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1705 In Science
The year 1705 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Edmond Halley, in his ''Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae'', states that comets seen in 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were actually a single comet and correctly predicts that it will return in 1758. Life sciences * Dutch lepidopterist Maria Merian publishes ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium''. * French anatomist Raymond Vieussens publishes ''Novum vasorum corporis humani systema'', considered an early classic work on cardiology. * French surgeon Jean Louis Petit publishes ''L'Art de guerir les maladies des os'', the first significant work on bone disease. Other events * April 16 – Isaac Newton is knighted by Anne, Queen of Great Britain, at Trinity College, Cambridge. Births * February 22 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (died 1735) * April 11 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (died 1780) * June 21 – David Hartley, English physician and psychologist (died 1757) * ''un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any college at Oxford or Cambridge. Trinity has some of the most distinctive architecture in Cambridge with its Trinity Great Court, Great Court said to be the largest enclosed courtyard in Europe. Academically, Trinity performs exceptionally as measured by the Tompkins Table (the annual unofficial league table of Cambridge colleges), coming top from 2011 to 2017, and regaining the position in 2024. Members of Trinity have been awarded 34 Nobel Prizes out of the 121 received by members of the University of Cambridge (more than any other Oxford or Cambridge college). Members of the college have received four Fields Medals, one Turing Award and one Abel Prize. Trinity alumni include Francis Bacon, six British Prime Minister of the United Kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Ray
John Ray Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (November 29, 1627 – January 17, 1705) was a Christian England, English Natural history, naturalist widely regarded as one of the earliest of the English parson-naturalists. Until 1670, he wrote his name as John Wray. From then on, he used 'Ray', after "having ascertained that such had been the practice of his family before him". He published important works on botany, zoology, and natural theology. His classification of plants in his ''Historia Plantarum (Ray book), Historia Plantarum'', was an important step towards modern Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy. Ray rejected the system of dichotomy, dichotomous division by which species were classified by repeated sub-division into groups according to a pre-conceived series of characteristics they have or have not, and instead classified plants according to similarities and differences that emerged from observation. He was among the first to attempt a biological definition for the concept of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1785 In Science
The year 1785 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Dunsink Observatory established near Dublin. Aviation * January 7 – France, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and United States, American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. * January 19 – Richard Crosbie successfully flies in a hot air balloon across Dublin, the first ascent in Ireland. Biology * Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, Antoine François and Étienne Louis Geoffroy publish ''Entomologia Parisiensis, sive, Catalogus insectorum quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur ...''. * John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, publishes ''Botanical Tables, containing the different families of British plants''. Earth sciences * March 7–July – James Hutton's ''Theory of the Earth'' is first presented, at the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Exploration * André Michaux is sent by the French government to N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faustina Pignatelli
Faustina Pignatelli Carafa, princess of Colubrano (9 December 1705-30 December 1769), was an Italian mathematician and scientist from Naples. She became the second woman (after the Bolognese physicist Laura Bassi) to be elected to the Academy of Sciences of Bologna on 20 November 1732. In 1734, Faustina published a paper titled ''Problemata Mathematica'' using the name "anonima napolitana" (a Latin phrase meaning "anonymous female from Naples"), in the German scientific journal '' Nova Acta Eruditorum'', which was published entirely in Latin. Alongside her brother Peter, she was educated by Nicola De Martino and was instrumental in introducing the theories of Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed ... to Naples. She was an important participator in the scie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1788 In Science
The year 1788 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * December 21 – Caroline Herschel discovers the periodic comet 35P/Herschel–Rigollet. Biology * Dr. Edward Jenner publishes his observation that it is the newly hatched common cuckoo which pushes its host's eggs and chicks out of the nest. * James Edward Smith (botanist), James E. Smith founds the Linnean Society of London. * Utamaro publishes ''Ehon Mushi Erami'' ("Picture Book of Crawling Creatures") in Japan with color illustrations. * Thomas Walter (botanist), Thomas Walter publishes ''Flora Caroliniana'', the first Flora (publication), flora of North America to follow Linnaean taxonomy. * Gilbert White publishes ''The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, in the County of Southampton'' (dated 1789), a pioneering observational study of England, English ecology. Earth sciences * James Hutton's ''Theory of the Earth; or an Investigat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Boulsover
