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1165 Deaths
Year 1165 ( MCLXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos makes an alliance with Venice against Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who takes an oath at the Diet of Würzburg to support Antipope Paschal III against Pope Alexander III. * Andronikos I Komnenos, a cousin of Manuel I, escapes from prison at Constantinople. After passing through many dangers, he reaches Kiev and seeks refuge at the court of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl. Europe * October 15 – Battle of Fahs al-Jullab: Almohad forces defeat Ibn Mardanish, ruler of the Taifa of Murcia. His army is routed at a place called the "merchant field" near Alhama, in the valley of the Guadalentín. * ''Reconquista'' – Gerald the Fearless, Portuguese warrior and adventurer, seizes the city of Évora by surprise. The same year (or soon after), he takes Cáceres, Trujillo, Montánchez, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William I, King Of Scots (seal 01)
William the Lion (), sometimes styled William I (; ) and also known by the nickname ; e.g. Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10. ( 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. His almost 49-year-long reign was the longest for a Scottish monarch before the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Early life William was born around 1142, during the reign of his grandfather King David I of Scotland. His parents were Henry of Scotland, a younger son of David I, and Ada de Warenne, a daughter of the powerful Anglo-Norman lord William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester, herself a granddaughter of Henry I of France. William was around 10 years old when his father died in 1152, making his elder brother Malcolm the heir apparent to their grandfather. From his father, William inherited the Earldom of Northumbria. David I died the next year, and William became heir presumptive to the new king, Mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fahs Al-Jullab
The Battle of Faḥṣ al-Jullāb was fought on Thursday 15 October 1165 between the invading Almohads and the king of Murcia, Ibn Mardanīsh. An Almohad army under ''sayyid''s Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar and Abū Saʿīd ʿUthmān, the brothers of the Caliph Abū Yaʿḳūb Yūsuf, went on the offensive against Ibn Mardanīsh in the summer of 1165. They captured Andújar in September, harried Galera, Caravaca, Baza and Sierra de Segura, then captured Cúllar and Vélez on their approach to Murcia. Ibn Mardanīsh called a general levy and sought the assistance of his Christian allies from the Kingdom of Castile to augment his standing army of salaried troops. The Almohad armies were composed of Berbers, Arabs and slaves. The core was composed of Berbers from Tinmal. Others came from Harga and Hintāta tribes. Arab reinforcements, mostly from the Riyāḥ, Athbaj and Zughba clans of the Banū Hilāl, had been brought over from Marrakesh in July. Ibn Mardanīsh went out to def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monsaraz
Monsaraz is a civil parish (''freguesia'') of the municipality of Reguengos de Monsaraz, on the right margin of the Guadiana River in the Portuguese Alentejo region, near its border with Spain. The population in 2011 was 782, in an area of 88.29 km2. History Due to its geographic position, the hilltop of Monsaraz always occupied an important place in the history of the municipality, having been occupied by different peoples since the pre-historical record. It is one of the oldest settlements in southern Portugal, occupied since pre-history, with examples of permanent habitation including hundreds of megalithic monuments. These include the Neolithic remains of: Xerez Cromlech, Megalithic Monuments of Herdade de Xerez, Antas do Olival da Pêga, Olival da Pega Dolmens, Menhir of Bulhoa, Rocha dos Namorados Menhir and Menhir of Outeiro, Outeiro Menhir. The hill, on which the main settlement is located, was a pre-historic fortification, or Castro culture, castro, that was the ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moura, Portugal
Moura (), officially the Notable Town of Moura City (), is a city and a municipality in the District of Beja in Portugal, subdivided into 5 ''freguesias''. The population in 2021 was 13,258, in an area of . The city itself had a population of 8,459 in 2001. It has now around 11,000 inhabitants. The current mayor is José Pós de Mina, elected by the Unitary Democratic Coalition. The municipal holiday is 24 June. It is home to Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, one of Europe's largest solar-power facilities and the Castle of Moura. There are two wine regions within the borders of Moura municipality: Moura centered around the town of Moura and Granja-Amareleja within the parishes of Amareleja, Póvoa de São Miguel and part of Santo Amador and São João Baptista. Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 5 civil parishes ('' freguesias''): * Amareleja * Moura (Santo Agostinho e São João Baptista) e Santo Amador * Póvoa de São Miguel * Safara e Santo Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montánchez
Montánchez is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. It is situated at , some 702 metres above sea level. The municipality has an approximate population of just over 2,000. The town sits in the Sierra de Montánchez, a small mountain range rising above the plains of Extremadura. Its elevated position has earned it the nickname "the balcony of Extremadura". The town's economy relies principally on agriculture. It is one of the main centres in Spain for the production of ''jamón ibérico'', and also produces wine. History Although there is evidence of prehistoric settlement, the first major residents were the Romans, who founded the town in the 1st century AD. Moorish invaders captured the town in 713, taking advantage of its strategic location in the mountains to build a castle, which still dominates the village today. The town reverted to Christianity in 1230, when it was taken by Alfonso IX. The castle was updated at this time, but continued to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trujillo, Cáceres
