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Businessmen's Educational Fund
The Businessmen's Educational Fund (BEF) was an American non-profit organization which was founded in 1968. Its goals were to research, reassess and reduce the influence of the military in US economics and politics. Its founder chairman was Harold Willens, president of the Factory Equipment Supply Corporation, who had also founded the Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace in 1967. Willens had been a captain in the US Marines during the Second World War and then became successful as a businessman afterwards. The organization was funded by donations and dues which were $100 for individuals up to $25,000 for the 17 founder members who helped Willens start the organization. Its staff included A. Ernest Fitzgerald – the whistleblower who testified about the problems with the Lockheed C-5A and was fired from the USAF's Senior Executive Service on the orders of President Nixon, resulting in the case of ''Nixon v. Fitzgerald''. Fitzgerald produced literature and conducted a progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Willens
Harold Willens (April 26, 1914March 17, 2003) was a Ukrainian-American businessman and political activist. Known for his advocacy of a bilateral nuclear weapons freeze, he was associated with the so-called Malibu Mafia who donated to liberal and progressive causes and politicians. Willens provided the Malibu base of the group by hosting meetings at his house on Malibu Beach. Willins co-founded the military reform Center for Defense Information in 1972. In 1978, he served on the United Nations Disarmament Commission. In 1982, Willens headed Proposition 12, a successful California ballot initiative calling for a bilateral nuclear weapons freeze between the US and the Soviet Union. Early life Willens was born in the Chernigov region of the Russian Empire on April 26, 1914, the son of a tailor and a garment worker. He and his Jewish family barely escaped death in the Kiev pogroms (1919), and in 1922 they settled as refugees in the US, initially in the Bronx. His sister Doris Wille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seminar
A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to participate. This is often accomplished through an ongoing Socratic dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor, or through a more formal presentation of research. It is essentially a place where assigned readings are discussed, questions can be raised and debates can be conducted. Etymology The word ''seminar'' was borrowed from German (always capitalized, as a common noun, as ''Seminar''), and is ultimately derived from the Latin word ''seminarium'', meaning "seed plot" (an old-fashioned term for “ seedbed”). Its root word is ''semen'' (Latin for "seed"). Overview The term ''seminar'' is also used to describe a research talk, often given by a visiting researcher and primaril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Advocacy Groups In The United States
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military–industrial Complex
The expression military–industrial complex (MIC) describes the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. A driving factor behind the relationship between the military and the defense-minded corporations is that both sides benefit—one side from obtaining war weapons, and the other from being paid to supply them. The term is most often used in reference to the system behind the armed forces of the United States, where the relationship is most prevalent due to close links among defense contractors, the Pentagon, and politicians. The expression gained popularity after a warning of the relationship's detrimental effects, in the farewell address of President Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 17, 1961. In the context of the United States, the appellation is sometimes extended to military–industrial–congressional complex (MICC), adding the U.S. Congress to form a three-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master List Of Nixon Political Opponents
Master or masters may refer to: Ranks or titles * Ascended master, a term used in the Theosophical religious tradition to refer to spiritually enlightened beings who in past incarnations were ordinary humans *Grandmaster (chess), National Master, International Master, FIDE Master, Candidate Master, all ranks of chess player * Grandmaster (martial arts) or Master, an honorary title * Grand master (order), a title denoting the head of an order or knighthood * Grand Master (Freemasonry), the head of a Grand Lodge and the highest rank of a Masonic organization *Maestro, an orchestral conductor, or the master within some other musical discipline *Master, a title of Jesus in the New Testament *Master or shipmaster, the sea captain of a merchant vessel *Master (college), head of a college *Master (form of address), an English honorific for boys and young men *Master (judiciary), a judicial official in the courts of common law jurisdictions * Master mariner, a licensed mariner who is qua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nixon's Enemies List
"Nixon's Enemies List" is the informal name of what started as a list of President of the United States Richard Nixon's major political opponents compiled by Charles Colson, written by George T. Bell (assistant to Colson, special counsel to the White House), and sent in memorandum form to John Dean on September 9, 1971. The list was part of a campaign officially known as "Opponents List" and "Political Enemies Project". The list became public knowledge on June 27, 1973, when Dean mentioned during hearings with the Senate Watergate Committee that a list existed containing those whom the president did not like. Journalist Daniel Schorr, who happened to be on the list, managed to obtain a copy of it later that day. A longer second list was made public by Dean on December 20, 1973, during a hearing with the Congressional Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation. Purpose The official purpose, as described by the White House Counsel's Office, was to "screw" Nixon's political e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commandant Of The United States Marine Corps
The commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) is normally the highest-ranking officer in the United States Marine Corps and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions. The CMC reports directly to the secretary of the Navy and is responsible for ensuring the organization, policy, plans, and programs for the Marine Corps as well as advising the president, the secretary of defense, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the secretary of the Navy on matters involving the Marine Corps. Under the authority of the secretary of the Navy, the CMC designates Marine personnel and resources to the commanders of unified combatant commands. Combatant commands: administration and support The commandant performs all other functions prescribed in Section 8043 in Title 10 of the United States Code Commandant of the Marine Corps or delegates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in his administration in his name. As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David M
David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the third king of the United Kingdom of Israel. In the Books of Samuel, he is described as a young shepherd and harpist who gains fame by slaying Goliath, a champion of the Philistines, in southern Canaan. David becomes a favourite of Saul, the first king of Israel; he also forges a notably close friendship with Jonathan, a son of Saul. However, under the paranoia that David is seeking to usurp the throne, Saul attempts to kill David, forcing the latter to go into hiding and effectively operate as a fugitive for several years. After Saul and Jonathan are both killed in battle against the Philistines, a 30-year-old David is anointed king over all of Israel and Judah. Following his rise to power, Dav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nixon V
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His five years in the White House saw reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, the first manned Moon landings, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nixon's second term ended early, when he became the only president to resign from office, as a result of the Watergate scandal. Nixon was born into a poor family of Quakers in a small town in Southern California. He graduated from Duke Law School in 1937, practiced law in California, then moved with his wife Pat to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government. After active duty in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Executives Move For Vietnam Peace
Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace (BEM) was an organization opposed to the Vietnam War. In September 1967 a group of nearly one thousand businessmen formed a national committee opposing United States participation in the Vietnam War. Henry E. Niles, board chairman of Baltimore Life Insurance Company, founded the national group. In 1971, the Chicago Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace honored Joan Baez with an award for her anti-war work. Their work landed them on the master list of Nixon political opponents. Although a non-partisan group, BEM voted to endorse all candidates supporting an end to the Vietnam War. The group became inactive after the war. References External linksBEM St. Louis recordsvia University of Missouri–St. Louis The University of Missouri–St. Louis (UMSL) is a public research university in St. Louis, Missouri. Established in 1963, it is one of four universities in the University of Missouri System and its newest. Located on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His five years in the White House saw reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, the first manned Moon landings, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nixon's second term ended early, when he became the only president to resign from office, as a result of the Watergate scandal. Nixon was born into a poor family of Quakers in a small town in Southern California. He graduated from Duke Law School in 1937, practiced law in California, then moved with his wife Pat to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government. After active duty in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senior Executive Service
The Senior Executive Service (SES) is a position classification in the civil service of the United States federal government equivalent to general officer or flag officer rank in the U.S. Armed Forces. It was created in 1979 when the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 went into effect under President Jimmy Carter. Characteristics According to the Office of Personnel Management, the SES was designed to be a corps of executives selected for their leadership qualifications, serving in key positions just below the top presidential appointees as a link between them and the rest of the federal (civil service) workforce. SES positions are considered to be above the GS-15 level of the General Schedule, and below Level III of the Executive Schedule. Career members of the SES ranks are eligible for the Presidential Rank Awards program. Up to 10% of SES positions can be filled as political appointments rather than by career employees. About half of the SES is designated "Career Reser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
