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1077 Deaths
Year 1077 ( MLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Fall – Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, governor ('' doux'') of the Theme of Dyrrhachium in the western Balkans, and Nikephoros Botaneiates, a general (''strategos'') of the Theme of Anatolics (modern Turkey), are proclaimed emperors by their troops. Emperor Michael VII Doukas offers Bryennios the title of ''caesar'' (co-emperor) if he submits to his rule, but Bryennios refuses. He sets out from Dyrrhachium, and marches towards Constantinople. Europe * January 25 – Walk to Canossa: Emperor Henry IV travels to the Castle of Canossa near Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy), to visit Pope Gregory VII. He waits (with his wife Bertha of Savoy and son Conrad) at the gates for three days, for absolution of his excommunication. Gregory lifts the sentence, imposing on Henry a vow to comply with certain conditions (see Investiture Controversy). * K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jura De Santa Gadea
Jura may refer to: Places *Jura, Scotland, island of the Inner Hebrides off Great Britain *Jūra, river in Lithuania Mountain ranges *Jura Mountains, on the French–Swiss–German border *Franconian Jura, south-central Germany *Swabian Jura, south-western Germany *Table Jura, north-eastern part of Jura Mountains *Montes Jura, on the Moon near Mare Imbrium Regions *Jura (department), France *Canton of Jura, Switzerland *Bernese Jura, part of the Swiss canton of Bern *Polish Jura, an upland of southern Poland Villages * Jura, Ontario, Canada *Jura, Transnistria, Moldova *Al-Jura, Mandatory Palestine * Al-Jura, Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine Companies and organisations *Jura Books, anarchist bookshop in Sydney, Australia *Jura distillery, Scotch whisky distillery on the island of Jura *Jura Elektroapparate, Swiss developer and distributor of home appliances *Jura Federation, the anarchist, Bakuninist faction of the 19th century First International People * Jura (given name), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canossa Castle
The Castle of Canossa is a castle in Canossa, province of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, especially known for being the location of the Road to Canossa, the meeting of Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy (1077). History The castle was built around 940 AD by Adalbert Atto, the Count of Beggia and Mantura, and the son of Sigifredo of Lucca, a Lombard nobleman, on the summit of a rocky hill. In addition to Adalberto's residence, it also housed a convent with 12 Benedictine monks and the church of Sant'Apollonio. It was protected by a triple line of walls; located between the outer two layers of defense were the barracks and the residences of the servants. During the Middle Ages, it was one of the most formidable castles in Italy. In 950 Adelaide of Italy, the widow of King Lothair II, took refuge there; Berengar II of Ivrea unsuccessfully besieged the castle for three years. During the Investiture Controversy in 1077, the castle formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Bureba
La Bureba is a ''Comarcas of Castile and León, comarca'' located in the northeast of the Province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is bounded on the north by Las Merindades, east by the Comarca del Ebro, south-east by the Montes de Oca (comarca), Montes de Oca and south-west by the Alfoz de Burgos. Administrative entities The comarca capital is Briviesca. Municipalities (44) Source:In parentheses is the number of minor local entities from each municipality Geography La Bureba is criss-crossed by several small rivers and Arroyo (creek), arroyos that empty into the Ebro river: the Homino (creek), Homino, Oroncillo (creek), Oroncillo, Oca (river), Oca, and Tirón (river), Tirón. The mountain ranges of the northwesternmost end of the Sistema Ibérico are located in La Bureba. History See also * Provincia de Burgos, Province of Burgos Notes External links website of the Province of Burgos delegation Comarcas of the Province of B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gipuzkoa
Gipuzkoa ( , ; ; ) is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Its capital city is Donostia-San Sebastián. Gipuzkoa shares borders with the French department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques at the northeast, with the province and autonomous community of Navarre at east, Biscay at west, Álava at southwest and the Bay of Biscay to its north. It is located at the easternmost extreme of the Cantabric Sea, in the Bay of Biscay. It has of coastline. With a total area of , Gipuzkoa is the smallest province of Spain. The province has 89 municipalities and a population of 720,592 inhabitants (2018), from which more than half live in the Donostia-San Sebastián metropolitan area. Apart from the capital, other important cities are Irun, Errenteria, Zarautz, Mondragón, Eibar, Hondarribia, Oñati, Tolosa, Beasain and Pasaia. Gipuzkoa is the province of the Basque Country in which the Basque language is the most ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álava
Álava () or Araba (), officially Araba/Álava, is a Provinces of Spain, province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Country, heir of the ancient Basque señoríos#Lords of Álava, Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see. Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja (Spain), La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Treviño enclave, Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava. It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre ( ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France. The medieval state took form around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. The kingdom had its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Carolingian Empire and the Umayyad dynasty, Ummayad Emirate of Córdoba that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (; ), had been the main city of the indigenous Vascones, Vasconic population and was located in a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In an event traditionally dated to 824, Íñigo Arista of Pamplona, Íñigo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Francia, Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sancho Ramírez
