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Brazilian Military Junta Of 1969
A Military Junta or ''Junta Militar'' ruled Brazil from August 31 to October 30, 1969, between the sudden illness of President Artur da Costa e Silva and the swearing-in of Emílio Garrastazu Médici as his successor. At that time, Brazil was in the peak of a military dictatorship of Brazil, military dictatorship, and the Brazilian Armed Forces were unwilling to allow even their civilian supporters to have any real share of power. Pedro Aleixo, Costa e Silva's civilian vice-president, should have become acting president under the Constitution of 1967, but was prevented from taking office. The Junta was composed of the three armed forces ministers: Army Minister General Aurélio de Lira Tavares, Navy Minister Admiral Augusto Hamann Rademaker Grünewald and Air Force Minister Brigadier Márcio de Souza e Mello. They ruled under the provisions of the highly repressive AI-5, Fifth Institutional Act (AI-5). History In August 1969, President Costa e Silva suffered a debilitating epi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurélio De Lira Tavares
Aurélio de Lira Tavares (7 November 1905 – 18 November 1998) was a general in the Brazilian Army. He was one of the military in the Brazilian Military Junta of 1969, joint military board that ruled Brazil between the illness of Artur da Costa e Silva in August 1969 and the investiture ceremony of Emílio Garrastazu Médici in October of that same year. During the government of the junta, the American ambassador to Brazil Charles Burke Elbrick was kidnapped by the communist guerrilla group Revolutionary Movement 8th October — radical opposition to the military dictatorship. Newton, Michael (1 April 2002): "ELBRICK, Charles Burke". In: ''The Encyclopedia of Kidnappings''. Checkmark Books. See also * List of presidents of Brazil * Brazilian military government * Augusto Rademaker * Márcio Melo References 1905 births 1998 deaths People from João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazilian generals Military dictatorship in Brazil Ambassadors of Brazil t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Democratic Movement
The Brazilian Democratic Movement (, MDB) is a Brazilian political party. It is considered a " big tent party" and it is one of the parties with the greatest representation throughout the national territory, with the most numbers of senators, mayors and city councillors, always having formed a large part of the National Congress since 1988, and also has the largest number of affiliates, with 2,043,709 members . Originally, the MDB was founded on 1965 as part of an enforced two party system by the Brazilian military dictatorship, providing an official, if controlled, opposition. With political opening, in the early 1980s the former members of the MDB created the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (, PMDB), the name by which the party was known until 2018. It was the party of former Presidents of Brazil Tancredo Neves, José Sarney, Itamar Franco and Michel Temer, as well providing support for the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Da Costa E Silva
Artur da Costa e Silva (; 3 October 1899 – 17 December 1969) was a Brazilian Army Marshal and the second president of the Brazilian military government that came to power after the 1964 coup d'état. He reached the rank of Marshal of the Brazilian Army, and held the post of Minister of War in the military government of president Castelo Branco. His administration, following the enactment of Institutional Act 5 (AI-5), marked the beginning of the harshest and most brutal phase of the military dictatorship, which was continued by General Emílio Garrastazu Médici, his successor. AI-5 granted him the power to shut down the National Congress, remove politicians from office, and institutionalize repression in response to the growing opposition to the regime. This repression was carried out through both legal and illegal means, including the torture of civilians. Costa e Silva's government was also characterized by a 15.72% growth in GDP (an average of 7.86%) and a 10.68% inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Brazil (1964-1985)
The military dictatorship in Brazil (), occasionally referred to as the Fifth Brazilian Republic, was established on 1 April 1964, after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against president João Goulart. The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years, until 15 March 1985. The coup was planned and executed by the most senior commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative sectors in society, like the Catholic Church and anti-communist civilian movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. The military regime, particularly after the Institutional Act No. 5 of 1968, practiced extensive censorship and committed human rights abuses. Those abuses included institutionalized torture, extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances. Despite initial pledges to the contrary, the military regime enacted a new, restrictive Constituti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Three Stooges
The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from 1922 until 1970, best remembered for their 190 short-subject films by Columbia Pictures. Their hallmark styles were physical, farce, and slapstick comedy. Six total Stooges appeared over the act's run (with only three working at any given time). The two constants were: * Moe Howard (born Moses Horwitz), 1922–1970, and *Larry Fine (born Louis Feinberg), 1925–1970 The "third stooge" was played in turn by: * Shemp Howard (born Samuel Horwitz), 1922–1932, 1947–1955 ** Joe Palma (born Joseph Provenzano), 1956; stand in for Shemp * Curly Howard (born Jerome Horwitz), 1932–1946 * Joe Besser (born Jessel Besser), 1956–1957 * "Curly Joe" DeRita (born Joseph Wardell), 1958–1970 The act began in 1922 as part of a vaudeville comedy act billed as "Ted Healy and His Stooges", consisting originally of Ted Healy and Moe Howard. Over time, they were joined by Moe's brother, Shemp Howard, and then La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulysses Guimarães
