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Brick Tax
The brick tax was a property tax introduced in Great Britain in 1784, during the reign of King George III, to help pay for the wars in the American Colonies. Bricks were initially taxed at 2 s 6 d per thousand. The brick tax was eventually abolished in 1850. Proposal The brick tax was first proposed by Lord George Lyttelton in 1756. The proposal was perceived as partial since parts of Britain used mainly stone for building and also as unfair since (it was believed) the tax would fall less heavily on the rich as their houses were more likely to be built from stone. Lyttelton failed to pass the brick tax proposal and consequently started to promote tax on publicans, which (at the rate of 1 ''l''. per a business licence) was calculated to generate considerably more revenue than the brick tax. The brick tax was proposed and rejected again in 1778. The brick tax finally passed in 1784 to cover costs of War of American Independence. The reason bricks were chosen to be the subject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilkes Gobs Oversize Bricks, Measham
Wilkes may refer to: Places * Wilkes, Portland, Oregon, a US neighborhood * Wilkes County, Georgia * Wilkes County, North Carolina * Wilkes Basin, George V Land, Antarctica * Wilkes Station, Antarctica, a research station * Battery Wilkes, a historic artillery battery in West Ashley, Charleston, South Carolina * Wilkes Power Plant, Jefferson, Texas, an electrical power station * Wilkes Island, islet of Wake Island in the Central Pacific. Schools in the United States * Wilkes University, Pennsylvania * Wilkes Community College, Wilkesboro, North Carolina * Wilkes Honors College, Florida People * John Wilkes, English radical journalist and politician in the late 18th century. * Wilkes (surname), other people with the surname * Wilkes Angel (1817–1889), New York lawyer and politician * Wilkes C. Robinson (1925–2015), judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims from 1987 to 1997 Other uses * , several US Navy vessels * Wilkes (horse) (born 1952), Australian thoroug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leicestershire
Leicestershire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It is bordered by Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire to the south-east, Warwickshire to the south-west, and Staffordshire to the west. The city of Leicester is the largest settlement and the county town. The county has an area of and a population of one million according to 2022 estimates. Leicester is in the centre of the county and is by far the largest settlement, with a Leicester urban area, built-up area population of approximately half a million. The remainder of the county is largely rural, and the next-largest settlements are Loughborough in the north, Hinckley in the south-west, and Wigston south-east of Leicester. For Local government in England, local government purposes Leicestershire comprises a non-metropolitan county, with seven districts, and the Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Taxation In The United Kingdom
300px, ''The Friend of the People; & his Petty New Tax Gatherer paying John Bull a visit'' (1806), James Gillray , alt=A satirical cartoon by James Gilroy. John Bull, speaking from a first floor window, says "TAXES? TAXES? TAXES? why how an I to get money to pay them all? I shall very soon have neither a House nor Hole to put my head in! The history of taxation in the United Kingdom includes the history of all collections by governments under law, in money or in kind, including collections by monarchs and lesser feudal lords, levied on persons or property subject to the government, with the primary purpose of raising revenue. Background Prior to the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 and the United Kingdom in 1801, taxation had been levied in the countries that joined to become the UK. For example, in England, King John introduced an export tax on wool in 1203 and King Edward I introduced taxes on wine in 1275. Also in England, a Poor Law tax was established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallpaper Tax
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Window Tax
Window tax was a property tax based on the number of windows in a house. It was a significant social, cultural, and architectural force in England, Scotland, France and Ireland during the 18th and 19th centuries. To avoid the tax, some houses from the period can be seen to have bricked-up window-spaces (which can be (re)glazed later). In England and Wales it was introduced in 1696 and in Scotland from 1748. It was repealed in both cases in 1851. In France it was established in 1798 and was repealed in 1926. History The tax was introduced in England and Wales in 1696 under King William III and was designed to impose tax relative to the prosperity of the taxpayer, but without the controversy that then surrounded the idea of income tax. At that time, many people in Britain opposed income tax, on principle, because the disclosure of personal income was perceived by them to represent an unacceptable governmental intrusion into private matters, and a potential threat to personal libe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hearth Tax
A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on wealth. It was calculated based on the number of hearths, or fireplaces, within a municipal area and is considered among the first types of progressive tax. Hearth tax was levied in the Byzantine Empire from the 9th century, France and England from the 14th century, and finally in Scotland and Ireland in the 17th century. History Byzantine Empire In the Byzantine Empire a tax on hearths, known as ''kapnikon'', was first explicitly mentioned for the reign of Nicephorus I (802–811), although its context implies that it was already then old and established and perhaps it should be taken back to the 7th century AD. Kapnikon was a tax levied on households without exceptions for the poor.Haldon, John F. (1997) ''Byzantium in the Seventh Century: the Transformation of a Culture''. Cambridge University Press. France In the 1340s especially, the K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glass Tax
