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1980 In Iran
Events from the year 1980 in Iran. Incumbents * Supreme Leader: Ruhollah Khomeini * President: Abolhassan Banisadr (starting February 4) * Prime Minister: Council of Islamic Revolution (until August 12), Mohammad-Ali Rajai (starting August 12) * Chief Justice: Mohammad Beheshti Events * Beginning of Iran–Iraq War by Iraq. ** September 23 – Iran Air Force launched Operation Kaman 99 against Iraqi offensive. ** September 30 – Iranian Air Force launched Operation Scorch Sword against Iraqi nuclear developments in Osirak. ** October 9 – Iran Air force launched Operation Sultan 10 against Iraqi offensive. ** November 6 – Iraqi army started Siege of Abadan. ** November 10 – Iraqi army recaptured Iranian town of Khorramshahr ** November 28–29 – Iranian Navy and Air Force dismantled most of Iraqi navy in Operation Morvarid. See also * Years in Iraq * Years in Afghanistan References Iran Years of the 20th century in Iran Iran Iran, officially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Leader Of Iran
The supreme leader of Iran, also referred to as the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution, but officially called the supreme leadership authority, is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of Iran (above the President of Iran, president). The Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, armed forces, Judicial system of Iran, judiciary, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, state radio and television, and other key government organizations such as the Guardian Council and Expediency Discernment Council are subject to the supreme leader."Who's in Charge?" by Ervand Abrahamian ''London Review of Books'', 6 November 2008 According to the constitution, the supreme leader delineates the general policies of the Islamic Republic (article 110), supervising the Islamic Consultative Assembly, legislature, the Supreme Court of Iran, judiciary, and the Cabinet of Iran, executive branches (article 57). The current lifetime officeholder, Ali Khamenei, has issued ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osirak
Operation Opera (), also known as Operation Babylon, was a surprise airstrike conducted by the Israeli Air Force on 7 June 1981, which destroyed an unfinished Iraqi nuclear reactor located southeast of Baghdad, Iraq. The Israeli operation came a year after the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force had caused minor damage to the same nuclear facility in Operation Scorch Sword, with the damage having been subsequently repaired by French technicians. Operation Opera, and related Israeli government statements following it, established the Begin Doctrine, which explicitly stated the strike was not an anomaly, but instead "a precedent for every future government in Israel". Israel's counter-proliferation preventive strike added another dimension to its existing policy of deliberate ambiguity, as it related to the nuclear weapons capability of other states in the region. In 1976, Iraq purchased an ''Osiris''-class nuclear reactor from France.Ramberg, Bennett. ''Nuclear Power Plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Years Of The 20th Century In Iran
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 By Country
__NOTOC__ Year 198 (CXCVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 951 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 198 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire *January 28 **Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimius Severus, receives the title of Caesar. **Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus. China *Winter – Battle of Xiapi: The allied armies led by Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeat Lü Bu; afterward Cao Cao has him executed. By topic Religion * Marcus I succeeds Olympianus as Patriarch of Constantinople (until 211). Births * Lu Kai, Chinese official and general (d. 269) * Quan Cong, Chinese general and advisor (d. 249) Deaths * Li Jue, Chinese warlord and regent * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 In Iran
Events from the year 1980 in Iran. Incumbents * Supreme Leader: Ruhollah Khomeini * President: Abolhassan Banisadr (starting February 4) * Prime Minister: Council of Islamic Revolution (until August 12), Mohammad-Ali Rajai (starting August 12) * Chief Justice: Mohammad Beheshti Events * Beginning of Iran–Iraq War by Iraq. ** September 23 – Iran Air Force launched Operation Kaman 99 against Iraqi offensive. ** September 30 – Iranian Air Force launched Operation Scorch Sword against Iraqi nuclear developments in Osirak. ** October 9 – Iran Air force launched Operation Sultan 10 against Iraqi offensive. ** November 6 – Iraqi army started Siege of Abadan. ** November 10 – Iraqi army recaptured Iranian town of Khorramshahr ** November 28–29 – Iranian Navy and Air Force dismantled most of Iraqi navy in Operation Morvarid. See also * Years in Iraq * Years in Afghanistan References Iran Years of the 20th century in Iran Iran Iran, officially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Years In Afghanistan ...
This is a list of years in Afghanistan. See also the timeline of Afghan history. For only articles about years in Afghanistan that have been written, see :Years in Afghanistan. Twenty-first century Twentieth century Nineteenth century Eighteenth century Seventeenth century Sixteenth century See also * Timeline of Afghan history * Solar Hijri calendar#In Afghanistan Cities in Afghanistan: * Timeline of Kabul * Timeline of Herat {{DEFAULTSORT:Years in Afghanistan, List of Afghanistan history-related lists Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Years In Iraq ...