Trujillo () is a municipality located in Extremadura, an autonomous community of Spain in the Province of Cáceres. In 2013 the municipality had 9,086 inhabitants (INE Census, 2013). Originally settled on a granite knoll, which was readily fortified, the town now extends to the southeast of its original site. Trujillo is both a centre for tourism, with more than 25 hotels, and a regional market town. The old town contains many medieval and renaissance buildings. It hosts the national cheese festival in early May. History Trujillo was settled on a granite batholith during Prehistoric times. In Roman times the town was known as ''Turgalium'' and became a prefecture stipendiary of the Lusitanian capital, Emerita Augusta (today's Mérida, Spain, Mérida). Later it was colonised by East Germanic tribes (mainly Visigoths), although most of the population would still have been Hispano-Roman. Following the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, Islamic conquest after 711, Trujillo became one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cáceres, Spain
Cáceres ( , ) is a city and Spanish municipality located in the center of the autonomous community of Extremadura. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Cáceres and houses the headquarters of the Superior Court of Justice of Extremadura. The municipality has a land area of , the largest in Spain. According to official INE data for 2021, the municipality had a population of 95,418 inhabitants, of which 94,326 lived in the city itself. Numerous inhabited places are scattered throughout the municipality, including castles and farmhouses with several centuries of history. The medieval walled city was declared a World Heritage City by UNESCO in 1986. Since 2008 the city has been organized into four districts: Center-Old Town, North, West and South; a fifth district, Pedanías, covers the non-urban part of the term. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Évora
Évora ( , ), officially the Very Noble and Ever Loyal City of Évora (), is a city and a municipalities of Portugal, municipality in Portugal. It has 53,591 inhabitants (2021), in an area of . It is the historic capital of the Alentejo region and serves as the seat of the Évora District. Due to its well-preserved old town centre, still partially enclosed by medieval walls, and many monuments dating from various historical periods, including a Roman Temple of Évora, Roman Temple, Évora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Due to its inland position, Évora is one of Portugal's hottest cities in the summer, frequently subject to heatwaves. Évora is ranked number two in the Portuguese most livable cities survey of quality of life, living conditions published yearly by ''Expresso (newspaper), Expresso''. It was ranked first in a study concerning competitiveness of the Districts of Portugal, 18 Portuguese district capitals, according to a 2006 study made by University of Minho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerald The Fearless
Geraldo Geraldes or Gerald the Fearless (died c. 1173), known in Portuguese as Geraldo ''Sem Pavor'' ("without fear"), was a Portuguese warrior and folk hero of the ''Reconquista'' whose theatre of operations was in the barren Alentejo and Extremadura regions of the lower Guadiana river. The city of Évora was the most lasting of his conquests and was never retaken. His success and independence have suggested parallels with the Castilian hero El Cid and Gerald has been called "the Cid of Portugal". ''Reconquista'' in Alentejo and Extremadura Around 1162 Gerald assembled a private army (a ''mesnada'') and rapidly developed tactics that proved remarkably successful in seizing Muslim strongholds, though it was not adapted for siege warfare. He "perfected techniques of nocturnal surprise in wintry or stormy weather, stealthy escalading of walls by picked commando-like troops, cutting down of sentries and opening of town gates to the larger force stationed without."Bishko, 414–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconquista
The ''Reconquista'' (Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese for ) or the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian Reconquista#Northern Christian realms, kingdoms waged against the al-Andalus, Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in the reign of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. The beginning of the ''Reconquista'' is traditionally dated to the Battle of Covadonga ( or 722), in which an Kingdom of Asturias, Asturian army achieved the first Christian victory over the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate since the beginning of the military invasion. The ''Reconquista'' ended in 1492 with the Granada War#Last stand at Granada, fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Catholic Monarchs. In the late 10th century, the Umayyad vizier Almanzor waged a series of military campaigns for 30 years in order to subjugate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guadalentín
Guadalentín is a river in Spain. It is a tributary of the Segura. The Guadalentín River flows in the southeastern region of Spain. The Guadalentín River Basin is one of the largest in Spain. The Guadalentín Basin is a flat valley, and comprises the Alto Guadalentín aquifer. The valley is contiguous in the northeast and on the south-east with fault systems. See also * List of rivers of Spain This is an incomplete list of rivers that are at least partially in Spain. The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow into. Rivers in the mainland Iberian Peninsu ... References Rivers of Spain Rivers of the Region of Murcia {{Spain-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alhama De Murcia
Alhama de Murcia is a Spanish municipality in the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia. It is located in the north of the southern half of the region. The municipality shares borders with Librilla in its north, Murcia in its northeast, Fuente Álamo de Murcia in its east, Mazarrón in its south, Totana in its west and Mula in its northwest. Geography Physical geography The west of Sierra de Carrascoy mountain range occupies part of the east of Alhama de Murcia. Guadalentín River traverses the municipality from its south-west to its north-east. The territory is especially raised in the north-west, where some raised landforms occur and the south-eastern foot of Sierra Espuña mountain range occurs, and even the north-west end of Alhama de Murcia occupies the mountain range itself. Human geography The inhabitants of the municipality are distributed in the following localities: Alhama de Murcia, which is located in the south-east of the north-west and is inhabited by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
