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1625 In Science
The year 1625 in science and technology involved some significant events. Chemistry * First description of hydrogen by Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas". * Johann Rudolf Glauber discovers sodium sulfate (''sal mirabilis'' or "Glauber's salt", used as a laxative) in Austrian spring water. Births * June 8 – Giovanni Cassini, Italian astronomer (died 1712) * March 25 – John Collins, English mathematician (died 1683) * August 13 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish scientist (died 1698) * December 16 – Erhard Weigel, German mathematician and scientific populariser (died 1699) * December 20 – David Gregory, Scottish physician and inventor (died 1720) * Samuel Morland, English inventor (died 1695) Deaths * March 7 – Johann Bayer, German uranographer (born 1572) * April 7 – Adriaan van den Spiegel, Flemish-born anatomist and botanist (born 1578) * May 6 – George Bruce of Carnock, Scottish coal mining engineer (born c.1550) * Ferrante Imperato, N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Drawings Of A Bee And Its Parts
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasmus Bartholin
Rasmus Bartholin (; Latinized: ''Erasmus Bartholinus''; 13 August 1625 – 4 November 1698) was a Danish physician and grammarian. Biography Bartholin was born in Roskilde. He was the son of Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629) and Anna Fincke, daughter of the mathematician Thomas Fincke. As part of his studies, he travelled in Europe for ten years. He stayed in the Netherlands, England, France and Italy. In 1647, he took a Master's degree at the University of Copenhagen. In 1654, he received a Doctoral degree at the University of Padua. He was a professor at the University of Copenhagen, first in Geometry, later in Medicine. He was also dean of the faculty of medicine, librarian, and rector. He wrote, in Latin, the first grammar of the Danish language, the 1657 ''De studio lingvæ danicæ''. Rasmus Bartholin is remembered especially for his discovery (1669) of the double refraction of a light ray by Iceland spar (calcite). He published an accurate description of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Star Cartography
Celestial cartography, uranography, astrography or star cartography is the aspect of astronomy and branch of cartography concerned with mapping stars, galaxies, and other astronomical objects on the celestial sphere. Measuring the position and light of charted objects requires a variety of instruments and techniques. These techniques have developed from angle measurements with quadrants and the unaided eye, through sextants combined with lenses for light magnification, up to current methods which include computer-automated space telescopes. Uranographers have historically produced planetary position tables, star tables, and star maps for use by both amateur and professional astronomers. More recently, computerized star maps have been compiled, and automated positioning of telescopes uses databases of stars and of other astronomical objects. Etymology The word "uranography" derived from the Greek "ουρανογραφια" (Koine Greek ''ουρανος'' "sky, heaven" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Bayer
Johann Bayer (; 1572 – 7 March 1625) was a German lawyer and uranographer (celestial cartographer). He was born in Rain in 1572. In 1592, aged 20, he began his study of philosophy and law at the University of Ingolstadt, after which he moved to Augsburg to begin work as a lawyer, becoming legal adviser to the city council in 1612. Bayer had several interests outside his work, including archaeology and mathematics. However, he is primarily known for his work in astronomy; particularly for his work on determining the positions of objects on the celestial sphere. He remained unmarried and died in 1625. Bayer's star atlas '' Uranometria Omnium Asterismorum'' (" Uranometry of all the asterisms") was first published in 1603 in Augsburg and dedicated to two prominent local citizens. This was the first atlas to cover the entire celestial sphere. It was based upon the work of Tycho Brahe and may have borrowed from Alessandro Piccolomini's 1540 star atlas, ''De le stelle fiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1695 In Science
The year 1695 in science and technology involved some significant events. Technology * English clockmaker Samuel Watson produces the "Physicians pulse watch", the first watch with a lever that stops the second hand, i.e. a stopwatch. Events * Gottfried Leibniz publishes his "New System of the Nature and Communication of Substances". * Denis Papin moves from Marburg to Kassel and publishes ''Recueil de diverses pièces touchant quelques machines''. Births * February 2 – William Borlase, Cornish naturalist (died 1772) * February 6 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (died 1726) * May 3 – Henri Pitot, Italian-born French engineer (died 1771) * August 4 – William Oliver, Cornish-born English physician (died 1764) * November 10 – John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (died 1771) Deaths * January 26 - Johann Jakob Wepfer, Swiss pathologist and pharmacologist (born 1620) * July 8 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician and physicist (born 1629) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Morland
Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695), or Moreland, was an English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing, hydraulics and steam power. Early life Samuel Morland was born in 1625 in Berkshire to Thomas Morland, rector of Sulhamstead Bannister. Morland was educated at Winchester College and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he became a Fellow in 1649. Devoting much time to the study of mathematics, Morland also became an accomplished Latinist and was proficient in Greek, Hebrew and French – then the language of culture and diplomacy. While he was a tutor at Cambridge, he first encountered Samuel Pepys who became a lifelong acquaintance. Diplomat A keen follower of public affairs, he left Cambridge and entered public service. He undertook a trip to Sweden in 1653, and in 1655 was sent by Oliver Cromwell on a mission to Italy to protest at actio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1720 In Science
The year 1720 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal of England. Medicine * May – First patient admitted to the Westminster Public Infirmary, predecessor of St George's Hospital, London. * Dr Steevens' Hospital is established at Kilmainham, Dublin. * Great Plague of Marseille, the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe. * English physician Richard Mead publishes ''A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the Method to be used to prevent it''. Physics * Willem 's Gravesande publishes ''Physices elementa mathematica, experimentis confirmata, sive introductio ad philosophiam Newtonianam'', an introduction to Newtonian physics, in Leiden. Technology * A theodolite is developed by Jonathan Sisson of England. * Pinchbeck is invented by English watchmaker Christopher Pinchbeck; it is an alloy of 83% copper and 17% zinc, creating a strong, hard-wearing metal w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as Specialty (medicine), specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practitioner, general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the Discipline (academia), academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, underlying diseases, and their treatment, which is the science of medicine, and a decent Competence (human resources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish People
Scottish people or Scots (; ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the Scotland in the Early Middle Ages, early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or ''Kingdom of Alba, Alba'') in the 9th century. In the following two centuries, Celtic-speaking Hen Ogledd, Cumbrians of Kingdom of Strathclyde, Strathclyde and Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons, Angles of Northumbria became part of Scotland. In the Scotland in the High Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, during the 12th-century Davidian Revolution, small numbers of Normans, Norman nobles migrated to the Lowlands. In the 13th century, the Norse-Gaels of the Kingdom of the Isles, Western Isles became part of Scotland, followed by the Norsemen, Norse of the Northern Isles in the 15th century. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" refers to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gregory (physician)
David Gregory (20 December 1625 – 1720) was a Scottish physician and inventor. His surname is sometimes spelt as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. He inherited Kinnairdy Castle in 1664. Three of his twenty-nine children became mathematics professors. He is credited with inventing a military cannon that Isaac Newton described as "being destructive to the human species". Copies and details of the model no longer exist. Gregory's use of a barometer to predict farming-related weather conditions led him to be accused of witchcraft by Presbyterian ministers from Aberdeen, although he was never convicted. Ancestry and early life Gregory, born on 20 December 1625, was the second-eldest son of John Gregorie (1598–1652), minister at the small parish village of Drumoak in Aberdeenshire, where Gregory was born. The family surname is sometimes spelt Gregorie, as in the original Scottish. His mother was Janet Anderson, whose father David was said to be exceptionally talented in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1699 In Science
The year 1699 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology * English physician Edward Tyson publishes '' Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris: or, the Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man'', a pioneering work of comparative anatomy. Exploration * July 26 – William Dampier's expedition to New Holland (Australia) in HMS ''Roebuck'' reaches Dirk Hartog Island at the mouth of what he calls Shark Bay in Western Australia and begins producing the first known detailed record of Australian flora and fauna. * ''approx. date'' – Sir Isaac Newton develops a reflecting quadrant. Mathematics * Abraham Sharp calculates π to 72 digits using an arctan sequence (although only 71 are correct). Paleontology * Edward Lhuyd produces the first published scientific treatment of what would now be recognized as a dinosaur, describing and naming a sauropod tooth, " Rutellum implicatum" found at Caswell, near Witney, Oxfordshire, England. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German People
Germans (, ) are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, constitution of Germany, implemented in 1949 following the end of World War II, defines a German as a German nationality law, German citizen. During the 19th and much of the 20th century, discussions on German identity were dominated by concepts of a common language, culture, descent, and history.. "German identity developed through a long historical process that led, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, to the definition of the German nation as both a community of descent (Volksgemeinschaft) and shared culture and experience. Today, the German language is the primary though not exclusive criterion of German identity." Today, the German language is widely seen as the primary, though not exclusive, criterion of German identity. Estimates on the total number of Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