Ulysses Silveira Guimarães ( 6 October 1916 – 12 October 1992) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer who played an important role in opposing the military dictatorship in Brazil and in the fight to restore democracy in the country. He died in a helicopter accident by the shore near Angra dos Reis, in the south of Rio de Janeiro state. Biography Childhood and youth Ulysses Silveira Guimarães was born in the village of Itaqueri da Serra, today a district of Itirapina, which was then part of Rio Claro, São Paulo State. He had an active academic life, participating in the Centro Acadêmico XI de Agosto (August XI Academic Center) and held the position of vice president of the União Nacional dos Estudantes (National Union of Students). Guimarães studied and graduated with a degree in Law and Social Sciences, at the School of Law of University of São Paulo (USP). Professional life He was a teacher for several years at the Mackenzie University School of Law, where he even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Constituent Assembly
The 1988 Constituent Assembly (), also known as the National Constituent Assembly () was held in Brasília to establish Brazil's new democratic Constitution after 21 years under military rule. In November 1986, general elections were held to elect the members of the constituent assembly, which took office on February 1, 1987. Ulysses Guimarães, from the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party of São Paulo, served as president of the Assembly. The majority in the Constituent Assembly was formed by the Democratic Centre ( PMDB, PFL, PTB, PDS, and smaller parties), also known as "Big Centre" (''Centrão''). They were supported by the executive branch and represented conservative factions of the society, and had a decisive influence in the work of the Constituent and the outcome of important decisions, such as the duration of then President Sarney's term, the maintenance of the agrarian policy and the role of the Armed Forces. See also * Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1823) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law. Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have sometimes been characterized as "hybrid democracies", " hybrid regimes" or "competitive authoritarian" states. The political scientist Juan Linz, in an influential 1964 work, ''An Authoritarian Regime: Spain'', defined authoritarianism as possessing four qualities: # Limited political pluralism, which is achieved with constraints on the legislature, political parties and interest groups. # Political legitimacy based on appeals to emotion and identification of the regime as a necessary evil to combat "easily recognizabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Constitution Of Brazil
During its independent political history, Brazil has had seven constitutions. The most recent was ratified on October 5, 1988. Imperial Constitution (1824) Background Prior to its independence on September 7, 1822, Brazil had no formal Constitution, since Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal only adopted its first Constitution on September 23, 1822, 16 days after Brazil proclaimed independence. In 1823, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, Pedro I started the political process of writing a Constitution. Drafting of the first Constitution of Brazil was quite difficult and the power struggle involved resulted in a long-lasting unrest that plagued the country for nearly two decades. Two major facts increased the troubles: * Large numbers of recent immigrants from Portugal (the so-called "Portuguese Party"), who wanted to keep their privileges or who were still loyal to the metropolitan government. These were found both among the wealthier parts of the population, as businessmen controlling Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Air Force
The Brazilian Air Force (, FAB) is the air branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces and one of the three national uniformed services. The FAB was formed when the Brazilian Brazilian Army Aviation (1919–1941), Army and Brazilian Naval Aviation, Navy air branches were merged into a single military force initially called "National Air Forces" in 1941. Both air branches transferred their equipment, installations and personnel to the new force. According to Flight International (Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 80,937 military personnel and operates around 578 aircraft. The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern Hemisphere. History Contestado Campaign The Contestado War was the first conflict in which Brazilian military aviation was employed. On September 19, 1914, taking advantage of a special train driving troops, three aircraft were boarded: a Morane-Saulnier biplane, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Navy
The Brazilian Navy () is the navy, naval service branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, responsible for conducting naval warfare, naval operations. The navy was involved in War of Independence of Brazil#Naval action, Brazil's war of independence from Portugal. Most of Portugal's naval forces and bases in South America were transferred to the newly independent country. The government maintained a sizeable naval force in the initial decades following independence. The navy was later involved in the Cisplatine War, the List of conflicts in South America, River Plate conflicts, the Paraguayan War as well as other sporadic List of conflicts in South America, rebellions that marked Brazilian history. By the 1880s, the Brazilian Imperial Navy was the most powerful in South America. After the Revolta da Armada, 1893–1894 naval rebellion, there was a hiatus in the development of the navy until 1905, when Brazil acquired Minas Geraes-class battleship, two of the most powerful and advanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
