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1977 In Angola
Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). * January 17 – 49 marines from the and are killed as a result of a collision in Barcelona harbour, Spain. * January 18 ** Scientists identify a previously unknown Bacteria, bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires' disease. ** Australia's worst Granville rail disaster, railway disaster at Granville, a suburb of Sydney, leaves 83 people dead. ** SFR Yugoslavia Prime minister Džemal Bijedić, his wife and 6 others are killed in a plane crash in Bosnia and Herzegovina. * January 19 – An Ejército del Aire CASA C-207 Azor, CASA C-207C Azor (registration T.7-15) plane crashes into the side of a mountain near Chiva, Valencia, Chiva, on approach to Valencia Airport in Spain, killing all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 8
Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthelred I and Alfred the Great lead a Wessex, West Saxon army to Battle of Ashdown, repel an invasion by Danelaw Vikings. *1297 – François Grimaldi, disguised as a monk, leads his men to capture the fortress protecting the Rock of Monaco, establishing House of Grimaldi, his family as the rulers of Monaco. *1454 – The papal bull ''Romanus Pontifex'' awards the Kingdom of Portugal exclusive trade and colonization rights to all of Africa south of Cape Bojador. *1499 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII of France, Charles VIII. *1547 – The first Lithuanian-language book, the ''Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ejército Del Aire
The Spanish Air and Space Force () is the Aerial warfare, aerial and space warfare branch of the Spanish Armed Forces. History Early stages Hot air balloons have been used with military purposes in Spain as far back as 1896. In 1905, with the help of Alfredo Kindelán, Leonardo Torres Quevedo directed the construction of the first Spanish dirigible in the Army Military Aerostatics Service, created in 1896 and located in Guadalajara, Spain, Guadalajara. The new airship was completed successfully in 1908 and, named 'Torres Quevedo', made numerous test and exhibition flights.Francisco A. González Redondo''Leonardo Torres Quevedo, 1902–1908. The Foundations for 100 years of Airship designs''In book: Proceedings of the 7th International Airship Convention, pp.1–12, Publisher: German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (DGLR), October 2008. The Spanish Army's air arm, however, took off formally in 1909 when Colonel Pedro Vives Vich and Captain Alfredo Kindelán made an of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress For Democracy
The Congress for Democracy (CFD) was an Indian political party founded in 1977 by Jagjivan Ram. It was formed after Jagjivan Ram, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna, and Nandini Satpathy left the Indian National Congress of Indira Gandhi and denounced her rule during the Indian Emergency. The party contested the 1977 Indian general election with the Janata alliance and later merged with it. Formation Jagjivan Ram was a senior politician within the Indian National Congress and had been a loyalist of Indira Gandhi. He had held various cabinet posts, and had served Minister of Defence (India), India's defence minister during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He was also the most prominent Scheduled Caste or Dalit politician in the nation. Ram had stayed loyal to Indira after she imposed a state of emergency in 1975. However, the state of emergency had proven widely unpopular and upon calling elections in 1977, it became apparent that Indira's Indian National Congress could suffer defeat. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jagjivan Ram
Jagjivan Ram (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), popularly known as Babuji, was an Indian independence activist and politician who served as a minister with various portfolios for over 30 years, making him the List of longest-serving members of the Union Council of Ministers, longest-serving Union Cabinet minister in Indian history. He also served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India, Deputy Prime Minister of India from January 1979 to July 1979. He played a pivotal role as the Minister of Defence (India), Defence Minister of India during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, Indo-Pak War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. As Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Union Agriculture Minister during two separate tenures, he contributed significantly to the Green Revolution in India, Green Revolution and the modernization of Indian agriculture, particularly during the 1974 drought when he was entrusted with addressing a severe food crisis. He was instrumental in the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 2
Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of " Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King Louis III of France is defeated by the Norse Great Heathen Army at Lüneburg Heath in Saxony. * 962 – '' Translatio imperii'': Pope John XII crowns Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years. * 1032 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor becomes king of Burgundy. * 1141 – The Battle of Lincoln, at which Stephen, King of England is defeated and captured by the allies of Empress Matilda. * 1207 – Terra Mariana, eventually comprising present-day Latvia and Estonia, is established. * 1428 – An intense earthquake struck the Principality of Catalonia, with the epicenter near Camprodon. Widespread destruction and heavy casualties were reported. * 1438 – Nine leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Transition To Democracy
