Byzantine Novel
Byzantine romance represents a revival of the ancient Greek romance of Roman times. Works in this category were written by Byzantine Greeks of the Eastern Roman Empire during the 12th century. Under the Comnenian dynasty, Byzantine writers of twelfth century Constantinople reintroduced the ancient Greek romance literature, imitating its form and time but somewhat Christianizing its content. Hence the Byzantine stories are traditional in their plot structure and setting (featuring complex turns of events taking place in the ancient Mediterranean, complete with the ancient gods and beliefs) but are also medieval, clearly belonging to the era of the Crusade The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and at times directed by the Papacy during the Middle Ages. The most prominent of these were the campaigns to the Holy Land aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem and its surrounding t ...s as they reflect customs and beliefs of that time. A break of eight centurie ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Houghton Typ 715
Houghton may refer to: Places Australia * Houghton, South Australia, a town near Adelaide * Houghton Highway, the longest bridge in Australia, between Redcliffe and Brisbane in Queensland * Houghton Island (Queensland) Canada * Houghton Township, Ontario, a former township in Norfolk County, Ontario New Zealand * Houghton Bay South Africa * Houghton Estate, a suburb of Johannesburg United Kingdom * Hanging Houghton, Northamptonshire * Houghton, Cambridgeshire * Houghton, Cumbria * Houghton, East Riding of Yorkshire * Houghton, Hampshire * Houghton, Norfolk * Houghton Saint Giles, Norfolk * Houghton, Northumberland, a location in the United Kingdom * Houghton, Pembrokeshire * Houghton, West Sussex *Houghton-le-Side, Darlington *Houghton-le-Spring, Sunderland * Houghton Park, Houghton-le-Spring * Houghton Bank, Darlington * Houghton Conquest, Bedfordshire * Houghton on the Hill, Leicestershire * Houghton on the Hill, Norfolk * Houghton Regis, Bedfordshire * New Houghton, Der ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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12th Century In The Byzantine Empire
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Panagiotis Roilos
Panagiotis or Panayiotis (, ) is a common male Greek name. It derives from the Greek epithet Panagia or ''Panayia'' ("All-Holy") for Mary. The feminine form of the name is Panagiota or Panayiota (Παναγιὡτα). It has three name days within a year (e.g. 2 February, 26 December), one of them is celebrated together with Maria, Mario, Mary, Despoina (or Despina) and all of their diminutives on the Dormition of the Theotokos, on 15 August. There are many diminutives of Panagiotis such as Panos (Πάνος), Notis (Νότης), Panagis/Panayis (Παναγής), Takis (Τάκης, from the diminutive Panagiotakis or Panayiotakis), Panikos (Πανίκος, in Cyprus) and Pit (Πιτ) while Panagiota, or Panayiota, is commonly reduced to Giota or Yiota (Γιώτα), and Nota (Νότα). Notable people * Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos, Greek revolutionary and member of the Filiki Eteria * Panagiotis Beglitis, Greek politician * Panagiotis Chinofotis, Greek admiral and politician * ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Byzantine Literature
Byzantine literature is the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the Byzantine Empire or outside its borders. It was marked by a linguistic diglossy; two distinct forms of Byzantine Greek were used, a scholarly dialect based on Attic Greek, and a vernacular based on Koine Greek. Most scholars consider 'literature' to include all medieval Greek texts, but some define it with specific constraints. Byzantine literature is the successor to Ancient Greek literature and forms the basis of Modern Greek literature, although it overlaps with both periods. The tradition saw the competing influences of Hellenism, Christianity, and earlier in the empire's history, Paganism. There was a general flourishing of gnomai, hagiography, sermons, and particularly historiography, which became less individual-focused. Poetry was often limited to musical hymnal forms, or the more niche epigram tradition, while ancient Theatre of ancient Greece, dramas and Epic poetry, epics beca ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Belthandros And Chrysantza
''Belthandros and Chrysantza'' () is a Byzantine romance written by an anonymous author in vernacular Greek. The work describes the love story between a young couple: Belthandros and Chrysantza. The original version of the work was probably composed in 13th or 14th century, while it bears traces of later remodeling that may belong to the 15th century. The world in which the action takes place coincides loosely with the real political geography of 13th-century Anatolia.Beaton p. 112 Date and text Belthandros and Chrysantza was probably composed in 13thVasiliev p. 557 or early 14th century (1310–1350) by an anonymous author. The text bears some traces of remodeling and linguistic simplifications, and its final form belongs to the 15th century. The romance consist of 1,348 lines in unrhymed political verse, and is written in vernacular language, which is also described as an early form of Modern Greek. The original version of the work is lost, and the text survives in a single manus ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Constantine Manasses