This is a list of years in Iraq, referring to the Iraqi Republic (1958-1963), Baathist Iraq (1963-2003) and Arab Republic of Iraq (2003–present). 21st century 20th century See also *History of Iraq *List of years by country * Timeline of Baghdad * Timeline of Basra * Timeline of Mosul {{DEFAULTSORT:Years in Iraq Iraq history-related lists Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Morvarid
Operation Morvarid () was an operation launched by the Iranian Navy and Air Force against the Iraqi Navy sites on 27 November 1980 in response to Iraq positioning radar and monitoring equipment on the Mina Al-Bakr and Khor-al-Amaya oil rigs to counter Iranian air operations. The operation resulted in a victory for Iran, which managed to destroy both oil rigs as well as much of the Iraqi Navy and inflicted significant damage to Iraqi ports and airfields. Background In late November, the Iranians decided to respond to the Iraqi destruction of the Abadan Refinery by neutralizing the Kohr al-Amaya and Mina al-Bakr offshore oil terminals. As a result of these attacks, it was planned that Iraq's navy would be drawn into the open sea where Iran's air force and navy would destroy it. Battle On 27 November 1980, after Iranian technicians prepared as many aircraft and helicopters as possible, Iranian F-4 Phantoms and F-5 Tiger IIs attacked Iraqi airfields around Basra. During the ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Navy
The Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN; ), also referred as the Iranian Navy (abbreviated NEDAJA; ), is the naval warfare service branch of Iran's regular military, the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (''Artesh''). It is one of Iran's two maritime military branches, alongside the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). NEDAJA is charged with forming Iran's first line of defense in the Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf and abroad. It is generally considered to be a conventional green-water navy, as it mostly operates regionally, namely in the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and northwest quarter of the Indian Ocean. The Navy aims to develop blue-water capabilities: in July 2016, it announced plans to establish a presence in the Atlantic Ocean, and as of May 2021 had sent ships into the region. NEDAJA shares many functions and responsibilities with the IRGC Navy, with distinctions in military strategy and equipment: In contrast to the IRGC Navy, which is equipped with small f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khorramshahr
Khorramshahr (; ) is a city in the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is also known in Arabic by the local ethnically Arab population as Al-Muhammarah (). Khorramshahr is an inland port city located approximately north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Shatt Al Arab waterway near its confluence with the Haffar arm of the Karun river. The city was destroyed in the Iran–Iraq War, with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level. History The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of the Persian Gulf. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of the Karun River. The small town known as ''Piyan'', and later ''Bayan'' appeared in the area no sooner than the late Parthian time in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Abadan
The siege of Abadan was the encirclement of the city by Iraqi forces beginning in November 1980. The city had already been under almost daily bombardment since the early days of the war, which began the previous September. Abadan Island was the site of the Abadan Refinery, one of the world's largest oil refineries. The plan In September 1980, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launched a surprise attack against Iran and invaded Iranian territory on a broad front. Iraq's initial plan to attack Abadan Island called for a reinforced armored division to cross the Shatt al-Arab near Kharkiya on the road heading from Baghdad to Basra and then head south to capture the cities of Khorramshahr and Abadan, and subsequently engage any remaining local Iranian units. This reinforced division to be used included 500-600 tanks, as well as some special forces units, for a total troop strength of 20,000 men. Iraqi commandos, driven by initial success in the attack on Khorramshahr, had crossed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Sultan 10
Operation Sultan 10 () was an operation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) on 29 October 1980, at the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War. Six F-4E Phantom IIs from the IRIAF's 32nd and 33rd Squadrons took part in an attack on the Al-Hurriah Airbase near Mosul in Ba'athist Iraq. Motivation In late October of 1980, commanders of the 1st Tactical Air Base (TAB 1) of Iran in Tehran received intelligence that French engineers had been sent to Iraq, and that a number of Mirage F1s that the Iraqi Air Force had bought from France were stationed at Al-Hurriah Airbase. The personnel of the French Air Force were appointed to train Iraqi pilots and technicians to use these new aircraft. Operation Setup The operation was named Sultan-10, as 10 aircraft were intended to cross the border, designated Sultans 1 through 10. The target was 180 miles deep in Iraqi territory, near Mosul. Eight F-4 Phantom fighters, call-signs Sultan 1 through 6, including two as reserve, three F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