The glass tax was introduced in Great Britain in 1746, during the reign of King George II of Great Britain, George II. Originally, these acts taxed initially raw materials used for glass making. Glass was at that time sold by weight, and manufacturers responded by producing smaller, more highly decorated objects, often with hollow stems, known today as "Excise glasses". The impact of these taxes was that many glassworks had to move their businesses to bordering countries, most frequently to Ireland. In 1780, the government granted Ireland free trade in glass without taxation, resulting in the establishment of glassworks in Cork (city), Cork and Waterford. After the campaigns against those acts, glass tax was shifted in 1811 to all products made from glass, for examples green glass bottles, windows and flint glass. The heavy decorative glass objects and large windows became the symbol of wealth in this time period. This also meant that only the very wealthy could afford green houses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematical Tiles
Mathematical tiles are tiles which were used extensively as a building material in the southeastern counties of England—especially East Sussex and Kent—in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They were laid on the exterior of Timber framing, timber-framed buildings as an alternative to brickwork, which their appearance closely resembled. A distinctive black variety with a glazed surface was used on many buildings in Brighton (now part of the City status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove) from about 1760 onwards, and is considered a characteristic feature of the town's early architecture. Although the brick tax (1784–1850) was formerly thought to have encouraged use of mathematical tiles, in fact the tiles were subject to the same tax. Name The precise origin of the name "mathematical" is unknown. Local historian Norman Nail ascribes it to the "neat geometric pattern" produced by the tiles. John W. Cowan suggests it means "exactly regular", an older sense of "m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weatherboarding
Clapboard (), also called bevel siding, lap siding, and weatherboard, with regional variation in the definition of those terms, is wooden siding of a building in the form of horizontal boards, often overlapping. ''Clapboard'', in modern American usage, is a word for long, thin boards used to cover walls and (formerly) roofs of buildings. Historically, it has also been called ''clawboard'' and ''cloboard''. In the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, the term ''weatherboard'' is always used. An older meaning of "clapboard" is small split pieces of oak imported from Germany for use as barrel staves, and the name is a partial translation (from , "to fit") of Middle Dutch and related to German . Types Riven Clapboards were originally riven radially by hand producing triangular or "feather-edged" sections, attached thin side up and overlapped thick over thin to shed water. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Measham
Measham is a large village in the North West Leicestershire district in Leicestershire, England, near the Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Warwickshire boundaries. It lies off the A42, south of Ashby de la Zouch, in the National Forest. Historically it was in an exclave of Derbyshire absorbed into Leicestershire in 1897. The name is thought to mean "homestead on the River Mease". The village was once part of Derbyshire before being transferred to Leicestershire. History Early history The name ''Meas-Ham'' suggests it was founded in the Saxon period between 350 and 1000 CE. Just before the Norman Conquest of 1066, the village belonged to "Earl Algar". The Domesday Book of 1086 has it belonging directly to the King, as part of a royal estate centred at Repton. Its taxable value was assessed at a mere 2 geld units, containing land for three ploughs, of meadow, and a square furlong () of woodland. Middle Ages The manor passed from the crown to the Earls of Chester. In 1235 it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Property Tax
A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called ''millage'') is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.In the OECD classification scheme, tax on property includes "taxes on immovable property or Wealth tax, net wealth, taxes on the change of ownership of property through Inheritance tax, inheritance or Gift tax, gift and Financial transaction tax, taxes on financial and capital transactions" (see: ), but this article only covers taxes on realty. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or other Region, geographical region, or a Local government, municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted with a rent tax, which is based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Wilkes
Joseph Wilkes (1733–1805) was an 18th-century English industrialist and agricultural improver born in the village of Overseal in Derbyshire but more commonly associated with the village of Measham in Leicestershire. From a farming family, Wilkes was one of the leading businessmen in the area during the early part of the Industrial Revolution in England. Career Joseph Wilkes' business enterprises were many and varied, and during his lifetime he transformed Measham from a tiny mining village to a model settlement of the Industrial Revolution. Purchasing the manor with his brothers from William Wollaston in 1777 for £56,000, he undertook the development and expansion of the village, opening a bank, an inn, building factories, a boat yard, a market house and a vicarage, and constructing affordable housing for his workers. Many signs of this development are still visible today. To commemorate Wilkes, a mosaic sundial displaying many of his enterprises, by the artist Steve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
