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1984 In Science
The year 1984 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy and space exploration * February 7 – Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk. * The National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the United States converts the 36-foot radio telescope on Kitt Peak (originally built in 1967 in science, 1967) to the ARO 12m Radio Telescope. Biology * First known case of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, in England. * The enzyme telomerase is discovered by Carol W. Greider and Elizabeth Blackburn in the ciliate ''Tetrahymena''. * Danish physiologist Steen Willadsen first successfully uses cells from early embryos to clone a mammal (sheep) by nuclear transfer at the British Agricultural Research Council's Institute of Animal Physiology, Cambridge. Chemistry and physics * Peter Kramer (physicist), Peter Kramer and Dan Shechtman publish their discoveries of what will soon afterwards be named quasicrystals. * Hiroshi Kob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Blackburn
Elizabeth Helen Blackburn (born 26 November 1948) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who is the former president of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. In 1984, Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the telomere, with Carol W. Greider. For this work, she was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing it with Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak, becoming the first Australian woman Nobel laureate. She also worked in medical ethics, and was controversially dismissed from the Bush administration's President's Council on Bioethics. 170 scientists signed an open letter to the president in her support, maintaining that she was fired because of political opposition to her advice. Early life and education Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, the second of seven children, was born in Hobart, Tasmania, on 26 November 1948, with both her parents being family physicians. Her family moved to the city of Launceston when she was fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apple Computer
Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley. It is best known for its consumer electronics, software, and services. Founded in 1976 as Apple Computer Company by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, the company was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. the following year. It was renamed Apple Inc. in 2007 as the company had expanded its focus from computers to consumer electronics. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue, with billion in the 2024 fiscal year. The company was founded to produce and market Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. Its second computer, the Apple II, became a best seller as one of the first mass-produced microcomputers. Apple introduced the Lisa in 1983 and the Macintosh in 1984, as some of the first computers to use a graphical user interface and a mouse. By 1985, internal company problems led to Jobs leaving to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulletin Of The Chemical Society Of Japan
is a scientific journal, which was founded in 1926 by the Chemical Society of Japan. It publishes accounts, articles, and short articles in the fields of theoretical and physical chemistry, analytical and inorganic chemistry, organic and biological chemistry, and applied and materials chemistry. Due to World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ... publication was suspended between 1945 and 1946. It is published in both a print edition and an online edition. External links Homepage of the Chemical Society of Japan References Chemistry journals Academic journals established in 1926 Academic journals published by learned and professional societies Chemical Society of Japan {{chem-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate
Tetrakis ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylorate is an anion with chemical formula 4B">sub>4Bsup>−, which is commonly abbreviated as ArF4sup>−, indicating the presence of fluorinated aryl (ArF) groups. It is sometimes referred to as ''Kobayashi's anion'' in honour of Hiroshi Kobayashi who led the team that first synthesised it. More commonly it is affectionately nicknamed "BARF." The BARF ion is also abbreviated BArF24−, to distinguish it from the closely related , C6F5)4Bsup>−. However, for a small group of chemists, the anion is abbreviated as TFPB otherwise, short for Tetrakis ,5-bis(triFluoromethyl)Phenyl''Borate. BARF has a tetrahedral geometry around the central boron atom but each of the four surrounding aryl groups is aromatic and planar. The motivation for its preparation was the search for an anion that coordinates more weakly than the then-available ions hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, or perchlorate. Salts of this anion are known as solids and in bot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quasicrystal
A quasiperiodicity, quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is Order and disorder (physics), ordered but not Bravais lattice, periodic. A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space, but it lacks translational symmetry. While crystals, according to the classical crystallographic restriction theorem, can possess only two-, three-, four-, and six-fold rotational symmetries, the Bragg diffraction pattern of quasicrystals shows sharp peaks with other symmetry orders—for instance, five-fold. Aperiodic tilings were discovered by mathematicians in the early 1960s, and some twenty years later, they were found to apply to the study of natural quasicrystals. The discovery of these aperiodic forms in nature has produced a paradigm shift in the field of crystallography. In crystallography, the quasicrystals were predicted in 1981 by a five-fold symmetry study of Alan Lindsay Mackay,—that also brought in 1982, with the crystallographic Fourier t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physical Review Letters