The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as (; ) or (), is a period of History of Spain, modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I. The democratic transition began two days after the death of Francisco Franco, in November 1975. Initially, "the political elites left over from Francoism" attempted "to reform of the institutions of dictatorship" through existing legal means, but social and political pressure saw the formation of a democratic parliament in the 1977 Spanish general election, 1977 general election, which had the imprimatur to write a new constitution that was then approved by referendum in December 1978. The following years saw the beginning of the development of the rule of law and establishment of Autonomous communities of Spain, regional government, amidst ongoing terrorism, an 1981 Spanish cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Massacre Of Atocha
The 1977 Atocha massacre was an attack by right-wing extremists in the center of Madrid on 24 January 1977, which saw the assassination of five labor activists from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and the Trade union, workers' federation Workers' Commissions, ''Comisiones Obreras'' (CC.OO). The act occurred within the Far-right terrorism in Spain, wider context of far-right reaction to Spanish transition to democracy, Spain's transition to constitutional democracy following the Francisco Franco#Death and funeral, death of dictator Francisco Franco. Intended to provoke a violent left-wing response that would provide legitimacy for a subsequent right-wing counter coup d'état, the massacre had an immediate opposite effect, generating mass popular revulsion of the far-right and accelerating the legalization of the long-banned Communist Party. On the evening of 24 January, three men entered a legal support office for workers run by the PCE on Atocha Street in central Madrid, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 24
Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Council of Basel suspends Pope Eugene IV. * 1458 – Matthias Corvinus is elected King of Hungary. * 1536 – King Henry VIII of England suffers an accident while jousting, leading to a brain injury that historians say may have influenced his later erratic behaviour and possible impotence. 1601–1900 * 1651 – Arauco War: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet in the Parliament of Boroa renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín in 1641 and 1647. * 1679 – King Charles II of England dissolves the Cavalier Parliament. * 1742 – Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. * 1758 – During the Seven Years' War the leading burghers of Königsberg submit to Elizabeth of Russia, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People, is the lower house of Parliament of India which is Bicameralism, bicameral, where the upper house is Rajya Sabha. Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha, constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the president of India on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the New Parliament House, New Delhi. The maximum membership of the House allotted by the Constitution of India is 552. (Initially, in 1950, it was 500.) Currently, the house has 543 seats which are filled by the election of up to 543 elected members. Between 1952 and 2020, Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha, two additional members of the Anglo-Indian community were also nominated by the President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and stateswoman who served as the Prime Minister of India, prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until Assassination of Indira Gandhi, her assassination in 1984. She was India's first and, to date, only female prime minister, and a central figure in Indian politics as the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India, and the mother of Rajiv Gandhi, who succeeded her as prime minister. Gandhi's cumulative tenure of 15 years and 350 days makes her the second-longest-serving Indian prime minister after her father. Henry Kissinger described her as an "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her tough personality. During her father Jawaharlal Nehru's premiership from 1947 to 1964, Gandhi was his hostess and accompanied him on his numerous foreign trips. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 23
Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 – The episcopal seat is moved from Nousiainen to Koroinen (located near the current centre of Turku) by the permission of Pope Gregory IX. The date is starting to be considered as the founding of Turku. * 1264 – In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War. * 1368 – Zhu Yuanzhang proclaims himself the Hongwu Emperor, beginning the Ming dynasty. * 1546 – Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the ''Tiers Livre'', his sequel to '' Gargantua and Pantagruel''. * 1556 – The deadliest e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities, autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and List of largest cities in Spain, largest city is Madrid, and other major List of metropolitan areas in Spain, urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
