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Boztepe Hill, Trabzon
Boztepe or Mount Minthrion is a hill near Trabzon, in Turkey. It is located 3 kilometers southeast of the city center of Trabzon. The Değirmendere Valley lies to the east of Boztepe. The Kaymaklı quarter occupies most of the Boztepe hill. The area has been religiously significant since ancient times. There are four sacred fountains on Bozetepe. *That of Saint John the Sanctifier is near the summit. On the site is a mosque that was formerly a nineteenth-century church. The church in turn may have replaced a sanctuary to Mithras, which may have been the origin of the name ''Minthrion''. *That of Kaymaklı Monastery is known as the milk fountain. *The Skylolimne is now a mostly-dry lake. *The Dragon's fountain (Δράκοντπήάσον) is near Hoşoğlan village.Bryer, p. 207 According to John Lazaropoulos' ''Logos'' on St. Eugenios of Trebizond, Alexios II of Trebizond Alexios II Megas Komnenos (; Sept./Dec. 1282 – 3 May 1330) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1297 to 1330. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trabzon
Trabzon, historically known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. The city was founded in 756 BC as "Trapezous" by colonists from Miletus. It was added into the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great and was later part of the independent Kingdom of Pontus that challenged Rome until 68 BC. Thenceforth part of the Roman and later Byzantine Empire, the city was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond, one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade in 1204. In 1461 it came under Ottoman rule. During the early modern period, Trabzon, because of the importance of its port, again became a focal point of trade to Persia and the Caucasus. Today Trabzon is the second largest city and port on the Black Sea coast of Turkey with a population of almost 300,000. The urban population of the city is 330,836 (Ortahisar), with a metropolitan population of 822,270. Name The Turkish name of the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Değirmendere Valley, Trabzon
Değirmendere is a Turkish place name meaning "mill river" and may refer to: Places * Değirmendere, Alanya, a village in Alanya district of Antalya Province * Değirmendere, Amasya, a village in the central district of Amasya * Değirmendere, Balya, a village * Değirmenderesi, Bolu, a village in the central district of Bolu Province * Değirmendere, Ceyhan, a village in Ceyhan district of Adana Province * Değirmendere, Çorum, a village in the district of Çorum * Değirmendere, Ergani, a village * Değirmendere, Gölcük, a former town and modern quarter in Gölcük district of Kocaeli Province * Değirmendere, İspir Değirmendere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İspir, Erzurum Province Erzurum Province () is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Its area is 25,006 km2, and its popul ..., a village in the district of İspir * Değirmendere, Mersin, a village in Toroslar district of Mersin Prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithras
Mithraism, also known as the Mithraic mysteries or the Cult of Mithras, was a Roman Empire, Roman mystery religion focused on the god Mithras. Although inspired by Iranian peoples, Iranian worship of the Zoroastrian divinity (''yazata'') Mithra, the Roman Mithras was linked to a new and distinctive imagery, and the degree of continuity between Persian and Greco-Roman practice remains debatable. The mysteries were popular among the Imperial Roman army from the 1st to the 4th century AD. Worshippers of Mithras had a complex system of seven grades of initiation and communal ritual meals. Initiates called themselves ''syndexioi'', those "united by the handshake". They met in dedicated ''mithraeum, mithraea'' (singular ''mithraeum''), underground Roman temple, temples that survive in large numbers. The cult (religious practice), cult appears to have had its centre in ancient Rome, Rome, and was popular throughout the Western Roman Empire, western half of the empire, as far so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaymaklı Monastery
Kaymaklı Monastery ( hye: Ամենափրկիչ Վանք ''Amenaprgič Vank'', meaning Monastery of the All-Saviour; ) is a ruined Armenian Apostolic monastery near Trabzon, Turkey. The monastery originally included a church, a bell tower at the northwest corner, and a small chapel near the southeast corner. Location, founding and name The monastery is located on top of Boztepe hill, three kilometres southeast of Trabzon (). The site overlooks the Değirmendere Valley, the ancient river Pyxites, along which runs the main trade route into eastern Anatolia and beyond. An Armenian community existed in Trabzon as early as the 7th century.Ambart︠s︡umi︠a︡n, ''Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran'', ''Trapizon'', p. 87 During the Mongol invasions of the 13th and 14th centuries, numerous Armenian families fled here from Ani. However, exact date of the monastery's foundation and origin remains unclear. A religious community was present at the site from at least the fifteenth c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lazaropoulos