Constantine Manasses (; ) was a Byzantine chronicler who flourished in the 12th century during the reign of Manuel I Komnenos (1143–1180). He was the author of a ''Synopsis Chronike'' (Σύνοψις Χρονική, "summary chronicle"), which narrates history from the creation of the world to the end of the reign of Nikephoros III Botaneiates (1081), sponsored by Irene Komnene, the emperor's sister-in-law. It was probably written around 1150, shortly before Irene's death. It consists of about 7000 lines in political verse. It obtained great popularity and appeared in a free prose translation; it was also translated into Bulgarian in the 14th century. This translation, which includes several miniatures, was commissioned by tsar Ivan Alexander between 1340 and 1345. An Arabic translation written in 1313 is now hosted at the British Library. [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Political Verse
Political verse (Greek: ''politikós stíkhos'', πολιτικός στίχος), also known as decapentasyllabic verse (from Greek: ''dekapentasíllavos'', , lit. '15-syllable'), is a common metric form in Medieval and Modern Greek poetry. It is an iambic verse of fifteen syllables and has been the main meter of traditional popular and folk poetry since the Byzantine period. The name is unrelated to the modern English concept of politics and does not imply political content; rather, it derives from the original meaning of the Greek word πολιτικός, civil or civic, meaning that it was originally a form used for secular poetry, the non-religious entertainment of the people of the polis, the city-state. It is also called "" (' "like-a-chariot-on-a-paved-road") verse, because the words run freely like a chariot on a good driving surface. History The political verse flourished from the 9th or 10th century, until the 19th and 20th centuries. It remains in use today, thoug ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Niketas Eugenianos
Niketas Eugenianos (Νικήτας Εὐγενειανός; ''fl.'' 12th century) was a Byzantine rhetor and writer. His life is almost entirely unknown to us. The main sources are his own works. He was a pupil of Theodore Prodromos and a preceptor of Stephen Komnenos, the son of Constantine Komnenos. Niketas wrote several works both in prose and in verse, including three monodies for the death of his teacher Theodore Prodromos (one in prose, two in verse), two epithalamia, a collection of epigrams — including one on the heroine of the ''Aethiopica'' by Heliodorus, whose attribution is however debated between Niketas and Theodore Prodromos — and a monody for Stephen Komnenos. His best known work is a Greek novel in dodecasyllables (three sections are in hexameters: III 263–288 and 197–320, songs, and VI 205–235, a lament), titled ''Drosillas and Charikles'', which was written "in imitation of the most blessed philosopher Prodromos". Prodromos composed a novel in nine bo ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Theodore Prodromos
Theodore Prodromos or Prodromus (; ), probably also the same person as the so-called Ptochoprodromos (Πτωχοπρόδρομος "Poor Prodromos"), was a Byzantine Greek writer, well known for his prose and poetry. Biography Very little is known about his life. Further developing a genre begun by Nicholas Kallikles, he wrote many occasional poems for a widespread circle of patrons at the Byzantine court. Some of the literary pieces attributed to him are unpublished, while still others may be wrongly attributed to him. Even so, there does emerge from these writings the figure of an author in reduced circumstances, with a marked inclination towards begging, who was in close touch with the court circles during the reigns of John II Komnenos (1118–1143) and Manuel I Komnenos (1143–1180). He was given a prebend by Manuel I, and he ended his life as a monk. Despite the panegyric and conventional treatment, his writings, often produced on some public occasion, provide important in ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Ancient Greek Romance
Five ancient Greek novels or ancient Greek romances survive complete from antiquity: Chariton's '' Callirhoe'' (mid 1st century), Achilles Tatius' ''Leucippe and Clitophon'' (early 2nd century), Longus' ''Daphnis and Chloe'' (2nd century), Xenophon of Ephesus' ''Ephesian Tale'' (late 2nd century), and Heliodorus of Emesa's ''Aethiopica'' (3rd century). There are also numerous fragments preserved on papyrus or in quotations, and summaries in '' Bibliotheca'' by Photius, a 9th-century Ecumenical Patriarch. The titles of over twenty such ancient Greek romance novels are known, but most of them have only survived in an incomplete, fragmentary form. The unattributed '' Metiochus and Parthenope'' may be preserved by what appears to be a faithful Persian translation by the poet Unsuri. The Greek novel as a genre began in the first century CE, and flourished in the first four centuries; it is thus a product of the Roman Empire. The exact relationship between the Greek novel and the Latin ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Eustathios Makrembolites
Eustathios Makrembolites (; ''fl. c.'' 1150–1200), Latinized as Eustathius Macrembolites, was a Byzantine revivalist of the ancient Greek romance, flourished in the second half of the 12th century CE. He is sometimes conflated/equated with his contemporary, the Eparch of the City Eumathios Makrembolites (). His title '' Protonobilissimus'' shows him to have been a person of distinction and, if he is also correctly described in the manuscripts as chief keeper of the ecclesiastical archives, he must have been a Christian. He was the author of a Byzantine novel, ''The Story of Hysmine and Hysminias'', in eleven books. Although he borrowed from Homer and other Attic poets, the chief source of his phraseology was the rhetorician Choricius of Gaza. The style is remarkable for the absence of hiatus and a laboured use of antithesis. The digressions on works of art, apparently the result of personal observation, are considered by some scholars the best part of the work. The novel en ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |