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Buddy Breathing
Buddy breathing is a rescue technique used in scuba diving "out-of-gas" emergencies, when two divers share one demand valve, alternately breathing from it. Techniques have been developed for buddy breathing from both twin-hose and single hose regulators, but to a large extent it has been superseded by safer and more reliable techniques using additional equipment, such as the use of a bailout cylinder or breathing through a secondary demand valve on the rescuer's regulator. Running out of breathing gas most commonly happens as a result of poor gas management. It can also happen due to unforeseen exertion or breathing equipment failure. Equipment failure resulting in the loss of all gas could be caused by failure of a pressure retaining component such as an O-ring or hose in the regulator or, in cold conditions, a freezing of water in the regulator resulting in a free flow from the demand valve. Technique Buddy breathing is usually initialised by the diver with the "out of air" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scuba Diving
Scuba diving is a Diving mode, mode of underwater diving whereby divers use Scuba set, breathing equipment that is completely independent of a surface breathing gas supply, and therefore has a limited but variable endurance. The word ''scuba'' is an Acronym#Normal case and acronyms, acronym for "Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus" and was coined by Christian J. Lambertsen in a patent submitted in 1952. Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, affording them greater independence and movement than surface-supplied divers, and more time underwater than freedivers. Although the use of compressed air is common, other gas blends are also used. Open-circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver at ambient pressure through a diving regulator. They may include additional cylinders for range extension, de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Ascent
An emergency ascent is an ascent to the surface by a diver in an emergency. More specifically, it refers to any of several procedures for reaching the surface in the event of an out-of-gas emergency, generally while scuba diving. Emergency ascents may be broadly categorised as independent ascents, where the diver is alone and manages the ascent by themself, and dependent ascents, where the diver is assisted by another diver, who generally provides breathing gas, but may also provide transportation or other assistance. The extreme case of a dependent ascent is underwater rescue or recovery of an unconscious or unresponsive diver, but this is more usually referred to as diver rescue, and emergency ascent is usually used for cases where the distressed diver is at least partially able to contribute to the management of the ascent. An emergency ascent usually implies that the diver initiated the ascent voluntarily, and made the choice of the procedure. Ascents that are involuntary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bailout Bottle
A bailout bottle (BoB) or, more formally, bailout cylinder is a scuba cylinder carried by an underwater diver for use as an emergency supply of breathing gas in the event of a primary gas supply failure. A bailout cylinder may be carried by a scuba diver in addition to the primary scuba set, or by a surface supplied diver using either free-flow or demand systems. The bailout gas is not intended for use during the dive except in an emergency, and would be considered a fully redundant breathing gas supply if used correctly. The term may refer to just the cylinder, or the bailout set or emergency gas supply (EGS), which is the cylinder with the gas delivery system attached. The bailout set or bailout system is the combination of the emergency gas cylinder with the gas delivery system to the diver, which includes a diving regulator with either a demand valve, a bailout block, or a bailout valve (BOV). In solo diving, a buddy bottle is a bailout cylinder carried as a substitute f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deep Diving
Deep diving is underwater diving to a depth beyond the normal range accepted by the associated community. In some cases this is a prescribed limit established by an authority, while in others it is associated with a level of certification or training, and it may vary depending on whether the diving is recreational, technical or commercial. Nitrogen narcosis becomes a hazard below and hypoxic breathing gas is required below to lessen the risk of oxygen toxicity. At much greater depths, breathing gases become supercritical fluids, making diving with conventional equipment effectively impossible regardless of the physiological effects on the human body. Air, for example, becomes a supercritical fluid below about . For some recreational diving agencies, "Deep diving", or "Deep diver" may be a certification awarded to divers that have been trained to dive to a specified depth range, generally deeper than . However, the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diving Regulator
A diving regulator or underwater diving regulator is a pressure regulator that controls the pressure of breathing gas for underwater diving. The most commonly recognised application is to reduce pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and deliver it to the diver, but there are also other types of gas pressure regulator used for diving applications. The gas may be air or one of a variety of specially blended breathing gases. The gas may be supplied from a scuba cylinder carried by the diver, in which case it is called a scuba regulator, or via a hose from a compressor or high-pressure storage cylinders at the surface in surface-supplied diving. A gas pressure regulator has one or more valves in series which reduce pressure from the source, and use the downstream pressure as feedback to control the delivered pressure, or the upstream pressure as feedback to prevent excessive flow rates, lowering the pressure at each stage. The terms "regulator" and "demand valve" (DV) are of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Task Loading
