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1637 In Science
The year 1637 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * René Descartes promotes intellectual rigour in '' Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences'' and introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in its appendix ''La Géométrie'' (published in Leiden). * Pierre de Fermat conjectures Fermat's Last Theorem. Publications * May – Chinese encyclopedist Song Yingxing publishes his ''Tiangong Kaiwu'' ("Exploitation of the Works of Nature"). Births * February 12 – Jan Swammerdam, Dutch naturalist, pioneer of comparative anatomy and entomology (died 1680) * François Mauriceau, French obstetrician (died 1709) Deaths * June 24 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (born 1580) * May 19 – Isaac Beeckman, Dutch philosopher and scientist (born 1588) * Henry Gellibrand, English mathematician (born 1597 Events January–March * January 4 – Japan's Chancellor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1680 In Science
The year 1680 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * 14 November Old Style and New Style dates, NS – Great Comet of 1680 observed by Gottfried Kirch, the first comet discovered by telescope. Biology * English Comparative anatomy, comparative anatomist Edward Tyson publishes ''Phocæna, or The anatomy of a porpess, dissected at Gresham Colledge'', concluding that the porpoise is a mammal. * Robert Morison publishes ''Plantarum Historiae Universalis Oxoniensis, Pars Secunda, seu Herbarum Distributio Nova per Tabulas Cognationis et Affinitatis ex Libro Naturae observata et detecta'', utilising his method of Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy. Chemistry * 30 September – Robert Boyle reports to the Royal Society of London his manufacture of phosphorus. He uses it to ignite sulfur-tipped wooden splints, forerunners of the match. Physics * 8 July – Robert Hooke observes the cymatics, nodal patterns associated with the vibrations of glass plates. Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematical model, models, and mathematics#Calculus and analysis, change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus (); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales's theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos () established the Pythagorean school, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture. The English identity began with the History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxons, when they were known as the , meaning "Angle kin" or "English people". Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who invaded Great Britain, Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups: the West Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who settled in England and Wales, Southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons who already lived there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Gellibrand
Henry Gellibrand (1597–1637) was an English mathematician. He is known for his work on the Earth's magnetic field. He discovered that magnetic declination – the angle of dip of a compass needle – is not constant but changes over time. He announced this in 1635, relying on previous observations by others, which had not yet been correctly interpreted. He was the son of the physician Henry Gellibrand (1568–1615) and Mary Faversham. His four younger brothers were John, Edward, Thomas and Samuel. Samuel Gellibrand became a prominent seventeenth-century London bookseller.Henry Plomer (1907) A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667 He also devised a method for measuring longitude, based on eclipses. The mathematical tables of Henry Briggs, consisting of logarithms of trigonometric functions, were published by Gellibrand in 1633 as ''Trigonometria Britannica''. He was Professor at Gresham College, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1588 In Science
The year 1588 in science and technology, Armada year, included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Tycho Brahe publishes ''De mundi aetheri recentioribus phaenomenis'' in Uraniborg. * Giovanni Paolo Gallucci publishes his star atlas ''Theatrum Mundi et Temporis'' (Theater of the world and time). History of science * October 7 – The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus (died 1543) is completed by Bernardino Baldi. Mathematics * Pietro Cataldi discovers the sixth and seventh Mersenne primes by this year. * Giovanni Antonio Magini is chosen over Galileo to occupy the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna after the death of Egnatio Danti. * Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, appoints Galileo to the professorship of mathematics at the University of Pisa. Medicine * Joachim Camerarius the younger publishes ''Hortus medicus''. * Thomas Muffet publishes ''Nosomantica Hippocratea''. Technology * Agostino Ramelli publishes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosopher
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and psychology, formed part of philosophy. However, they are considered separate academic disciplines in the modern sense of the term. Influential traditions in the history of philosophy include Western philosophy, Western, Islamic philosophy, Arabic–Persian, Indian philosophy, Indian, and Chinese philosophy. Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece and covers a wide area of philosophical subfields. A central topic in Arabic–Persian philosophy is the relation between reason and revelation. Indian philosophy combines the Spirituality, spiritual problem of how to reach Enlightenment in Buddhism, enlighten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Beeckman
Isaac Beeckman (10 December 1588van Berkel, p10 – 19 May 1637) was a Dutch philosopher and scientist, who, through his studies and contact with leading natural philosophers, may have "virtually given birth to modern atomism".Harold J. Cook, in ''The Scientific Revolution in National Context'', Roy Porter, Mikuláš Teich, (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1992, pages 127–129 Biography Beeckman was born in Middelburg, Zeeland, to a strongly Calvinistic family, which had fled from the Spanish-controlled Southern Netherlands a few years before. He had a strong early education in his home town and went on to study theology, literature and mathematics in Leiden. Upon his return to Middelburg he could not find a position as a minister, due to clashing ideas of his father and the local church, and decided to follow his father in the candle-making business, setting up his own company in Zierikzee. While trying to improve on the candle-making process, he also involved himself in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1580 In Science
The year 1580 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * The Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din is destroyed by Sultan Selim II. Exploration * September 26 – Francis Drake in the ''Golden Hind'' sails into Plymouth having completed the second circumnavigation of the world, westabout, begun in 1577. Medicine * Severe outbreak of smallpox in Venezuela: it strikes the Caracas and other Indians in the North and greatly weakens Indian resistance to the Spanish colonizing of the region. Geology * April 6 – Dover Straits earthquake. Births * January 12 – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish chemist (died 1644) * December 1 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (died 1637) * Peter Crüger, German polymath (died 1639) * Willebrord Snellius, Dutch mathematician and physicist who devised the basic law of refraction, Snell's law (died 1626) Deaths * May 3 – Thomas Tusser, English chorister and agriculturalist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers typically fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas-Claude Fabri De Peiresc
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1 December 1580 – 24 June 1637), often known simply as Peiresc, or by the Latin form of his name, Peirescius, was a French astronomer, antiquary and savant, who maintained a wide correspondence with scientists, and was a successful organizer of scientific inquiry. His research included a determination of the difference in longitude of various locations in Europe, around the Mediterranean, and in North Africa. Early life Peiresc's father was a higher magistrate and city surgeon in Provence from a wealthy noble family, who with his wife fled their home town of Aix-en-Provence to avoid the plague raging there, settling in Belgentier in Var. Peiresc was born in Belgentier and educated in Aix-en-Provence and Avignon, as well as at the Jesuit college at Tournon. At Toulon, he first became interested in astronomy. Studying law and becoming interested in archaeology, he travelled to Italy, Switzerland and France in 1599, and finally finished his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1709 In Science
The year 1709 in science and technology involved some significant events. Meteorology * January – Great Frost of 1709, Great Frost in Western Europe. Physics * Francis Hauksbee publishes ''Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects'', summarizing the results of his many experiments with electricity and other topics. Technology * January 10 – Industrial Revolution: Abraham Darby I successfully produces cast iron using coke (fuel), coke fuel at his Coalbrookdale blast furnace in Shropshire, England. * February 5 – Dramatist John Dennis (dramatist), John Dennis devises the thundersheet as a new method of producing theatrical thunder for his tragedy ''Appius and Virginia (1709 play), Appius and Virginia'' at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London. * March 28 – Johann Friedrich Böttger reports the first production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe, at Dresden. * July 13 – Johann Maria Farina founds Farina gegenüber, the first Eau de Cologne and perfume factory in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
