wehrmacht armed forces during World War II. Back in his hometown after the war, he joined his father-in-law's brickyard business. He became chairman of the local Chamber of Commerce in 1948 and of the Middle Franconian clay industry association in 1952. As a ...
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Jimmy Stewart
James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 – July 2, 1997) was an American actor and military aviator. Known for his distinctive drawl and everyman screen persona, Stewart's film career spanned 80 films from 1935 to 1991. With the strong morality he portrayed both on and off the screen, he epitomized the " American ideal" in the mid-twentieth century. In 1999, the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked him third on its list of the greatest American male actors. He received numerous honors including the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1980, the Kennedy Center Honor in 1983, as well as the Academy Honorary Award and Presidential Medal of Freedom, both in 1985. Born and raised in Indiana, Pennsylvania, Stewart started acting while at Princeton University. After graduating, he began a career as a stage actor making his Broadway debut in the play '' Carry Nation'' (1932). He landed his first supporting role in '' The Murder Man'' (1935) and had his breakthrough in Frank Capra's ense ...
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Günter Schubert
Günter Schubert (18 April 1938 – 2 January 2008) was a German actor. He was born in Weißwasser and died in Berlin. His son Alexander Schubert is also an actor. Filmography * 1966: ''Die Söhne der großen Bärin'' * 1972: ''Sechse ziehen durch die ganze Welt'' * 1974: ''Hallo Taxi (TV series), Hallo Taxi'' * 1974: ''Johannes Kepler (film), Johannes Kepler'' * 1976: ''So ein Bienchen'' * 1977: ''Zur See'' * 1980: ''Archiv des Todes'' * 1982: ''Der lange Ritt zur Schule'' * 1982: ''Geschichten übern Gartenzaun'' * 1985: ''Geschichten übern Gartenzaun, Neues übern Gartenzaun'' * 1986: ''Das Schulgespenst'' * 1987: ''Maxe Baumann, Maxe Baumann aus Berlin'' * 1986: ''Treffpunkt Flughafen'' * 1988: ''Bereitschaft Dr. Federau'' * 1988: ''Polizeiruf 110'' * 1994: ''Elbflorenz (TV series), Elbflorenz'' * 1998: ''Leinen los für MS Königstein'' * 2001: ''Leipzig Homicide'' * 2003: ''Leipzig Homicide'' * 2007: ''Notruf Hafenkante'' * 2007: ''Cologne P.D.'', episode: ''Bremsversa ...
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George MacDonald Fraser
George MacDonald Fraser (2 April 1925 – 2 January 2008) was a Scottish author and screenwriter. He is best known for a series of works that featured the character Harry Paget Flashman, Flashman. Over the course of his career he wrote eleven novels and one short-story collection in the The Flashman Papers, Flashman series of novels, as well as non-fiction, short stories, novels and screenplays—including those for the James Bond film ''Octopussy'', ''The Three Musketeers (1973 live-action film), The Three Musketeers'' (along with The Four Musketeers (1974 film), both its The Return of the Musketeers, sequels) and Royal Flash (film), an adaptation of his own novel ''Royal Flash''. Biography Fraser was born in Carlisle, Cumbria, Carlisle, England, on 2 April 1925, son of medical doctor William Fraser and nurse Annie Struth, née Donaldson. Both his parents were Scottish. It was his father who passed on to Fraser his love of reading, and a passion for his Scottish heritage. Fras ...
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The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ...
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2008 Greek Riots
The 2008 Greek riots started on 6 December 2008, when Alexandros Grigoropoulos (), a 15-year-old Greek student, was killed by a special officer in Exarcheia district of central Athens. The killing of the young student by police resulted in large protests and Demonstration (people), demonstrations, which escalated to widespread rioting, with numerous rioters damaging property and engaging Riot control, riot police with Molotov cocktails, stones and other objects. Demonstrations and rioting soon spread to several other cities, including Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, and international cities in solidarity. Newspaper ''Kathimerini'' called the rioting "the worst Greece has seen since the metapolitefsi, restoration of democracy in 1974". While the unrest was triggered by the shooting incident, commentators described the reactions as expressing deeper causes as well, especially a widespread feeling of frustration in the younger generation about specific economic pro ...
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2008 Russian Presidential Election
8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. Etymology English ''eight'', from Old English '', æhta'', Proto-Germanic ''*ahto'' is a direct continuation of Proto-Indo-European '' *oḱtṓ(w)-'', and as such cognate with Greek and Latin , both of which stems are reflected by the English prefix oct(o)-, as in the ordinal adjective ''octaval'' or ''octavary'', the distributive adjective is '' octonary''. The adjective ''octuple'' (Latin ) may also be used as a noun, meaning "a set of eight items"; the diminutive '' octuplet'' is mostly used to refer to eight siblings delivered in one birth. The Semitic numeral is based on a root ''*θmn-'', whence Akkadian ''smn-'', Arabic ''ṯmn-'', Hebrew ''šmn-'' etc. The Chinese numeral, written ( Mandarin: ''bā''; Cantonese: ''baat''), is from Old Chinese ''*priāt-'', ultimately from Sino-Tibetan ''b-r-gyat'' or ''b-g-ryat'' which also yielded Tibetan '' brgyat''. It has been argued that, as the cardinal ...
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