Thomas Boulsover (1705 – 9 September 1788), was an English Sheffield cutlery, cutler who invented Sheffield Plate. He made his fortune manufacturing various items, but especially buttons using the process, he later diversified into making cast steel and saws. Early years and apprenticeship Boulsover was born in Longley, Sheffield, Longley, which was then a remote hamlet between the town of Sheffield and the village of Ecclesfield, He was the son of Samuel Boulsover, a farmer and cutler and Margaret Brownell of Hathersage, being baptised at Church of St. Mary, Ecclesfield, Ecclesfield church on 18 October 1705. He began his apprenticeship to learn the trade of cutler in 1718, being apprenticed to Joseph Fletcher, a native of Wirksworth in Derbyshire who had established himself as a cutler in Sheffield. Fletcher was a Presbyterianism, Presbyterian and the young Boulsover would have been brought up with the same religious views as it was expected that an apprentice would join his m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1781 In Science
The year 1781 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * March 13 – William Herschel observes Uranus (although initially recording it as a comet). * March 20 – Pierre Méchain discovers dwarf galaxy NGC 5195. * Charles Messier's final catalogue of Messier objects is published. * Christian Mayer's catalogue of binary stars is published. Biology * Felice Fontana uses a microscope to describe the axon of a brain cell. * John Latham begins publication of ''A General Synopsis of Birds''. Chemistry * Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald is granted a British patent for the manufacture of coal tar. * Carl Wilhelm Scheele ascertains that a new acid can be made from tungstenite, leading to the discovery of tungsten in 1783. * Autumn – Peter Jacob Hjelm isolates molybdenum. Awards * Copley Medal: William Herschel Births * January 30 – Adelbert von Chamisso, poet and botanist (died 1838) * February 17 – Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Labelye
Charles Labelye (1705, Vevey, Switzerland – 1762) was a Swiss bridge engineer and mathematician. Moving to England in the 1720s and receiving patronage from the Duke of Bedford and Earl of Pembroke, he is best known there for his work on the original Westminster Bridge (rebuilt in 1854–62) and his invention on that project of caissons as a method of bridge-building. This was praised on its completion, though during the period of construction he received heavy criticism from ill-informed observers, which worsened his health. Other British projects of his were Brentford Bridge (1740–42), London Bridge (his consultations were sought in 1746 but not acted upon by the corporation of London), designs for a harbour at Sandwich (engraved by Harris about 1740) and reports on the port and harbour facilities at Great Yarmouth (1747) and Sunderland (1748, also with suggested improvements to the River Wear). A private act of parliament in 1746, the , ( 19 Geo. 2. c. ''26'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1757 In Science
The year 1757 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * April 16 – The works of astronomer Galileo Galilei espousing heliocentrism are removed (with the approval of Pope Benedict XIV) from the ''Index Librorum Prohibitorum'' list of books banned by Roman Catholic Church, along with "all books teaching the earth's motion and the sun's immobility". Other works of heliocentrists Galileo, Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Diego de Zúñiga and Paolo Foscarini remain on the list. * Nicolas Louis de Lacaille publishes his ''Astronomiae Fundamenta Novissimus'', containing a standard catalogue of 398 bright stars with positions corrected for aberration and nutation. * Tobias Mayer presents accurate tables of the Moon's motion to the Board of Longitude in Great Britain. Chemistry * Scottish physician Francis Home publishes ''The Principles of Agriculture and Vegetation'', an early presentation of the chemical principles underlying plant nutrition, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Hartley (philosopher)
David Hartley (; baptized 21 June 1705 Old Style; died 28 August 1757) was an English philosopher and founder of the Associationist school of psychology. Early life and family history David Hartley was born in 1705 in the vicinity of Halifax, Yorkshire. His mother died three months after his birth. His father, an Anglican clergyman, died when David was fifteen. Hartley was educated at Bradford Grammar School and in 1722 was admitted as a Sizar to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he was a Rustat scholar. He received his BA in 1726 and MA in 1729. In April 1730 he became the first layperson to be Master of Magnus Grammar School ( Magnus Church of England Academy), Newark, and it was there that he began to practise medicine. On 21 April 1730, Hartley married Alice Rowley (1705–31). The couple moved to Bury St Edmunds, and Alice died there giving birth to their son David Hartley (the Younger) (1731–1813). While in Bury, Hartley met his second wife, Elizabeth Packer (1713 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1780 In Science
The year 1780 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology * Clément Joseph Tissot publishes ''Gymnastique médicinale et chirurgicale, ou, essai sur l'utilité du mouvement, ou des différens exercices du corps, et du repos dans la cure des malades'' in Paris, the first text on the therapeutic benefits of physical exercise. * Lazzaro Spallanzani publishes ''Dissertationi di fisica animale e vegetale'', first interpreting the process of animal digestion as a chemical process in the stomach, by action of gastric juice. He also carries out important researches on animal fertilization. Chemistry * Lactose is identified as a sugar by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Physics * Jean-Paul Marat publishes ''Recherches physiques sur le feu'' (''Research into the Physics of Fire'') and ''Découvertes de M. Marat sur la lumière'' (''Mr Marat's Discoveries on Light''). History of science * Dr John Aikin publishes his ''Biographical Memoirs of Medicine in Great Britain'', t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