''Physical Review Letters'' (''PRL''), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society. The journal is considered one of the most prestigious in the field of physics. Over a quarter of Physics Nobel Prize-winning papers between 1995 and 2017 were published in it. ''PRL'' is published both online and as a print journal. Its focus is on short articles ("letters") intended for quick publication. The Lead Editor is Hugues Chaté. The Managing Editor is Robert Garisto. History The journal was created in 1958. Samuel Goudsmit, who was then the editor of '' Physical Review'', the American Physical Society's flagship journal, organized and published ''Letters to the Editor of Physical Review'' into a new standalone journal'','' which became ''Physical Review Letters''. It was the first journal intended for the rapid publication of short articles, a format that eventually became popular in many other fiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Shechtman
Dan Shechtman (; born January 24, 1941)Dan Shechtman . (PDF). Retrieved on January 28, 2012. is the Philip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the , an Associate of the 's , and Professor of Materials Science at |
Peter Kramer (physicist)
Peter Kramer (born 1933 in Quedlinburg) is a German physicist. Personal life Kramer studied physics at the University of Münster, the University of Tübingen, the University of Bristol and the University of Marburg. He received his PhD in 1964 in Marburg and in 1968 his Habilitation in Tübingen. He was a postdoc at the UNAM in Mexico City, where he collaborated with Marcos Moshinsky. He was a professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Tübingen from 1970 until 1998 when he retired. He has also served as a Dean and a Vice President at the University of Tübingen. Kramer married in 1962 and has two children. Scientific work Kramer's work is concerned with applications of groups and representations in mathematical physics. His early work was in nuclear physics. In the early eighties he and his student Roberto Neri developed a mathematical model for quasiperiodic tesselations of three-dimensional space. Their paper was submitted in 1983 and published in 1984, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genome (journal)
''Genome'', formerly known as the ''Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology'' (1959–1986), is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that published since 1959 by NRC Research Press. ''Genome'' prints articles in the fields of genetics and genomics, including cytogenetics, molecular and evolutionary genetics, population genetics, and developmental genetics. ''Genome'' is affiliated with the Canadian Society for Molecular Biosciences, and is co-edited by Melania Cristescu of McGill University and Lewis Lukens of University of Guelph The University of Guelph (abbreviated U of G) is a comprehensive Public university, public research university in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. It was established in 1964 after the amalgamation of Ontario Agricultural College (1874), the MacDonald I .... References External links * Monthly journals Genetics journals Canadian Science Publishing academic journals Multilingual journals Academic journals established in 1959 Genomics j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature (journal)
''Nature'' is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England. As a multidisciplinary publication, ''Nature'' features Peer review, peer-reviewed research from a variety of academic disciplines, mainly in science and technology. It has core editorial offices across the United States, continental Europe, and Asia under the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature. ''Nature'' was one of the world's most cited scientific journals by the Science Edition of the 2022 ''Journal Citation Reports'' (with an ascribed impact factor of 50.5), making it one of the world's most-read and most prestigious academic journals. , it claimed an online readership of about three million unique readers per month. Founded in the autumn of 1869, ''Nature'' was first circulated by Norman Lockyer and Alexander MacMillan (publisher), Alexander MacMillan as a public forum for scientific innovations. The mid-20th century facilitated an editorial expansion for the j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Research Council
The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) was a British Research Council responsible for funding and managing scientific and technological developments in farming and horticulture. History The AFRC was formed in 1983 from its predecessor, the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). It was replaced by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as a result of government reorganisation in 1994. At that time, Sir William Henderson who was secretary to the AFRC claimed that "agriculture was a success story" hence the AFRC could be closed and a new vision for research was envisaged in the creation of the BBSRC. With this shift in emphasis, there also followed the closure of several educational and research organisations as for example the internationally renowned Wye College The College of St Gregory and St Martin at Wye, commonly known as Wye College, was an education and research institution in the village of Wye, Kent. In 1447, Cardinal (Catholic Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
