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1743
Events January–March * January 1 – The Verendrye brothers, probably Louis-Joseph and François de La Vérendrye, become the first white people to see the Rocky Mountains from the eastern side (the Spanish conquistadors had seen the Rockies from the west side). * January 8 – King Augustus III of Poland, acting in his capacity as Elector of Saxony, signs an agreement with Austria, pledging help in war in return for part of Silesia to be conveyed to Saxony. * January 12 ** The Verendryes, and two members of the Mandan Indian tribe, reach the foot of the mountains, near the site of what is now Helena, Montana. ** An earthquake strikes the Philippines * January 16 – Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury turns his effects over to King Louis XV of France, 13 days before his death on January 29. * January 23 – With mediation by France, Sweden and Russia begin peace negotiations at Åbo (Turku) to end the Russo-Swedish War. By August 17, Swede ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XV Of France
Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defined as his 13th birthday) in 1723, the kingdom was ruled by his grand-uncle Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, as Régence, Regent of France. André-Hercule de Fleury, Cardinal Fleury was chief minister from 1726 until his death in 1743, at which time the king took sole control of the kingdom. His reign of almost 59 years (from 1715 to 1774) was the second longest in the history of France, exceeded only by his predecessor, Louis XIV, who had ruled for 72 years (from 1643 to 1715). In 1748, Louis returned the Austrian Netherlands, won at the Battle of Fontenoy of 1745. He ceded New France in North America to Great Britain and Spain at the conclusion of the disastrous Seven Years' War in 1763. He incorporated the territories of the Duchy of Lorr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André-Hercule De Fleury
André-Hercule de Fleury (22 June or 26 June 165329 January 1743) was a Catholic Church in France, French Catholic prelate who served as Roman Catholic Diocese of Fréjus-Toulon, Bishop of Fréjus and as the chief minister of Louis XV. He was created a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal in 1726 by Pope Benedict XIII. Life and government He was born in Lodève, Hérault, the son of a tax farmer of a noble family. He was sent to Paris as a child to be educated by the Jesuits in philosophy and the Classics as much as in theology. He entered the priesthood nevertheless and through the influence of Pierre de Bonzi, Cardinal Bonzi became almoner to Maria Theresa of Spain, Maria Theresa, queen of Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV, and, after her death, to the king himself. In 1698 he was appointed bishop of Fréjus, but seventeen years in a provincial Holy See, see eventually determined him to seek a position at court. In May 1715, a few months before the Sun-King's death, Fleury became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of La Guaira
The Battle of La Guaira or La Guayra, took place on 2 March 1743 in the Caribbean, off the coast of La Guaira, present day Venezuela. La Guaira was a port of the Royal Gipuzkoan Company of Caracas, whose ships had rendered great assistance to the Spanish navy during War of Jenkins' Ear in carrying troops, arms, stores and ammunition from Spain to her colonies, and its destruction would be a severe blow both to the Company and the Spanish Government. A British expeditionary fleet under Sir Charles Knowles was defeated, and the expedition ended in failure. 600 men were killed, among whom was the captain of , and many of the ships were badly damaged or lost. Knowles was therefore unable to proceed to Puerto Cabello until he had refitted. Background The British Admiralty had decided to prosecute the Ear Jenkins war against the Spanish settlements, though on a different scale from that of the great expeditions of 1741 and 1742. Sir Chaloner Ogle, who had replaced Admiral Edward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verendrye Brothers' Journey To The Rocky Mountains
The Vérendrye brothers were trappers, hunters, and explorers, who were possibly the first Europeans to cross the northern Great Plains and see the Rocky Mountains, during an expedition in 1742–1743. What little is known about their journey comes from a journal found in the French archives in 1851 and an inscribed lead plate commemorating the journey which was found buried near Pierre, South Dakota in 1913. Both the journal and plate are difficult to interpret. The journal states the trip may have been made by the "Chevalier Vérendrye and one of his brothers", who are otherwise unidentified. Most likely the Chevalier was Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye and the brother was François de La Vérendrye, but this remains uncertain. The mountains they saw during the expedition may have been the Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming, but could also have been the Black Hills or the Laramie Mountains. Background The Kingdom of France, French founded Quebec City in 1608 and soon built ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet
Admiral Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet ( – 9 December 1777) was a British naval officer, politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Jamaica from 1752 to 1756. Serving in the Royal Navy during the War of Jenkins' Ear, War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War, he also briefly served in the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774. Knowles rose to the rank of admiral in a long and varied career, crowned with both success, and at times, controversy. He was highly educated, and particularly skilled in building and destroying fortifications. His career was mainly centred on the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea, where he commanded ships and squadrons in actions against both Spanish and French ships and settlements. Despite an active naval career in which he reached the rank of Rear-Admiral of Great Britain, Knowles found time to continue his studies. He translated foreign scientific studies, and developed his own inventi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samson (Handel)
