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Buxbaumia Viridis
''Buxbaumia viridis'', also known as the green shield-moss, is a rare bryophyte found sporadically throughout the northern hemisphere. The gametophyte of this moss is not macroscopically visible; the large, distinct sporophyte of ''B. viridis'' is the only identifying structure of this moss. This moss can be found singularly or in small groups on decaying wood, mostly in humid, sub-alpine to alpine ''Picea abies'', ''Abies alba'', or mixed tree forests. This moss is rare and conservation efforts are being made in most countries ''B. viridis'' is found in. Characteristics Gametophyte The gametophyte of ''Buxbaumia viridis'' is microscopic, existing mostly as non-competitive, slow-growing protonema. It is not desiccation-tolerant. ''B. viridis'' is dioicus, with its Antheridium, antheridia and Archegonium, archegonia forming on small, singular leaves borne on the ends of the protonema. The leaves that contain the archegonia are not present long as they quickly develop into sporo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryophyte
Bryophytes () are a group of embryophyte, land plants (embryophytes), sometimes treated as a taxonomic Division (taxonomy), division referred to as Bryophyta ''Sensu#Common qualifiers, sensu lato'', that contains three groups of non-vascular plant, non-vascular land plants: the Marchantiophyta, liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. In the Sensu#Common qualifiers, strict sense, the division Bryophyta consists of the mosses only. Bryophytes are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although some species can survive in drier environments. The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species. Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive structures (gametangia and sporangia), but they do not produce flowers or seeds. They reproduce sexually by spores and asexually by fragmentation or the production of Gemma (botany), gemmae. Though bryophytes were considered a paraphyletic group in recent years, almost all of the most recent phylogenetics, phylogenetic evidence support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operculum (botany)
In botany, an operculum (: opercula) or calyptra () is a cap-like structure in some flowering plants, mosses, and fungus, fungi. It is a covering, hood or lid, describing a feature in plant morphology. Flowering plants In flowering plants, the operculum, also known as a calyptra, is the cap-like covering or "lid" of the flower or fruit that detaches at maturity. The operculum is formed by the fusion of sepals and/or petals and is usually shed as a single structure as the flower or fruit matures. The name is also used for the capping tissue of roots, the root cap. In eucalypts, (including ''Eucalyptus'' and ''Corymbia'' but not ''Angophora'') there may be two opercula – an outer operculum formed by the fusion of the united sepals and an inner operculum formed by the fusion of the sepals. In that case, the outer operculum is shed early in the development of the bud leaving a scar around the bud. In those species that lack an outer operculum, there is no bud scar. The inner op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Management
Forest management is a branch of forestry concerned with overall administrative, legal, economic, and social aspects, as well as scientific and technical aspects, such as silviculture, forest protection, and forest regulation. This includes management for timber, aesthetics, recreation, urban values, water, wildlife, inland and nearshore fisheries, wood products, plant genetic resources, and other forest resource values. Management objectives can be for conservation, utilisation, or a mixture of the two. Techniques include timber extraction, planting and replanting of different species, building and maintenance of roads and pathways through forests, and preventing fire. Many tools like remote sensing, GIS and photogrammetry modelling have been developed to improve forest inventory and management planning. Scientific research plays a crucial role in helping forest management. For example, climate modeling, biodiversity research, carbon sequestration research, GIS appli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arion (gastropod)
''Arion'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Most species of this Palearctic genus are native to the Iberian Peninsula. Species can be difficult to distinguish from one another upon cursory examination, because individuals of a species can vary in color and there are few obvious differences between taxa. The color of an individual can be influenced by its diet. Some ''Arion'' are known as pests, such as ''A. lusitanicus'' auct. non Mabille (= ''A. vulgaris''), which damages agricultural crops and ornamental plants, and ''A. rufus'', a familiar garden pest. ''Arion'' slugs are often transported internationally in shipments of plant products and mushrooms. ''Arion'' slugs have been identified in North America and Australia as invasive species An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment. Invasive species adversely affect habitats and bioregions, causing ecological, environmental, and/or e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dioicous
Dioicy () is a sexual system in non-vascular plants where archegonia (female organs) and antheridia (male organs) are produced on separate plants in the gametophyte phase. It is one of the two main sexual systems in bryophytes, the other being monoicy. Both dioicous () and monoicous gametophytes produce gametes in gametangia by mitosis rather than meiosis, so that sperm and eggs are genetically identical with their parent gametophyte. Description Dioicy promotes outcrossing. Sexual dimorphism is commonly found in dioicous species. Dioicy is correlated with reduced sporophyte production, due to spatial separation of male and female colonies, scarcity or absence of males. The term dioecy is inapplicable to bryophytes because it refers to the sexuality of vascular plant sporophytes. Nonetheless dioecy and dioicy are comparable in many respects. Etymology The words dioicous and di(o)ecious are derived from οἶκος or οἰκία and δι- (di-), twice, double. (''(o)e' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiloscyphus Profundus
''Chiloscyphus'' is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Lophocoleaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. In 2010, John J. Engel published a monograph on the Australasian species in this genus. Species As accepted by GBIF; *'' Chiloscyphus acutus'' *'' Chiloscyphus alpicola'' *'' Chiloscyphus amplectens'' *'' Chiloscyphus angulatus'' *'' Chiloscyphus anisolobus'' *'' Chiloscyphus archeri'' *'' Chiloscyphus argenteus'' *'' Chiloscyphus armatistipulus'' *'' Chiloscyphus asperrimus'' *'' Chiloscyphus australis'' *'' Chiloscyphus austro-alpinus'' *'' Chiloscyphus banksianus'' *'' Chiloscyphus beecheyanus'' *''Chiloscyphus beesleyanus'' *'' Chiloscyphus belmoranus'' *'' Chiloscyphus bifidus'' *'' Chiloscyphus bowieanus'' *'' Chiloscyphus brasiliensis'' *''Chiloscyphus breviculus'' *''Chiloscyphus brevis'' *''Chiloscyphus brevistipulus'' *''Chiloscyphus bridelii'' *''Chiloscyphus ceylonensis'' *''Chiloscyphus cheesemanii'' *''Chiloscyphus ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraphis Pellucida
''Tetraphis pellucida'', the pellucid four-tooth moss, is one of two species of moss in the acrocarpous genus ''Tetraphis''. Its name refers to its four large peristome teeth found on the sporophyte capsule. Range and morphology ''Tetraphis pellucida'' occurs almost exclusively on rotten stumps and logs, and is native to the northern hemisphere. The leafy shoot is between eight and 15 mm tall. The lower leaves are 1 to 2 mm long, whereas the upper and perichaetial leaves – leaves that surround the archegonia – are 3 mm long. The leaves are plain and whole at the margins. Reproduction ''Tetraphis pellucida'' reproduces both asexually through the production of gemmae, and sexually resulting in a sporophyte which will produce spores. Asexual reproduction ''Tetraphis pellucida'' reproduces asexually through the use of propagules called gemmae. The gemmae are found either in gemma cups or stalks. Gemma cups are typically composed of three to five larger, speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicranum Scoparium
''Dicranum scoparium'', the broom forkmoss, is a species of dicranid moss, native to most of the northern hemisphere as well as Oceania. It usually forms and grows in round mass clumps or mats on soil in dry to moist forested areas. As with many types of moss Broom moss grows in clumps with Broom mosses as well as other mosses. It can be distinguished by its leaves, which strongly curve to one side. Description Broom forkmoss is usually robust and coarse, forming shiny tufts with woolly stems high. The leaf midrib extends to the tip and usually has 4 ridges along its back. The leaves are long, lance-shaped with a long, slender point, and strongly toothed along the upper third. Most leaves will be folded and curved to one side, but may be wavy. Capsules are 2.3–5 mm long, urn-shaped and curved. The capsules are held on mostly-erect stalks long. The operculum (capsule lid) is usually longer than the capsule. Male ''D. scoparium'' are less common than the females, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizomnium Punctatum
Rhizomnium punctatum, also called dotted thyme-moss, is a small species in the genus ''Rhizomnium''. Description The roots, which are 10–100 mm tall, stand up straight. The oval- or egg-shaped leaves are usually broader above the middle. The rhizoids are not slender, unlike similar species ''R. magnifolium'' and ''R. pseudopunctatum'', and they grow in the leaf axils. Capsules, measuring 5mm long, are borne on setae which are 20-30mm. Distribution ''Rhizomnium punctatum'' is native to most of Europe and North America and is also found in the Azores and Madeira, North Africa, Turkey, the Caucasus, Iran and Asia east to Siberia. It is found on all corners of the British Isles, although once again less frequent in Ireland. It also has a more scattered range in the East, from Cambridge north to Kingston upon Hull. It can be found on Scilly, Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man The Isle of Man ( , also ), or Mann ( ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herzogiella Seligeri
''Herzogiella'' is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Hypnaceae. The genus name of ''Herzogiella'' is in honour of Theodor Carl Julius Herzog (1880– 1961), who was a German bryologist and phytogeographer. The genus was circumscribed by Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus in Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed.2, vol.11 on page 466 in 1925. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en .... Species: * '' Herzogiella adscendens'' Iwatsuki & W.B.Schofield, 1973 * '' Herzogiella boliviana'' Fleischer, 1925 * '' Herzogiella cylindricarpa'' (Cardot) Z. Iwats. * '' Herzogiella letestui'' (Dixon & P. de la Varde) Ando * '' Herzogiella perrobusta'' (Broth.) Z. Iwats. * '' Herzogiella renitens'' (Mitt.) Z. Iwats. * '' Herzogiella seligeri'' (Brid.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montane Ecosystems
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures lapse rate, fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial factor in shaping plant community, biodiversity, metabolic processes and ecosystem dynamics for montane ecosystems. Dense montane forests are common at moderate elevations, due to moderate temperatures and high rainfall. At higher elevations, the climate is harsher, with lower temperatures and higher winds, preventing the growth of trees and causing the plant community to transition to montane grasslands and shrublands or alpine tundra. Due to the unique climate conditions of montane ecosystems, they contain increased numbers of endemic species. Montane ecosystems also exhibit variation in ecosystem services, which include carbon storage and water supply. Life zones As elevation increases, the alpine climate, climate becomes co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