John Lazaropoulos (c.1310 - 1369) was the Metropolitan bishop, Metropolitan of Trabzon, Trebizond (as Joseph) from 1364 to November 1367 and a religious writer. Life The first recorded event in John Lazaropoulos' life is a banquet at the Monastery of Saint Eugenios he attended, in celebration of the Transfiguration of Christ (6 August); amongst the guests was the ''protovestiarios'' Constantine Loukites, whom Lazaropoulos describes as "a great man in word and deed." He dates this banquet to the end of "my third age", and alludes to the fact both his parents were alive, which leads Jan Olof Rosenqvist to conclude Lazaropoulos was about 21 years old. He was later made a sacristan (''skeuophylax''), married, and had two sons by 1340. Not long after the Emperor of Trebizond, Basil of Trebizond, Basil, died that same year, Lazaropoulos left Trebizond when Basil's wife Irene of Trebizond, Irene and her two sons were sent into exile at Constantinople. Lazaropoulos was accompanied by his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugenios Of Trebizond
Saint Eugenios () or Eugene was martyred under Diocletian and a cult devoted to him developed in Trabzon, Trebizond. His feast day is 21 January. Eugenios along with the martyrs Candidus, Valerian and Aquila was persecuted during the reign of Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (305-311). The four hid in the mountains above Trebizond, but were eventually found and brought before the regimental commander Lycius. They were flogged, tortured with fire and eventually beheaded. Eugenios is credited with the destruction of the image on the "gray hill" overlooking the city, later known as the Mithratis. Legacy The Komnenos, Komnenian rulers of the Empire of Trebizond adopted the saint as the patron saint, patron of their country. His alleged miracles include assisting Trebizond to repel a Siege of Trebizond (1222–23), siege of the city by the Seljuk Turks in 1224. His image appears frequently on Trapezuntine coins. The cult and pilgrimage around this saint never really developed beyond Tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexios II Of Trebizond
Alexios II Megas Komnenos (; Sept./Dec. 1282 – 3 May 1330) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1297 to 1330. He was the elder son of John II and Eudokia Palaiologina. Alexios proved to be a skillful and energetic ruler, under whose rule the Empire of Trebizond reached the climax of its prosperity. He rebuffed the inroads of the marauding Turks, and adequately handled the encroachment of Genoa and Venice. He also cultivated the arts and sciences at his court serving as a patron to the Byzantine astronomer Gregory Chioniades and the scholar Constantine Loukites. Life He ascended the throne at the age of 14 after the death of his father. He came under the care of his uncle, the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The latter wanted to marry his young ward to a daughter of the high court official Nikephoros Choumnos, but Alexios without asking for the permission married an Iberian princess, Djiadjak Jaqeli, the daughter of Beka I Jaqeli, atabeg of Samtskhe, around 1300 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panagia Theoskepastos Monastery
The Panagia Theoskepastos Monastery (, "Panagia the God-guarded"), today known in Turkish as Kızlar Monastery, is a former female monastery built during the Empire of Trebizond. It lies at the foot of Boztepe mountain overlooking the city of Trabzon. The monastery complex built on two terraces, is surrounded by a protective high wall. The monastery was founded in the reign of Alexios III (1349–1390). Having undergone major repairs several times it assumed its present form in the 19th century. The monastery initially comprised the rock church on the south side the chapel in its entrance and a few cells. Inside the rock church there are inscriptions and portraits of Alexios III, his wife Theodora and his mother Irene.Özhan Öztürk Özhan Öztürk (born 1968, Istanbul) is a Turkish writer and researcher. He is known for his work on the culture and folklore of Turkey’s Black Sea region. Born in Istanbul to a family with roots in the Black Sea region, Özhan Öztür ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landforms Of Trabzon Province
A landform is a land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. They may be natural or may be anthropogenic (caused or influenced by human activity). Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Landforms include hills, mountains, canyons, and valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great oceanic basins. Physical characteristics Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as elevation, slope, orientation, structure stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Gross physical features or landforms include intuitive elements such as berms, cliffs, hills, mounds, peninsulas, ridges, rivers, valleys, volcanoes, and numerous other structural and size-scaled (e.g. ponds vs. lakes, hills vs. mountains) elements including various kinds of inland and oceanic waterbodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