''Samson'' ( HWV 57) is a three-act oratorio from 1743 by George Frideric Handel, considered to be one of his finest dramatic works. It is usually performed as an oratorio in concert form, but on occasions has also been staged as an opera. The well-known arias "Let the bright Seraphim" (for soprano), "Total eclipse" (for tenor) and "Let their celestial concerts" (the final chorus) are often performed separately in concert. Composition Handel began the composition of ''Samson'' immediately after completing ''Messiah'' on 14 September 1741. It used a libretto by Newburgh Hamilton, based on Milton's '' Samson Agonistes'', which in turn was based on the figure Samson in Chapter 16 of the Book of Judges. Handel completed the first act on 20 September 1741, the second act on 11 October that year, and the whole work on 29 October. Shortly after that he travelled to Dublin to premiere ''Messiah'', returning to London at the end of August 1742 and thoroughly revising ''Samson''. The pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV (; ; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758. Pope Benedict X (1058–1059) is now considered an antipope. At the time, however, this status was not recognized by church historians, and so the tenth legitimate pontiff by this name is the one who took the official name Benedict XI (1303–1304). This has advanced the numbering of all subsequent Popes Benedict by one. Popes Benedict XI–XVI are therefore the tenth through fifteenth popes by that name. Perhaps one of the best scholars to sit on the papal throne, yet often overlooked, he promoted scientific learning, the Baroque arts, reinvigoration of Thomism, and the study of the human form. Firmly committed to carrying out the decrees of the Council of Trent and authentic Catholic teaching, Benedict removed changes previously made to the Breviary, sought peacefully to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Joseph Gaultier De La Vérendrye
Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye (9 November 1717 – 15 November 1761) was a French Canadian fur trader and explorer. He, his three brothers, and his father Pierre La Vérendrye pushed trade and exploration west from the Great Lakes. He, his brother, and two colleagues are thought to be the first Europeans to have crossed the northern Great Plains and seen the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming. Louis-Joseph Verendrye was born in Quebec. He joined the family business in 1735, leaving Montreal with his father and travelling west to Fort St. Charles on Lake of the Woods. He assisted in re-establishing Fort Maurepas in 1736 and building Fort La Reine in 1738. From Fort La Reine, he and his father travelled to visit the Mandan Native Americans along the Missouri River in North Dakota later that same year. In 1739 and 1740, he went north from Fort La Reine and explored Lake Winnipeg, Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis and the Saskatchewan River as far as the area of the present day The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Swedish War (1741–43)
This is a list of wars between Russia, Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ... and their predecessor states. Wars between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic Wars between Sweden and Tsarist Russia See also * * Swedish–Novgorodian Wars – A series of conflicts between the 12th and 14th centuries. * * * * * * * Swedish intervention in Persia * Invasion of Åland References Works cited * * * * * * * * {{Russian conflicts Russia–Sweden military relations *Russia *Sweden *Sweden Wars, Sweden Wars, Sweden Wars, Russia Wars, Russia Lists of wars by country involved Lists of military conflicts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 23
Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 – The episcopal seat is moved from Nousiainen to Koroinen (located near the current centre of Turku) by the permission of Pope Gregory IX. The date is starting to be considered as the founding of Turku. * 1264 – In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War. * 1368 – Zhu Yuanzhang proclaims himself the Hongwu Emperor, beginning the Ming dynasty. * 1546 – Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the ''Tiers Livre'', his sequel to '' Gargantua and Pantagruel''. * 1556 – The deadliest e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François De La Vérendrye
François de La Vérendrye (1715 – 31 July 1794) was a Canadian explorer. He was the third son of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye. He was born at Sorel, New France in 1715 and was active in his father's trade activities from Fort Kaministiquia to the North Saskatchewan River. In 1738, he was part of his father's expedition to Mandan country in what is now North Dakota. In 1739, he accompanied his brother, Louis-Joseph, and together they discovered the Saskatchewan River. In 1742–1743, he and his brother traveled southwest through Mandan territory, probably reaching Wyoming and viewing the Rocky Mountains. They were the first Europeans to cross the northern Great Plains and reach the mountains. François then returned east and served in the army during the Seven Years' War. He died on 31 July 1794, in Montreal. He was one of two brothers to use the title "Chevalier" the other being Louis-Joseph. This causes some confusion when reading English translations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events Pre-1600 *153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in office on January 1. *45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Republic, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year. *42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously Apotheosis, deifies Julius Caesar. * 193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor. *AD 404, 404 – Saint Telemachus tries to stop a gladiatorial fight in a Roman amphitheatre, and is Stoning, stoned to death by the crowd. This act impresses the Christian Emperor Honorius (emperor), Honorius, who issues a historic ban on gladiatorial fights. * 417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