Sancho Ramírez ( 1042 – 4 June 1094) was King of Aragon from 1063 until 1094 and King of Pamplona from 1076 under the name of Sancho V (). He was the eldest son of Ramiro I and Ermesinda of Bigorre. His father was the first king of Aragon and an illegitimate son of Sancho III of Pamplona. He inherited the Aragonese crown from his father in 1063.Vicente Salas Merino, ''La Genealogía de los Reyes de España'', (Visionnet, 2007), 220. Sancho Ramírez was chosen king of Pamplona by Navarrese noblemen after Sancho IV was murdered by his siblings. Biography Sancho Ramírez succeeded his father as second King of Aragon in 1063. Between 1067 and 1068, the War of the Three Sanchos involved him in a conflict with his first cousins, both also named Sancho: Sancho IV the king of Navarre and Sancho II the king of Castile, respectively. The Castilian Sancho was trying to retake Bureba and Alta Rioja, which his father had given away to the king of Navarre and failed to retake. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso VI Of León And Castile
Alfonso VI (1 July 1109), nicknamed the Brave (''El Bravo'') or the Valiant, was king of Kingdom of León, León (10651109), Kingdom of Galicia, Galicia (10711109), and Kingdom of Castile, Castile (10721109). After the conquest of Toledo, Spain, Toledo in 1085, Alfonso proclaimed himself (most victorious Kingdom of Toledo (Crown of Castile), king of Toledo, and of Spain and Galicia). This conquest, along with El Cid's taking of Taifa of Valencia, Valencia would greatly expand the territory and influence of the Leonese/Castilian realm, but also provoked an Almoravid invasion that Alfonso would spend the remainder of his reign resisting. The Leonese and Castilian armies suffered decisive defeats in the battles of Battle of Sagrajas, Sagrajas (1086), Battle of Consuegra, Consuegra (1097) and Battle of Uclés (1108), Uclés (1108), in the latter of which his only son and heir, Sancho Alfónsez, died, and Valencia was abandoned but Toledo remained part of an expanded realm that he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investiture Controversy
The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (, , ) was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe, the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture), abbots of monasteries, and the Pope himself. A series of popes in the Christianity in the 11th century, 11th and Christianity in the 12th century, 12th centuries undercut the power of the Holy Roman Emperor and other European monarchies, and the controversy led to nearly 50 years of conflict. It began as a power struggle between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV (then King, later Holy Roman Emperor) in 1076. The conflict ended in 1122, when Pope Callixtus II and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Henry V agreed on the Concordat of Worms. The agreement required bishops to swear an oath of fealty to the secular monarch, who held authority "by the lance" but left selection to the church. It affirmed the right of the church to invest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in Koinonia, communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments. It is practiced by all of the ancient churches (such as the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox churches) as well as by other Christian denominations; however, it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church, a practice known as shunning. Jehovah's Witnesses use the term disfellowship to refer to their form of excommunication. The word ''excommunication'' means putting a specific indiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conrad II Of Italy
Conrad II of Italy, also known as Conrad (III) (12 February 1074 – 27 July 1101), was the Duke of Lower Lorraine (1076–1087), King of Germany (1087–1098) and King of Italy (1093–1098). He was the second son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Bertha of Savoy, and their eldest son to reach adulthood, his older brother Henry having been born and died in the same month of August 1071. Conrad's rule in Lorraine and Germany was nominal. He spent most of his life in Italy and there he was king in fact as well as in name. Childhood Conrad was born on 12 February 1074 at Hersfeld Abbey while his father was fighting against the Saxon rebellion. He was baptised in the abbey three days later. After Henry's victory against the Saxons, he arranged for an assembly at Goslar on Christmas Day 1075 to swear an oath recognising Conrad as his successor. After the death of Duke Godfrey IV of Lower Lorraine on 22 February 1076, Henry refused to appoint the late duke's own choice of suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertha Of Savoy
Bertha of Savoy (21 September 1051 – 27 December 1087), also called Bertha of Turin, was Queen of Germany from 1066 and Holy Roman Empress from 1084 until 1087 as the first wife of Emperor Henry IV. Life Bertha of Savoy was a daughter of Otto, Count of Savoy (also called ''Eudes'' or ''Odo''; c. 1023 – c. 1057/1060), and his wife Adelaide of Susa (c. 1014/1020 – 1091) from the Arduinici noble family, and as such a member of the Burgundian House of Savoy. She was the sister of Peter I, Count of Savoy (d. 1078); Amadeus II, Count of Savoy (d. 1080); and Adelaide (d. 1079), consort of the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden. Marriage Bertha was betrothed, at the age of four, to Emperor Henry III's son, Henry (aged five) on 25 December 1055 in Zürich. Bertha was raised in Germany thereafter. When she was fifteen, Bertha was crowned queen in Würzburg in June 1066 and married Henry on 13 July 1066 at the ''Königspfalz'' of Trebur. Although they had g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