A task load indicates the degree of difficulty experienced when performing a task, and task loading describes the accumulation of tasks that are necessary to perform an operation. A light task loading can be managed by the operator with capacity to spare in case of contingencies. Task loads are primarily associated with underwater diving. They are also associated with workloads in other environments, such as aircraft cockpits and command and control stations. Task loads may be measured and compared. NASA uses six sub-scales in their task load rating procedure. Three of these relate to the demands on the subject and the other three to interactions between subject and task. Ratings contain a large personal component and may vary considerably between subjects, and over time as experience is gained. #Mental Demands: How much mental and perceptual effort is required; #Physical Demands: How much physical effort is required; #Temporal Demands: How much time pressure the subject feels; #O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panic
Panic is a sudden sensation of fear, which is so strong as to dominate or prevent reason and logical thinking, replacing it with overwhelming feelings of anxiety, uncertainty and frantic agitation consistent with a fight-or-flight reaction. Panic may occur singularly in individuals or manifest suddenly in large groups as mass panic (closely related to herd behavior). Etymology The word "panic" derives from antiquity and is a tribute to the ancient god Pan. One of the many gods in the mythology of ancient Greece, Pan was the god of shepherds and of woods and pastures. The Greeks believed that he often wandered peacefully through the woods, playing a pipe, but when accidentally awakened from his noontime nap he could give a great shout that would cause flocks to stampede. From this aspect of Pan's nature Greek authors derived the word ''panikos'', "sudden fear", the ultimate source of the English word: "panic". The Greek term indicates the feeling of total fear that is als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solo Diving
Solo or SOLO may refer to: Arts and entertainment Characters * Han Solo, a ''Star Wars'' character * Jacen Solo, a Jedi in the non-canonical ''Star Wars Legends'' continuity * Kylo Ren (Ben Solo), a ''Star Wars'' character * Napoleon Solo, from the TV spy series ''Man from U.N.C.L.E.'' * Sky Solo, from the comic book series ''1963'' * Solo (Marvel Comics), a fictional counter-terrorism operative Films * ''Solo'' (1969 film), directed by Jean-Pierre Mocky * ''Solo'' (1972 film), directed by Mike Hoover * ''Solo'' (1977 film), a New Zealand film * ''Solo'' (1984 film), starring Sandra Kerns * ''Solo'' (1996 film), a science fiction action film * ''Solo'' (2006 film), an Australian film written and directed by Morgan O'Neill * ''Solo'' (2008 film), an Australian documentary film directed by David Michod and Jennifer Peedom * ''Solo'' (2011 film), a Telugu-language film * ''Solo'' (2013 film), a Canadian thriller * ''Solo'' (2015 film), Uruguayan director Guillermo Roca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controlled Emergency Swimming Ascent
An emergency ascent is an ascent to the surface by a diver in an emergency. More specifically, it refers to any of several procedures for reaching the surface in the event of an out-of-gas emergency, generally while scuba diving. Emergency ascents may be broadly categorised as independent ascents, where the diver is alone and manages the ascent by themself, and dependent ascents, where the diver is assisted by another diver, who generally provides breathing gas, but may also provide transportation or other assistance. The extreme case of a dependent ascent is underwater rescue or recovery of an unconscious or unresponsive diver, but this is more usually referred to as diver rescue, and emergency ascent is usually used for cases where the distressed diver is at least partially able to contribute to the management of the ascent. An emergency ascent usually implies that the diver initiated the ascent voluntarily, and made the choice of the procedure. Ascents that are involuntary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demand Valve
A diving regulator or underwater diving regulator is a pressure regulator that controls the pressure of breathing gas for underwater diving. The most commonly recognised application is to reduce pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and deliver it to the diver, but there are also other types of gas pressure regulator used for diving applications. The gas may be air or one of a variety of specially blended breathing gases. The gas may be supplied from a scuba cylinder carried by the diver, in which case it is called a scuba regulator, or via a hose from a compressor or high-pressure storage cylinders at the surface in surface-supplied diving. A gas pressure regulator has one or more valves in series which reduce pressure from the source, and use the downstream pressure as feedback to control the delivered pressure, or the upstream pressure as feedback to prevent excessive flow rates, lowering the pressure at each stage. The terms "regulator" and "demand valve" (DV) are of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
